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Arts & Entertainment, Fashion

Remembering André Leon Talley’s and Thierry Mugler’s iconic fashion legacies

Thierry Mugler, the iconic French designer, and André Leon Talley, the former creative director of Vogue, both passed away at the age of 73 last month. Both renowned for their work in the fashion industry, the loss of such great talents was tremendously felt by all those who knew them and their work. The McGill Tribune looks back at some of the most iconic pieces from both designers. 

Venus Dress – Isy Stevens

Venus Dress (elle.com)

Without a doubt one of Mugler’s most legendary designs, The Venus Dress melds timeless elegance with Mugler’s signature architectural style. This shell-shaped gown embodies a powerful sense of femininity—fitting, considering that the late designer drew inspiration from Botecelli’s The Birth of Venus. Featuring a blush satin lining, matching gloves, and a sheer bodysuit, the piece was first modeled by Mugler’s longtime muse Simonetta Gianfelici at the designer’s 1995 couture show. In 2019, the gown re-emerged from the archives when American rapper Cardi B wore it to the Grammy Awards, delighting fans and fashion critics alike. The Venus Dress’s unwavering popularity throughout the decades is a true testament to the empowering nature of Mugler’s designs and his immeasurable reach across the fashion industry—both of which will continue to inspire for years to come. 

La Chimère – Suzanna Graham

La Chimère (mbam.qc.ca)

Unveiled in his haute couture Autumn/Winter 1997-98 show, La Chimère epitomizes avant-garde fashion. The creation is one of the most expensive dresses in fashion history, consisting of individually painted latex scales, bright feathers, and even animal hair. Designed in collaboration with Jean-Jacques Urcun and Mr. Pearl, a legendary corset maker, the dress caused quite a buzz upon its unveiling when it turned model Adriana Karembeu into a part fantasy, part fetish icon. The dress’ legendary status was confirmed during its feature in Mugler’s 2019 exhibit at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts—it remained the most popular exhibit in Canada that year. Although bizarre and garish, Mugler’s garment exudes an air of power. The gold corset—a historically restrictive item—appears as armor, transforming it into a symbol of bodily and sexual autonomy. In this sense, La Chimère’s otherworldliness combines Mugler’s fantastical imagination and empowering ideals into a mythical being. 

Andre Leon Talley – Ella Gomes

His Own Personal Style

Throughout his work as Vogue’s first Black creative director, some of André Leon Talley’s most iconic outfits are the ones that he styled for himself. In his later years, the extravagant designer was rarely seen without a gloriously patterned caftan to spice up a classic suit. During his youth, Talley already had a knack for expressive dressing, favouring timeless pieces inspired by the fashions of those he admired: the Kennedys, the models gracing the pages of Vogue, and, most significantly, his own grandmother. Growing up in the Jim Crow south, flipping through fashion magazines and perfecting his own style served as an escape from the world around him. As he navigated the fashion industry, Talley often donned exquisite dress wear, including cable knee socks and dapper suits—a look that Talley would later refer to as his “armor” against the racism and bigotry he faced during his rise to prominence in the predominantly white industry. Throughout his career, which was marked by his eloquent writing and sharp knowledge of fashion history, Talley continued pushing to expand representation both on the runways and in the ateliers.

André Leon Talley was one fly guy. (theatlantic.com)

“Little Black Dress” 

While Talley was most known for his long-running career in the field of fashion journalism, his passion for museum curation was palpable in every exhibition he put on. In 2012, at his eponymous gallery in the Savannah College of Art and Design’s Museum of Art, Talley curated the “Little Black Dress” exhibition, housing iconic black dresses donated by the likes of Vera Wang, Rihanna, and Marc Jacobs. A majority of the donations came from Talley’s close friends in the industry, demonstrating his incomparable ability to connect with others through glamorous photoshoots or casual conversation. In discussing his inspiration for the show’s theme, Talley professed that “The little black dress expresses a moment of freedom and individuality every time.” A proud presenter of SCAD’s André Leon Talley Lifetime Achievement Award in Fashion, Talley maintained a close relationship with the college, fueled by his passion to support young creative voices of colour from his same southern roots.

McGill, News

OSVRSE hosts week-long ‘Knock Down the Walls’ campaign addressing sexual violence at McGill

Content warning: Sexual Violence

Each term, the Office for Sexual Violence Response, Support and Education (OSVRSE) hosts a week-long event with the aim to educate the public about resources available to survivors of sexual violence. This semester’s campaign, titled “Knock Down the Walls,” ran from Jan. 24 to Jan. 28. The week of virtual events included a “Panel for Students: Sexual Violence Response in the University Context” on Jan. 24, an information session called “Harassment, Discimination, and Sexual Violence: McGill Policies, Reporting, and Support” on Jan. 25, “Trauma-Sensitive Yoga” on Jan. 26, and a legal information workshop titled “Workshop with Juripop” on Jan. 27. 

“It was suggested that a panel be held regarding the university response to sexual violence, where students could ask questions to key administrators on the processes and roles of different offices in responding to cases,” wrote Maha Cherid, Sexual Violence Education Advisor at OSVRSE, in an email to The McGill Tribune. “OSVRSE wanted to supplement this panel by providing information about the [Office for Mediation and Reporting] (OMR) and the provincial context. We therefore decided to focus our annual January campaign on making information about reporting and resources more accessible to students.”

Some of the “Knock Down the Walls” programming served as a response to criticisms from students regarding the administration’s response sexual assault allegations. The campaign’s sexual violence response panel, in particular, was focussed on addressing student concerns about the reporting procedure.

Isabella Kalarickal, U3 Arts, is the president of It’s On Us, a student group that has been committed to empowering survivors and ending sexual violence on campus since 2017. After controversy surrounding the allegations of repeated sexual assualt in New Residence Hall in Decemeber 2020, It’s On Us took a critical role in pushing for more transparency and communication from the McGill administration.

“Last year, It’s On Us decided to do several open forums where students could come in, and it’s a space for them to vent their frustrations, bring up concerns, ask questions, and just have a discussion amongst peers as to how […] this lack of response from administration is affecting them,” Kalarickal said. “It’s On Us compiled these concerns and questions, and we sent them off to McGill administration, just so hopefully one day they’ll look at it and they’ll realize what students are asking for and what students need.”

The “Sexual Violence Response in the University Context” panellists, including Émilie Marcotte, Sexual Response Advisor at OSVRSE, Fabrice Labeau, McGill Deputy Provost, Maha Cherid, Sexual Violence Education Advisor at OSVRSE, Robin Beech, McGill Dean of Students, and Sinead Hunt, Associate Director of the Office of Mediation and Reporting (OMR), responded to questions from the It’s On Us’ open forums, along with other student questions sent in via Google Form.

In an interview with the Tribune, Beech explained his belief that much of the frustration toward the response process comes from a place of miscommunication and speculation, especially as a result of the confidentiality required by the process.

“What was said on social media was extremely different to what was happening in reality,” Beech said. “There may be situations where a student finds themself in a class with somebody they believe […] is rumoured to have conducted sexual violence. If that happens, those students should contact me, and I can provide mental health support and advice and things, but I will not be able to release information about whether what they’re saying is true or not, for example. So, a lot of the problems come from the fact that [the process] must be confidential, and rumor-ville just goes wild.”

Though Kalarickal acknowledges that hosting the Sexual Violence Response panel is a positive step from administration, she still feels that their response process is inadequate.

“[It’s On Us] took the initiative and we sent them things that students had sent to us,” Kalarickal said. “So, it didn’t really come across as a genuine effort to connect and to address students [….] When we brought up the concerns from students saying that these policies are a bit lacking and don’t really ensure the survivors’ safety, they shifted a lot of the responsibility to Quebec law and to survivor autonomy, but that’s not really conducive to creating a safe space on campus. It’s not the survivor’s responsibility to ensure their protection.”

A virtual recording of the panel will be released shortly, and It’s On Us will link it on their social media platforms.

Sexual violence support is offered to the McGill community through McGill’s Office for Sexual Violence Response, Support and Education (OSVRSE), the Office for Mediation and Reporting (OMR), or the Sexual Assault Centre of the McGill Students’ Society (SACOMSS). OSVRSE can be reached at 514-398-3954, the OMR can be reached at 514-398-6419 or [email protected], and SACOMSS can be reached at (514) 398-8500 or [email protected].

Science & Technology

Hot girl summer eclipsed by Hot Exo-Jupiter

Roughly equal to the mass of 12 Jupiters, exoplanet XO-3b was the subject of a recent study led by Lisa Dang, a PhD student studying short-period exoplanets and their atmospheres at McGill. Exoplanet XO-3b is classified as a “Hot Jupiter,” a planet with physical properties similar to Jupiter that has an orbital period of less than four earth days. XO-3b is within the range of Jupiter’s mass but closer to its host star than Mercury is to the sun.

Dang originally focussed on XO-3b because of its unusual elliptical orbit. Although elliptical orbits are not rare in and of themselves, they are not often associated with Hot Jupiters due to the high mass of these planets and their proximity to the sun. As part of her research, Dang studied XO-3b for a full year. But this turned out to be easier than anticipated, as the planet completes its orbit in the span of only three days.

“The reason why [these orbits] are interesting is because oftentimes these hot Jupiters have a lot of gravitational interactions with the host star, and so the orbit of the planet will become circular,” Dang said in an interview with The McGill Tribune. “The fact that we’re observing this planet in an elliptical orbit tells us that this planet is actually migrating.”

This migration process is poorly understood; gathering data on XO-3b would go a long way in elucidating not only the process itself, but also the environment in which the planet formed. The study also discovered another interesting characteristic of XO-3b: Tentative evidence showed that the planet was producing its own heat.

“It’s easy to think that if you have something more massive that it’s going to be larger [in radius] but that’s actually the contrary,” Dang said, in reference to hot Jupiters. “[For XO-3b], we saw that the radius was larger than what was expected for a planet this massive.” 

In addition to the planet’s abnormally large radius, Spitzer telescope data indicated that the temperature of the planet was also above average across all of its seasons. Putting these two observations together, researchers predicted that some of this heightened temperature was due to internal heating.

The researchers proposed two possible explanations: The first was that the planet was experiencing a type of oscillation caused by tidal heating due to the eccentricity of its orbit. These oscillations could also explain why this planet was generating some of its own heat. The other explanation is that the planet may actually be a failed star, lending it enough mass to generate the pressures necessary for nuclear fusion—allowing the planet to maintain its higher temperature.

Dang believes that a combination of these factors  is causing the heating. She hopes to continue studying XO-3b further to get a better understanding of both the internal heating of the planet and any other interesting characteristics that the planet may present.

“If we measure how much heat is needed to be this size, it turns out to be quite a substantial amount, and that’s why we need the two of them in combination to explain what we see,” Dang said. 

Learning more about the nature of XO-3b will allow us to further characterize  Hot Jupiter-type planets as a whole. While this type of planet is among the most studied currently, there is still a lot to learn about their behaviour and unique quirks. 

Hockey, Sports

Making sense of the Montreal Canadiens’ front office shakeup

On Nov. 29, the Montreal Canadiens announced that after nearly 10 years as general manager (GM), Marc Bergevin had been relieved of his duties.

Coming into the season off of a hot streak, such a drastic turn of events seemed unlikely. Last season, the Canadiens reached the Stanley Cup Final for the first time since 1993, and rumours swirled that a three-year contract extension was in the works. The indefinite loss of Carey Price, Shea Weber, and Joel Edmundson seemed to hamper the team’s playoff chances before the season had even started.  

By November, the team was off to their worst start in decades, bringing down morale among their loyal fans. Mikaela Piccirelli, U3 Science and longtime Habs fan, told //The McGill Tribune// that she believes the issues with Bergevin’s tenure run deeper than this year’s rocky start.

“Apart from last year, […] the Habs were just going through waves of mediocrity and a new face was needed to turn it around,” Piccirelli said. “Especially after making it to the Stanley Cup Finals, […] a new flame was ignited and the fanbase now wants and expects more.”

Changes to management did not stop with Bergevin: Paul Wilson, the vice-president (VP) of communications and public affairs, was let go, and assistant general managers Scott Mellanby and Trevor Timmins resigned and were fired, respectively. Finally, Geoff Molson, the president of the Canadiens, hired Jeff Gorton, the former GM of the Boston Bruins and the New York Rangers, to serve as president of hockey operations.

In early January, Gorton and Molson then hired Chantal Machabée to replace Wilson. A Laval native, Machabée has gained notoriety during her 32 years with Réseau des sports (RDS). In an interview with the //Tribune//, Michel Lacroix, a former colleague of Machabée at RDS and the Canadiens’ in-game announcer, shared his thoughts on the hiring decision.

“I’ve known Chantal personally, she will indeed be a great VP,” Lacroix said. “She has the necessary knowledge and experience and she’ll bring some fresh air to the organization.”

According to Jared Brook, the deputy managing editor of Habs Eyes on the Prize, Machabée’s positive influence is already being felt within the organization.

“I think some of the major changes have already started to be seen in terms of how the team communicates health updates on players,” Brook said in an interview with the //Tribune//. “[Machabée] has the immense respect of everyone who covers the team. I don’t think she would take the job if the organization wasn’t willing to listen to her ideas or implement them.”

On Jan. 18, two weeks after Machabée’s hiring, the organization announced that Kent Hughes had signed a five-year contract as GM of the Habs. The Beaconsfield native had been a player agent for more than 30 years before assuming the position. Hughes is not the first agent to make the leap to GM; an agent’s skillset, which includes intimate knowledge of the collective bargaining agreement and an ability to understand player demands, means they have become increasingly coveted by hockey organizations. 

“I think as a former agent he might have a better idea of what appeals to players,” Brook noted. “Kent Hughes seems set on making the Canadiens into a more modern organization, and that is a very positive step.”

The next era of the Montreal Canadiens is just getting started and will be judged by the team’s on-ice success. The question remains whether management will take their time with a roster rebuild or feel pressured to try and speed up the process. Piccirelli is one fan who would not mind the former.

“If a full rebuild is the most logical way to get there consistently, then I wouldn’t be opposed,” Piccirelli said. “The hardest part would be seeing some players that we have come to love, leave. I don’t know how patient the Habs fan base would be with such a process, but […] I would be willing to deal with a couple more seasons like this one to get there.”

Features

Carving fish in the sand

Every time I’m in the lecture hall analyzing a poem, I’m of two minds. On the one hand, as an English student, I am thinking of the poem as a critic would—sifting and weighing the words. But on the other hand, I am reading as a Christian, conscious of every gesture to God, every biblical allusion. When my English class on John Milton read //Paradise Lost//, I might have thought immediately of Milton’s use of blank verse, but instead I was struck by how the speaker articulates a love for God: “Because we freely love, as in our will / To love or not; in this we stand or fall.”

In moments like this, I start to look around me for signs, searching for others like me. A shared affinity for gospel rap or a “Jesus is King” laptop sticker could reveal a fellow believer and provide comfort in an environment that can sometimes feel secular in the most isolating of ways. These little allusions have become the modern day equivalent of carving fish in the sand. In what is often a cold academic environment, finding other Christians can be difficult, and talking about one’s faith even harder.

A Tough Crowd?

According to a survey conducted by Jesus Film, a Christian film project, 22 per cent of Christians say fear prevents them from sharing their faith. As for myself, I wish discussing my faith didn’t make me nervous. As a Christian, I believe my purpose is to love God and extend His love to others; while other aspects of my life are certainly of value to me, at my very core, I am Christian. Consequently, I often ask myself, how can so many people know me without being acquainted with the most important part of me? 

After a year of online classes and activities, as well as a desire to find a Christian community at McGill, I became involved with Power to Change (P2C), a Christian organization on campus dedicated to sharing Jesus with students at McGill. The space of worship, care, and love P2C fostered has been indispensable to me. It’s no surprise that research attests to the positive impact faith can have on one’s health, including coping with physical and mental illness.

At one event where Christian professors discussed their experiences at McGill, we spent time reflecting on barriers that prevent Christians from sharing their faith. Though some felt confident discussing their faith with others, many of us expressed feelings of fear or unease. 

Anka Johow, a staff member at P2C, is well aware of the challenges of sharing one’s faith and being rejected by peers. 

“Because of the highly scientific and logic-filled environment of university, it is a huge challenge for Christian students to profess their faith in Jesus, something that they can’t simply prove or explain since it is faith,” Johow explained. “They often feel intimidated and not free to share about it.”

JP Ponce, U2 Science, mentioned that while he finds people are normally either neutral or intrigued when he shares his faith, it can still be a difficult conversation to have.

“I do sometimes fear they may place me in a box of what they think a Christian is,” Ponce said. “It’s something that comes with tons of misconceptions. I’m not concerned with them disliking me for being Christian, but I’ll really be sad if they think I’m something that I’m not because they’ve had terrible experiences [with Christians] in the past.”

Despite these fears, Ponce emphasized that most people respond better to talking about faith than you imagine they will. YesHEis, an initiative of Christian Vision (CV), a global Christian charity, shares helpful tools for starting conversations about Jesus with others. One of the most important tips is meeting people where they are at—that is, understanding where people are coming from and being honest and transparent. Unfortunately, Christians have a reputation for being dogmatic or preachy when evangelizing, but this is the exact opposite of evangelism. This is why it is so important to approach conversations about Jesus in a loving, non-judgmental manner. 

Of course, while these fears of sharing my faith are partially personal, they aren’t that irrational considering the wider cultural context of Quebec. The province has a complicated relationship with religion. Before the Quiet Revolution, Quebec was heavily religious—in fact, the province was one of the most Catholic societies in the world, home to thousands of priests and closely tied to Rome. In many ways, the Quiet Revolution this fuelled a backlash and initiated a turn toward secularism as political leaders called for the diminishment of the Catholic Church’s role in society. The victory of the Liberal Party in Quebec in 1960 triggered the Quiet Revolution, where the party pushed for the secularization of the state. The government took control of health care and education, which had previously been under the purview of the Church. 

More recently, in order to strengthen the province’s commitment to secularism, the Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) introduced Bill 21, which prevents public officials from wearing religious symbols while exercising their public duties. Instead of ensuring the separation of the church and state, the bill discriminates against minorities, including Muslim women who wear hijabs, Jews who wear kippahs, and Sikhs who wear turbans. At the same time, the law doesn’t affect all religions equally. While those of other religious minorities might not be able to conceal symbols of their faith, I can tuck a cross under my shirt.

Secularism isn’t necessarily only a political ethos. Although relatively independent from the goings-on of the government, McGill and other university institutions often start with a secular outlook when it comes to the pursuit of knowledge. In an academic context, classes often begin with the assumption that God does not exist and that Christianity is a sort of antique worldview. However, this view itself involves a value judgment, though it is often portrayed as a neutral starting point for academic studies. While the secular standpoint certainly has its uses, it can sometimes also crowd out other perspectives. 

Hockey, Sports

Hockey culture is missing the mark on anti-racism

Just days before the jersey retirement of Willie O’Ree on Jan. 18, the first Black player in the NHL, the professional hockey world was confronted with two appalling acts of racism. On Jan. 12, Montreal-born Boko Imama, a forward for the Tucson Roadrunners in the American Hockey League, was harassed by San Jose Barracudas forward Krystof Hrabik with a racist taunt. Shortly after, on Jan. 22, videos from an East Coast Hockey League game began circulating the internet, showing Jacksonville Icemen’s Jacob Panetta making “monkey gestures” toward South Carolina Stingrays defenceman Jordan Subban, while fans chanted racial slurs. 

The next day, the NHL released a brief statement in response, calling the incidents “abhorrent.” But at what point do the NHL’s words lose their meaning? The league’s championing of the “Hockey is For Everyone” initiative has been heavily scrutinized by members of the Hockey Diversity Alliance (HDA), and for good reason: The NHL is failing to support its racialized players and actively campaign for anti-racism. 

In their most recent initiative, the HDA launched the #TapeOutHate campaign to shed light the racism that permeates hockey culture. Current players Matt Dumba, Nazem Kadri, Wayne Simmonds, and Anthony Duclair, along with former Calgary Flame Akim Aliu, shared their encounters with racism within the sport. The commercial aired on Jan. 8, but the NHL and NHLPA’s decision not to take part in the campaign left the players unable to wear any NHL-licensed gear in the promotional material, leading many to question the NHL’s true priorities. 

In a statement on Twitter, Boko Imama joined others in their criticisms, writing: “My hope is that people learn from this and that some day hockey will truly be for everyone.” 

In a conversation with The McGill Tribune, Nathaniel Brooks, associate coach of the Ryerson Rams men’s hockey team, head coach of the Minor Bantam Don Mills Flyers, and founder of Direction Hockey, discussed his disappointment with the hockey community’s collective response to last week’s incidents. 

“Everybody just needs to put their plans and their words into action,” Brooks said. “I feel like we’re in a time now where we go on social media, and we tweet something with the hashtag, and we feel like our work is done. But when you really, really look deeply, there’s not much action being taken.”

Following the incident with Subban, many news outlets took it upon themselves to write redemption narratives, often citing Panetta’s “lack of intent” in his defence. Debates over Panetta’s suspension from the rest of season in the comment sections of related posts have fostered animosity toward the targeted players. This media circus has, in turn, drawn attention away from Subban’s unequivocal account of Saturday’s events. 

In contrast to the lack of action taken by the NHL at the community level, Brooks is working to create more dynamic and inclusive hockey programming in the Greater Toronto Area. 

Seaside Hockey, founded by Brooks, his father Kirk Brooks, and former NHL member Anthony Stewart, is a program based out of Scarborough that works to make the sport more accessible. 

“[Seaside is] the next step for us,” Brooks said. “I think everyone now is aware of the situations that certain individuals of colour get into playing the game. It’s time to take those experiences, take the resources that we’re gaining at the top level, and put it into the grassroots level to create that kind of safe zone for the kids coming in. We’re past the point of words, and it’s time to take action.” 

The trickle-up effect of grassroots organizing is just as vital to diversifying hockey as the trickle-down initiatives at the university level. At McGill, across both the men’s and women’s hockey teams, there is only one Black player. Moreover, the Athletics and Recreation ran Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Focus Groups throughout 2021, but there has been a complete lack of action and transparency regarding their findings. McGill Athletics must do more to foster a more diverse hockey environment both at the university and within the Montreal community.

Editorial, Opinion

Raising awareness will not end the mental health crisis

CW: Suicide, mental illness

Jan. 26 marked the 12th annual Bell Let’s Talk day, an initiative designed by multi-billion dollar telecommunications company Bell that fundraises and spreads awareness about mental health. Despite the importance of destigmatizing mental illness, the reality of Bell’s actions cheapen their purported belief in championing mental health. But even beyond the problems inherent to the company itself, any effort that seeks to bring awareness to the issue of mental health without addressing its structural factors is destined to fail. 

Bell’s campaign is engineered to co-opt “awareness” as a marketing tool. The company pledges to donate five cents for calls and texts conducted over their networks, along with social media engagement with the #BellLetsTalk hashtag. Despite being one of the largest telecommunications corporations in Canada, with assets sitting at around $60 billion, its largest actual contribution toward its mental health campaign are its relative pocket change donations—this year clocking in at $8 million. Bell, like many other large corporations that engage in these kinds of initiatives, donates pennies of their overall profits and uses these good deeds for tax write-offs and PR.

Even if we are to give Bell the benefit of the doubt regarding its intentions, the campaign’s sincerity is completely undermined by the exploitation of its employees every other day of the year. In recent years, employees have broken the silence, coming forward with countless reports of toxicity in the workplace, including allegations that Bell denies disability accommodations and puts much pressure on their employees—sometimes so much that they suffer physical consequences as extreme as vomiting blood. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the company also let go of hundreds of employees with no concern for their mental or financial well-being. 

Bell’s activities are even more sinister outside of the work environment: The company exploits incarcerated people, charging exorbitant rates for telephone calls in and out of prisons. Some families have reported paying over $700 monthly just to be able to speak to their loved ones who are incarcerated. Bell’s utter disrespect for those in prisons, who are already at a higher risk of mental illness themselves, further proves that while those who may be reposting campaign graphics to social media may earnestly care about mental health, Bell does not. 

Treating mental health as a problem that ends with awareness has proven to be an incomplete strategy. Despite a consistent rise in engagement over the years, a study conducted between 2011 and 2016 found that the campaign has been ineffective at reducing suicide rates in Ontario. And even though Bell does donate to meaningful treatment and research initiatives across Canada, the relatively small donation provided annually can do little to address the ongoing mental health crisis in the grand scheme of things. Even if the company is unwilling to donate more, the initiative’s organizers should try to address the systemic factors that contribute to growing rates of mental illness and suicide, such as income inequality, job insecurity, and lack of access to proper health services.

While less so the case over the past few years, McGill has publicly taken part in Bell Let’s Talk in the past. The irony of its support for the initiative is clear, considering that the university has consistently ignored student pleas to improve their mental health services. But perhaps it should not be surprising––always concerned with optics, McGill is quick to advertise their alleged vast array of services. And much like how Bell has the resources to do much more good than its current campaign can, the university is well-positioned to make a genuine positive impact on its students’ lives by offering better services and increasing efforts to shift its stone-cold, competitive culture. But instead, it continues to prioritize cost-saving measures and donor appeasal. 

Students should not be fooled by self-serving PR stunts, whether they come from McGill or major corporations like Bell. Addressing mental health is structural and urgent, and should be treated as such.

Science & Technology

Researchers pinpoint a gene variant that could provide increased protection against severe COVID-19

It is well known that a person’s genome can predispose them to certain diseases—but can also provide increased protection against other diseases. Geneticists have recently observed that a particular haplotype, a chunk of DNA that encodes several genes, is protective in nature against COVID-19 and results in a reduced risk of becoming critically ill upon infection with the virus. 

This haplotype, which encodes genes involved in immune regulation, was inherited from Neanderthals by almost half of people currently living outside Africa, according to a study published in the first year of the pandemic. This meant that people of African ancestry potentially did not share the same protection as those with the inherited gene variant.

The study identifying the protective haplotype was conducted mainly on individuals of European ancestry, so its implications could not be extended to the world population. Finding out which exact gene variant is responsible for the conferred protection is very important for prevention and treatment. Researchers, including those from McGill, zoomed in on this objective, focussing on smaller DNA regions within the haplotype. They analyzed the DNA from individuals of a larger swath of ancestries and observed that the pattern of inheritance of this haplotype was unique in African ancestry, and decided to find more African participants. 

Since the gene variant inheritance occurred only after Neanderthals migrated out of Africa, the researchers studied the DNA of individuals with African ancestry who only share a small segment of this Neanderthal-derived haplotype. The researchers found that individuals of African ancestry had the same protection against COVID-19 as those with European ancestry, indicating that the genes present in this shared piece of DNA might be the ones responsible. The analysis included a total of 2,787 hospitalized COVID-19 patients of African ancestry and 130,997 people in a control group from six different cohort studies. Eighty per cent of individuals of African ancestry carried the protective variant. 

Narrowing in on the smaller DNA segment, researchers pinpointed a causal genetic variant in individuals of African ancestry. A variant of the gene OAS1 determines the length of the encoded OAS1 protein, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in anti-viral mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that in individuals with increased levels of circulating OAS1, there is reduced risk of COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.

“We now need to look for compounds which can increase the levels of this particular OAS1 isoform, so that the severity risks involved in COVID-19 infections are reduced,” Dr. Guillaume Butler-Laporte, one of the co-authors on this paper and a clinician scientist in the Richards Lab at McGill, said in an interview with The McGill Tribune.

Butler-Laporte also emphasized the importance of studying cohorts of individuals from different ancestries, as most studies usually focus on individuals of European ancestry due to the white supremacist roots of institutional science. In fact, COVID-19 research is especially important for supporting BIPOC communities as they have faced higher rates of hospitalization and mortality since the beginning of the pandemic. 

Research looking into the genetic underpinnings of variations in immunity is therefore crucial to understanding how to best protect different populations. Figuring out how to apply this new knowledge as a potential preventative tool represents an important research frontier. 

“At this point, we have discovered this specific isoform of OAS1 and we know that it is better at killing the virus SARS-CoV2,” Butler-Laporte said. “So, the question now is that can we make a chemical drug that can specifically raise the level of this particular isoform of OAS1.”

Some compounds, such as PD12 inhibitors, are able to increase the level of this gene variant, but this has yet to be tested in live organisms. Using this information as a guide, other researchers in the field could gain a better understanding of the OAS1 variant’s role in mediating the immune system’s response to viral attacks. 

Football, Sports

Ben Roethlisberger is retiring from an NFL different from the one he started in

Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger played the final game of his career on Jan. 16, losing 42-21 to the Kansas City Chiefs. While he put up a respectable statline of 215 yards, scored two touchdowns, and had no interceptions on a 66 per cent completion rate, Roethlisberger had a measly 4.8 yards per attempt, and his touchdowns only came after the Chiefs were already well in the lead. Just as it was throughout the season, Pittsburgh’s offence was lacklustre and outdated, relying on screen passes and high-end defensive talent to score points. In the end, Roethlisberger ranked just 31st out of the 32 starting quarterbacks this season.

It seems that as Roethlisberger retires, other NFL quarterbacks of old are contemplating their own fates. Tom Brady and Aaron Rodgers, though playing well, are 44 and 37 years old respectively, and when they leave, the NFL will have few of the old guard left to connect it to the previous generation. Where will the NFL go from here? 

Football fan Théo Chambon, U1 Arts, has noticed the modern NFL progressing toward a pass-heavy, athletic offensive scheme.

“The NFL is going through a phase where the level of [athleticism] in the league is much more homogenous than what it used to be,” Chambon said. “Since you know it’s harder to be above others in terms of athleticism and individual play, the teams are forced to rely more on, and develop, a more concrete and deep passing game.” 

Chambon’s perception is not just a trick of the eye—the modern NFL is vastly different from the NFL of Roethlisberger’s prime. More points are scored, more passing touchdowns are completed, and young quarterbacks like Joe Burrow are expected to be agile and routinely make explosive plays. 

Roethlisberger and the Steelers, however, have been lacking this modern style of play in recent years. Lindsey Kamienik, U0 Arts & Science and a Pittsburgh native, feels that the lack of a passing threat has been endemic for the struggling Steelers offence.

“My personal opinion and the majority of the consensus in Pittsburgh is that Ben played pretty badly this season, but that was expected with his age and attrition after 18 years with us,” Kamienik said. “I think we all knew back in 2019 after [his] shoulder injury that Ben was at the end of his time in the NFL.”

The Steelers’ offensive problems have also been exacerbated by Roethlisberger’s deteriorating mobility. Some fans, such as Chambon, note that this contrasts with the modern ideal of an agile quarterback. 

“QBs like Lamar [Jackson], and [Michael] Vick in his time, have [shown] that a running and rushing QB is a possibility,” Chambon remarked. “[Another] great example of this is [Patrick] Mahomes. He is known for his crazy passing ability and vision but the guy can also rush when necessary.”

Nonetheless, Pittsburgh’s problems are not the reason why Steelers fans like Kamienik have felt discontent with recent NFL seasons. Among other things, many fans find that unfair overtime rules take away from the excitement of the game.

“I would say based on the way this season has gone, overtime rules need to be revised,” Kamienik said. “The team who wins the coin toss gets the ball first and that means if they score a [touchdown], it’s game over. Overall, I feel that the modern NFL has been on the decline over the last couple of years.”

The controversial overtime rules are especially prominent in light of last week’s Bills-Chiefs game, where the Bills lost the coin toss and were not allowed to respond after the Chiefs scored on the first overtime drive. Despite the questionable rules, the deep-ball focus of today’s league has garnered support from fans.

“I’m always more in awe when I see someone catch a 60-yard hail mary than a 10-yard pass,” Chambon remarked.

Though opinions diverge on the modern NFL’s increased reliance on passing and dubious rules, one thing is for certain: Roethlisberger’s final year has not been enough to discredit what he has accomplished, and the legacy of the era he represents will not disappear after his retirement. 

“While it was [a] frustrating season for [Steelers fans], Ben is a Pittsburgh icon and is treated in that respect,” Kamienik said.

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