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Student Life

Falling in love with Montreal’s parks

Many students are at a loss for places to catch-up with friends and maintain a social life while staying safe during the ongoing pandemic. Parks are the perfect place for students to ensure their safety and enjoy the fall in Montreal. While the sun is still shining and the leaves are beginning to change shades, the many beautiful parks throughout the city allow for easy social distancing, whether used for studying, resting, or simply mingling with friends. Here’s The McGill Tribune’s list of no-brainer spots to chill that are close to campus, along with a couple of hidden gems.

 1. Mont Royal Park

Although this might seem like an obvious first choice, this Montreal namesake is incomparable. Overlooking the city, Mont Royal has both beautiful vistas and sprawling green space. Mont Royal boasts many unique attractions, including Beaver Lake, a sculpture garden, the Montreal Cross, and an observation deck. The hike up the mountain is also a great way for students to exercise, with the added benefit of allowing people to socially distance themselves from their friends. A sunrise hike to the top of Mont Royal is a must before graduating from McGill. Other than the standard Kondiaronk Belvedere and Colline de la Croix lookouts, students can access the Camillien-Houde Boulevard lookout by car for a more accessible route with an equally beautiful view.

2. Parc La Fontaine  

For those looking to venture into the Plateau or for students who live nearby, Parc La Fontaine is a must-visit. Spanning 84 acres with two connected ponds and, as the name suggests, a fountain, this park is waiting to be explored. Perfect for socially distanced picnics, walks with friends through the gardens, or as an addition to a running route, Parc La Fontaine is teeming with weekend potential. While the onsite restaurant and chalet are closed due to current public health recommendations, there are still sport courts free to use throughout the park. 

3. Rutherford Park 

This park is ranked third solely on its spectacular view, available without the effort of hiking up a mountain. Located at the top of McTavish Street, this easily-walkable park looks over McGill, downtown Montreal, and if you look carefully enough, Old Port. Additionally, the park has a soccer field free of charge when the field is vacant. For availability, check out the McGill Athletics Calendar.

4. Parc du Portugal 

This park is small, but mighty. Located off of St. Dominique and St. Laurent Blvd, Parc du Portugal consists of a quaint gazebo surrounded by walkways and several tiled benches. Parc du Portugal was also one of Leonard Cohen’s favorite spots in Montreal. Right off the bustling St. Laurent Blvd, this safe escape is great for enjoying takeout meals with friends or relaxing after visiting the nearby stores and restaurants. While the park is lovely in and of itself, the street artwork that adorns the surrounding area is also worth the visit. 

5. The Playground at Old Port 

This park is located in Old Montreal, overlooking the St. Lawrence River and the Montreal Observation Wheel. While there are many lovely squares and parks throughout Old Montreal, The Playground at Old Port made the list due to its picturesque river view and its vacation-like feel. Located right on the water and often full of tourists, this park can help trick students into thinking they are on vacation for the day. With a playground and ample space to sit along the river, this beautiful location is perfect for socially-distanced gatherings. Additionally, the walk from McGill down to the river is a great escape from the monotony of student life.

6. Jeanne Mance Park 

While most students have probably either been to or passed by Jeanne Mance Park, this is nonetheless a beautiful spot to visit all year long. With scenic views of the sunset and trees ready for autumn’s glow, this park is a central meeting spot between the Milton Parc neighbourhood, the Plateau, Outremont, and the Mile End. Additionally, the park has many sports courts that the public can reserve

7. Dorchester Square 

This downtown park is a short walk off of St. Catherine Street, at the corner of Peel Street and René-Lévesque Boulevard West. Whether students are back-to-school shopping and need an outdoor break, or just looking for green space in downtown Montreal, Dorchester Square is the place. Flanked by renaissance style buildings, including the Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral, this spot is great for catching up with friends or simply enjoying the fresh air.

Formula 1, Sports

A love letter to Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve

Formula One weekend dominates Montreal in June, with groups of tourists wearing team-branded caps meandering around the city, and taking in the sights. This year, Formula One weekend was cancelled, along with all the events that surround it. Roaring engines, cheering crowds, and screeching tires have been replaced by the clicking of free-wheeling bikes and rustling trees near the race track. 

With Formula One weekend called off, one might expect Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve—the 4.3-kilometre-long track on Île Notre-Dame—to lay idle and gather dust. Anyone who frequents the island, however, knows that this is not the case. For decades, the race track has been converted to a closed cycling route when not in use. While most public gatherings have been shut down this summer due to COVID-19, the cycling community has thrived. 

Every day, Montrealers young and old don their colourful spandex cycling kits, clip in to their pedals, and bike over Pont Jacques-Cartier to the circuit where dozens of cyclists, putting in laps, are waiting for one more person to join their pack.

Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve was constructed in 1978 for the Canadian Grand Prix following growing safety concerns with the previous track, Ontario’s Mosport Park. Montreal’s track was built on roads constructed earlier for Expo 67, and was ideally located near the city. Since its construction, the track has become an adaptable and versatile venue for sports, the arts, music, and nature preservation. 

The Circuit offers a cycling experience that is truly like no other. The closed path is a space for pedestrians and cyclists only, providing a stress-free environment for anything from a promenade to a high-intensity tempo workout. The gently curving roads make for an exceptional riding experience, offering an escape from the city.

Since its inception, the track has developed a reputation for intense cycling competition and training. Teams from the national to the university levels, including Cycling Canada, and McGill Cycling, regularly hold training and racing sessions on the circuit. These teams take advantage of the ideal road conditions and high caliber of competitive riders that the circuit attracts. The widely used cycling app Strava has publically available Heatmaps, which visualize the frequency at which a route is used. Strava has made evident that this track is one of the most heavily-used cycling roads in Montreal.

President of McGill Cycling Nick Kleban shares this enthusiasm for the circuit.

“The Circuit-Giles Villeneuve is definitely one of the go-to riding spots in Montreal,” Kleban said in a message to The McGill Tribune. “It provides cyclists with an easily accessible location to ride and train away from the regular city traffic. It also acts as a hub to meet other local cycling enthusiasts [….] Riders flock there for everything from easy spins to fast group rides. Historically [it is] one of McGill Cycling’s staple rides, [and as such] the Team Points Race (TPR) was hosted every Tuesday morning on the track.”

Anyone looking to see the track at its busiest should head over on a Wednesday night. Cyclists from all around the city congregate at Cafe Le Club, drink espresso, and head across the bridge for a night of cycling. Pace lines form, grow, and kick their bikes into their highest gears, all in an attempt to break coveted speed records on Strava. 

So beloved is the circuit that in 2017, when the city attempted to cease bike access to the track, cyclists banded together to preserve their home. The closure came from the Société du Parc Jean-Drapeau, who had safety concerns regarding the construction of a 65,000-seat amphitheater nearby. A Facebook group with nearly 6,000 members banded together to voice their grievances. With the help of groups like Vélo Québec, a non-profit bike promoting group, they succeeded in keeping the track open. Since then, the circuit has remained open every summer.

The circuit has also provided a fantastic place to display outdoor art installations. In the surrounding park there are several sculpture gardens showcasing Indigenous art, modern sculpture, and outdoor photography exhibits. Many of the exhibitions feature the work of local artists. 

So whether you’re a serious cyclist, casual Bixi-er, or just looking for a nice walk, make the journey over to Parc Jean-Drapeau and take advantage of the open road, art installations, and city views before the snow sets in.

Commentary, Opinion

Study Hubs fail to reconcile safety and accessibility

At first glance, McGill’s Study Hub initiative seemed like a good idea: Students would be able to access study spaces multiple times a week in three-hour slots. All spaces would be sanitized, and groups and food would be prohibited to guarantee everyone’s safety. The news gave me a sense of relief—I would not have to spend a whole semester looking at the same white wall in front of my desk. However, my first impression of the hubs was clouded by privilege. I decided that the hubs were useful and effective because they served my needs. But this does not cancel out the fact that McGill’s planning of the study hubs is exclusionary and ill-informed.

The first issue with the hubs is their lack of availability. The most recent from 2019 report indicates that there are 34,209 students at McGill. Because of the pandemic, many students will not start the Fall 2020 semester in Montreal—which, despite the bleak circumstances, is good news for the students planning to access the library as there may be less of a scramble for spots. However, it is unclear how many students will need to access the new study spaces. Furthermore, McGill failed to consult students as to how many will need to use on-campus study spaces, pointing to its lack of preparation. There are clearly not enough seats, and as midterms and finals approach, getting a spot will be even more difficult.

Furthermore, during the pandemic, demand for mental health services has risen among young people and minorities. Factors like mental illness, learning disabilities, and difficult situations at home can make studying nearly impossible. Mental health was already a problem at McGill before the pandemic. The combination of mental health difficulties and low accessibility to quiet study spaces can seriously affect students’ academic performances. McGill’s initiative should have prioritized the students who need it the most by giving those registered with the OSD first access to appointments for the Study Hubs, and by better researching the needs of its student body before the beginning of the Fall 2020 semester.

Moreover, even the available study spaces are exclusionary. Being able to go to the library for only three hours is a privilege directly linked to geographic location, which is in turn related to socio-economic status. Students who lost their jobs or whose families are financially burdened may have had to live with more roommates, move far away from campus, or work long shifts,  all of which can impair studying. Commuting for an hour and a half each way to study at Redpath is just not worth it.

Students need a stable study space to succeed. Yet, the study hubs mainly serve students living close to campus, who do not have other full-time responsibilities like parenting or a job, and who can mould their schedule around a three-hour study session. Finding the balance between safety and accessibility concerns should have been considered with accessibility in mind. Assuming public safety protocols remain the same in the coming months, McGill must make an effort to repurpose more of its space to safely accommodate more of its students, particularly those with disabilities and financial difficulties. Students should not be carrying the burden of McGill’s omissions. 

Commentary, Opinion

Online learning must prioritize accessibility

Like many students, I found myself returning home before the end of the Winter 2020 semester. Recognizing that these unique circumstances presented an opportunity, I decided to enroll in courses during the summer semester. This was both a wise idea and a horrible one. Having never been to my parents’ new home—a supposedly temporary apartment—I quickly discovered that my new bed was a couch, and my accommodation was the living room. Yet, I pressed on with the courses, wanting the credits, and discovered exactly what many are experiencing now; remote, online learning presents a unique set of accessibility barriers that McGill must help students adjust to.

For myself, these challenges included dogs barking in the background, taking final exams tucked away in the closet, and stressing as our erratic wifi turned off, and on, and then off again. Add to this mix ADHD, a small handful of physical illnesses, and bickering with my family, and it presented a potent cocktail of unfortunate circumstances, all of which came together to impact my learning experience. While the McGill student body may not be experiencing exactly what I did, accessibility issues are a broad enough category to affect many students, from financial issues to health.

Affordability remains a large barrier in the way of accessibility. For example, wireless capabilities and secure housing are necessary for a stable learning environment, but some lack the former at home, while the latter can be jeopardized by evictions and a lack of income that have resulted due to COVID-19. Even for students with a home, the size of their residence can influence their academics. I had to sit in a closet for any chance of peace and quiet while taking the final exams for both my winter and summer semester, and I could still hear the voices of my parents who were working from home. This profoundly affected my concentration. 

Similarly, American students attempting to return to Montreal also face barriers at the Canada-U.S. border, as often even those with housing arrangements are turned away. This forces parents and students to gamble on the decision to come to Montreal without assurance that they will be admitted, which many parents who post frequently on the McGill International Parent Community Facebook page have reported.

Disabilities and health complications also pose unique challenges to accessibility when it comes to remote learning. Automated speech recognition, such as closed captioning on lecture recordings, can be inaccurate, leaving deaf students who rely on such resources behind. Appointments at the Student Wellness Hub are solely for those residing in Montreal, leaving both international students and other Canadians without support. 

Finances and disabilities can often intersect. While the Office for Students with Disabilities (OSD) has compiled a large list of frequently asked questions, their efforts only go so far. For example, the OSD cannot pay for better internet access, but they can certainly attempt to assist with technical issues by contacting professors to request extra time for assignments. Students may not even be able to afford to get medical documentation that will allow them to register with the OSD, as fees may present too great a barrier. These issues are further compounded by the significant effects that the pandemic has had on the labour market, with roughly half of all Quebec businesses having had to lay off employees.

This pandemic has exposed deep flaws in McGill’s efforts to advance accessibility, and we must demand the administration to do better. Even simple changes such as better communication and funding note-takers and closed caption editors can do a world of good for many students who need support during this time.

Creative

McGill Explained: Philanthropy

In the first episode of McGill Explained, Multimedia Editor Alex Hinton dives into the reasons that cause people to make such large donations to universities, and highlights some of the stories behind the names of McGill buildings that have become part of everyday vocabulary.

Features

Super Marché Brito, the last dep on earth

In the summer before my third year of university, the nearest dépanneur to my apartment was Super Marché Brito. One summer’s day, my roommates and I approached the owner, Tim Maherpour, asking him if he was going to be open on Canada Day (in case we needed to get more beer and charcoal for our grill).

Research Briefs, Science & Technology

Detecting tiny cracks can reveal the potential of new technologies

The properties of materials, from the plastic in water bottles to the metal beams of skyscrapers, are determined by their microscopic structure. However, most substances are not perfectly uniform and rather contain a significant number of minuscule defects. These imperfections play a large role in determining the physical properties of the material, including its strength and durability.

These faults can be extremely difficult to discern, particularly with regards to optical technologies that function using light to observe nanoscopic surfaces. To retrieve relevant information on these interactions, it is necessary to visualize the microscopic structure of materials on the scale of femtoseconds and nanometers. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, and a femtosecond is a millionth of a billionth of a second.

Peter Grutter, chair of the Department of Physics at McGill, directs the Grutter research group, which focusses on developing cutting-edge microscopes that harness the interaction of light and matter to visualize the nanoscopic surface of materials. Although observing physical defects is essential to ensuring the quality of a wide range of technologies, such as cameras and fibre optics, Grutter is particularly interested in its potential to improve solar cells

“It’s not only by using less energy that we’re going to have a more sustainable society, […] there is a need in society to generate energy.” Grutter said in an interview with The McGill Tribune.

One visualization method involves the combination of two different advanced technologies: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultrafast light. Developed in collaboration with the Cooke THz lab at McGill, this technique allows more powerful visualization than other leading techniques. AFM is a form of extremely high resolution scanning that uses a physical probe to examine the microscopic surface of a material. The AFM tip, the “finger” of the microscope, scans a sample similarly to how one could use their actual finger to feel a rock for cracks. 

To achieve both the time and size accuracy required to detect these cracks, the group incorporated the use of ultrafast lasers. In this method, a laser pulse is directed toward the sample, which causes the electrons in the material to oscillate in what is known as optical stimulation. This generates an electric polarization, where the positive and negative charges of the material separate. These charge separations are then detected by the AFM tip without the need to make physical contact with the substance, ultimately allowing researchers to image its substructure.

Grutter’s current work focusses on nonlinear materials, those which polarize unevenly in response to high light intensities. The group’s most recent paper concerns the imaging of a specific material called lithium niobate, which is frequently used in cell phone components. In the future, the research group aims to expand the technology’s use to a wide range of common materials.

A major potential application of the new method is solar cell technology. Solar cells use organic compounds, molecules that contain bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms, that can receive or donate an electron to generate electricity. Modern chemistry techniques can create synthetic organic molecules, which have a wide range of structures and properties. Unfortunately, theoretical modeling of such synthetic substances is still imperfect, and fully understanding their properties requires them to actually exist. Grutter aims to move past that need all together.

“If you understand, it essentially means you can actually predict stuff quantitatively [and] correctly,” Grutter said.

Grutter hopes that the ability to fully visualize the structure of existing organic molecules in all their imperfections will allow for models with enhanced predictive power. This would allow chemists to better understand a theoretical material’s properties without even having to create it, greatly accelerating the discovery of new substances. 

“I think there’s an ethical responsibility to somehow, in the long-term at least, have some sort of return on investment [on resources put into research],” Grutter said. “In the long-term, I think it’s actually important that we contribute to society.”

Martlets, Men's Varsity, Sports

RSEQ cancels fall seasons, athletes and staff wait await news on winter sports

On Sept. 14. the RSEQ announced the cancellation of all university sports in Quebec, adding to the June 8 U SPORTS announcement of the cancellation of all national championships in the Fall 2020 season. No RSEQ-sanctioned competitions will take place until at least Dec. 31. The league was originally scheduled to make an announcement about the potential fall season on Aug. 31, but decided to push it back by two weeks in order to monitor the effects of students returning to Montreal. Stéphane Boudreau, Deputy Director-General of the RSEQ, had previously emphasized the fluidity of the situation. 

“As of today, they’re supposed to be able to play on [Sept.] 14, but everything could change the Friday before,” Boudreau told The Montreal Gazette in an article published on Sept.1.

With many students returning to Montreal from different provinces and countries, the risk of a spike in COVID-19 cases is high. According to CBC News, Montreal has already seen a rise in cases, and on Sept. 11, Quebec reported 244 cases, the highest number of daily cases in over three months. RSEQ decision-makers delayed an announcement in order to evaluate the full effect of students returning to school before making a definite decision on the fate of the Fall 2020 season. 

The Sept. 14 decision explained the reasoning behind the cancellation, as well as the scope.

“After having analyzed all possible scenarios, members of the university sector of the RSEQ announce the cancellation of sanctioned sports programming until December 31, 2020,” the statement said. “This difficult decision made by members of the RSEQ university sector is based primarily on the regional alert system, which may limit the participation of universities, even if said institutions effectively manage health-and-safety best practices.”

The announcement, however, did leave exceptions for lower-risk sports activities.

“To keep student-athletes engaged, members of the RSEQ university sector will permit activities involving at least two different teams in the following sports: Cross-country, golf, and soccer—thus giving universities the flexibility to evolve at their own pace and with their own realities. However, due to universities’ level of risk management, no inter-team activities will be permitted in football and rugby,” the statement said.

Staff and athletes are now waiting for an announcement by the RSEQ regarding the winter sports’ seasons, which is anticipated to be released on Oct. 15.

Third-year track and field sprinter Stephanie Susinski looks forward to returning to practice, but does not want to get her hopes up with so much uncertainty regarding a return date for competition.

“I’m excited for practices to start up again,” Susinski said in an interview with the The McGill Tribune. “I’m trying to take things one step at a time because, as we’ve all been too familiar with recently, plans are subject to change [on] short notice, so nobody can really say how the season will play out.” 

With nearly all fall sports cancelled, spectators and athletes alike will miss out on events such as homecoming and playoff competition. Athletes and coaches will continue to wait out the hiatus and train on their own times to maintain momentum heading into a tentative winter season. If the winter season goes forward, it will be drastically different than prior years, as all teams must continue to follow government health directives and adjust to the continually changing public health situation. As much as athletes want to return to competing, health and safety remains the top priority.

Editorial, Opinion

Zoom University threatens to leave students behind

During the last two weeks, students were welcomed back to a McGill that no one had ever seen before. Across time zones throughout Canada and around the world, frantic searching for class locations was replaced with anxious scrambling for Zoom links as students and academic staff struggled to adapt to the realities of remote course delivery. Despite the notable efforts of many professors, teaching assistants, and other instructors to prepare for the online semester, students have experienced issues that should alarm educational staff. Inconsistencies in regulations on course delivery methods have sowed widespread frustration and confusion. From onerous assessment procedures to unusual departures from normal class scheduling, these inconveniences caused by remote delivery are rapidly mutating into an accessibility issue. McGill must act now to address these concerns and work to ensure that its policies are more equitable, responsive, and accessible to students.

Aside from a handful of Zoom town halls, students have been left to make sense of the vague descriptions contained in emails sent via Deputy Provost (Student Life & Learning) Fabrice Labeau’s listserv alone. Assessment policies vary widely at the departmental level, and with different conference and lab facilitation formats, scheduling has become a nightmare for some students who have had to account for these discrepancies in their planning. Moreover, many professors have been uploading lecture recordings outside of scheduled course times, further complicating matters. Some have also exceeded the allotted time for their lectures while others have uploaded lectures as little as half as long as a normal one. 

Such inconsistencies have only added further confusion and stress to the already strained circumstances of remote learning. Some professors have mandated—or structured their courses as to nearly necessitate—attendance in conferences, notwithstanding McGill’s policies designed to accommodate students living in different time zones. Professors are not to blame for these problems, however: They stem from misunderstandings resulting from poor communication between faculty, administrators, and other academic staff. Clear articulation to students and staff alike of the policies currently in effect is evidently necessary.

It is imperative that students no longer be left in the dark, especially as plans for the winter semester are finalized. Whether online or in person, McGill is paid for in great part by student tuition dollars. In fact, considering that McGill has not reduced tuition this year, despite the online format, and that international students’ tuition has actually increased, consulting students and clearly communicating operations ought to be the bare minimum. 

Broader accessibility concerns are even more prohibitive. Students who require accommodations through the Office for Students with Disabilities (OSD), for example, are particularly vulnerable to falling behind with coursework. Consequently, services such as those provided by OSD Note Takers are more critical than ever. Students were calling for McGill to compensate note-takers fairly before the pandemic. For McGill to continue to ignore their demands now, when their work is so obviously essential, would be careless and disgraceful. 

Of course, internet inaccessibility and distracting or unstable home environments remain equally formidable barriers to students this semester. Instructors must be cognizant of these obstacles and accommodate students experiencing such difficulties. But the onus is on faculty administrations to responsibly guide their students and staff. And while clear communication of policies and plans is important, it alone is not a solution. Nor is hiring students to help facilitate remote instruction, though this may be helpful, because many of these problems extend beyond technical difficulties. McGill should consider reinstating the Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) option for all courses, as was done at the end of the Winter 2020 semester. Above all, McGill must make an effort to prevent misunderstandings by coordinating departmental guidelines and enforcing scheduling structures.

At the same time, students must recognize professors and staff who are taking measures to combat these problems. McGill’s librarians, for instance, should be commended for using software such as HathiTrust to make print resources available to students around the world. Through mutual compassion and diligent communication, the McGill community can navigate the online semester. A return to any semblance of McGill as we once knew it can only be assured through effective solutions to the problems already apparent from the last two weeks, and the entire McGill community should be united with this goal in mind.

Commentary, Opinion

Quebec’s businesses and linguistic minorities need protection during COVID-19

Since gaining a majority government in the 2018 election, the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ)  has advanced a nationalistic agenda for the province, with one of their principal initiatives being the reinforcement of the primacy of the French language. Most recently, a report found that 40 per cent of Quebec businesses prefer employees who are fluent in English, agitating party officials such as French Language Minister Simon Jolin-Barrette. In response, he pledged to implement a series of stringent measures to protect the French language, particularly in Montreal, where the rate of companies that prefer English fluency stands at 63 per cent. Among these proposed measures is Bill 104, a measure that compels government bodies and crown corporations to deliver written communications exclusively in French. However, it is clear that such policies would harm businesses and minority populations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

It is difficult to believe that the French language could be under threat in a province where nearly 95 per cent of people speak the language fluently. Jolin-Barrette argued that stronger measures are necessary to maintain French as Quebec’s official language of business, but the statistics that he cited to illustrate this need were misleading. He created a false equivalence between a business requiring a knowledge of English as opposed to merely preferring it. The survey found that only nine per cent of Quebec businesses turned down a candidate because they could not speak English. Although these studies are reminders that bilingualism is an asset for employees in a globalized economy, they are not sufficient evidence to suggest that French is at risk of being replaced as the primary language of business in the province.

The legislation that Jolin-Barrette is suggesting would be detrimental to a provincial economy that has already been devastated by COVID-19. Quebec was hit harder than any other province by the pandemic, causing a record deficit in the provincial government’s budget. With the economic situation still so dire, the CAQ should instead focus its attention on rebuilding businesses, not hampering them with bureaucratic measures such as legislating which languages they communicate or advertise in.

Moreover, the CAQ’s policy of cutting English services to promote the French language could have serious consequences for McGill students. Restricting these services to historic anglophone communities, which Premier François Legault defined as individuals whose parents attended English schools in Quebec, would exclude many members of McGill’s English-speaking community. This could make it difficult for them to understand notices from government agencies such as Hydro-Québec or health services. 

Indeed, the CAQ’s language politics have already had serious consequences during the pandemic. Despite promising that historic anglophone communities could continue to receive English services, certain COVID-19 information pamphlets were distributed exclusively in French throughout the province, putting those who do not have access to online information at risk. 

The policy of denying many English speakers access to English services markedly differs from the treatment of linguistic minority populations in other parts of the country. Consider Ontario’s French Language Services Act, which protects the right of citizens to receive government services in French. The Act applies to counties and districts with francophone populations of at least 10 per cent, as well as any cities with a population of five thousand or more francophones. This means that native francophones in Toronto can receive services in French even though they comprise only 1.3 per cent of the city’s population. By contrast, 13 per cent of Montrealers speak English as a first language, yet not all of them can be counted as part of the historic anglophone community that is to be exempted from the CAQ’s measures.

Bill 101 has already ensured the primacy of the French language in Quebec. Ignoring demographic realities, hampering economic growth, and reducing English services is unfair and dangerous, especially during this current time of crisis. The French language is already protected and the CAQ must shift its priorities to protecting all of its citizens and their livelihoods. 

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