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a, Opinion

Faculty of Arts gets short shrift

It may have been two weeks ago, but announcements at the first meeting of the Faculty of Arts Committee concerning the Teaching and Learning Spaces (TLS) budget remain on my mind. At this meeting, Associate Dean Gillian Lane-Mercier announced the results from the TLS working group. For the 2014-2015 year, the IT budget used to upgrade classrooms under the committee has been frozen due to budget cuts. What remains is a general maintenance fund that will be divvied up among all of McGill’s faculties. The Faculty of Arts was described as the “poor cousin” by those leading the committee session, which left me with a sour taste in my mouth. Sure, renovating classrooms for Science, Engineering and even Management students seems, on the face of things, ‘more beneficial.’ But why is this the case?

As a student representative sitting on the committee, I asked the panel at large why a general maintenance budget wasn’t being used to fix lecture halls like Leacock 132, where the floor tiles in the stairs have been known to slide off and the seat tablets are half broken. Professor Christopher Manfredi responded in saying that lecture halls like Leacock 132 are primarily used by Science students, and that Arts students use large lecture halls in Engineering and Medicine buildings as well. It seemed to me like an evasive response. I walked away with the feeling that, because a room like Leacock 132 is used frequently by Science students, the Faculty of Arts doesn’t want to pay to renovate it. However, because it’s an Arts building, the Faculty of Science won’t ever request much-needed renovations. Thus the room is left in near permanent limbo This sounds a lot like a classic political science dilemma surrounding a public good, no?

Lane-Mercier iterated that the faculty’s priority was in fact Arts West 120 and that priority for other rooms will be addressed in the next meeting, as previous priorities will need to be revisited given the tight maintenance budget.

Why is it that Arts is considered the poor cousin in all of these debates? In the year’s first senate meeting, Campaign McGill, the university’s fundraising drive, failed to highlight the notable accomplishments of the Faculty of Arts in attaining alumni, corporation, and other donations. In 2012, the Faculty raised the highest amount of money out of all those on campus, even Medicine. But, Manfredi himself pointed out that Arts has never had a Lorne Trottier or a Marcel Desautels–individual donors and alumni that committed tens of millions to the Engineering and Management faculties, respectively. One student rep asked whether Arts simply failed to produce anyone of the same calibre. Manfredi replied that that certainly wasn’t the case, but that of course they were always working on the issue.

Perhaps I take issues like this more personally than some. Why is the Faculty of Arts, which is training tomorrow’s politicians, economists, writers, anthropologists, historians—just to name a few—so under-prioritized? Why, even normatively speaking, is it harder for me to sell myself as a student of political science than as a student of pharmacology? Is it because my career prospects appear more uncertain?

Perhaps, but this is still disconcerting overall. Such budget constraints and the politics of allocating committees such as the TLS working group will likely ensure that the Faculty of Arts remains the poor cousin at the table. It seems unlikely that we’ll have a Trottier or Desautels coming to our rescue anytime soon.

 

a, Arts & Entertainment

McGill Symphony Orchestra flourishes with triad of pieces

This past Friday marked the opening of the McGill Symphony Orchestra’s 2013-2014 season, led by conductor Alexis Hauser. McGill music students were selected through an intense audition process at the beginning of September, and those who place in the orchestra represent some of McGill’s best talent.

Friday’s program consisted of three contrasting pieces: Verdi’s Overture to La Forza del Destino, Alberto Ginastera’s Harp concerto, Op. 25, performed by McGill concerto competition winner Kristan Toczko, and Dvořák’s Symphony no. 8 in G major.

The brass opened the Verdi with a powerful—and perfectly in tune—unison that effectively captured the audience’s attention. The strings followed in response, and they achieved a clarity and resonance that perfectly represented a professional performance. This piece went magnificently well, with beautiful sonorities coming unanimously from the woodwinds, brass and strings.

The next piece featured harpist Kristan Toczko, winner of the McGill 2012-2013 concerto competition. Toczko performed Ginastera’s harp concerto, a contemporary piece divided into four movements. This piece is percussive and dance-like in nature, and it was highly influenced by Argentinian folk music. It requires a great amount of virtuosity and advanced techniques from the soloist, and Toczko succeeded in this respect, while  still maintaining a high amount of energy throughout her performance. Although the piece itself was overwhelming at times with its rhythmic and melodic complexity, especially in comparison to the Verdi that preceded it, Toczko displayed mastery of both the piece and her instrument.

After the intermission came Dvořák’s Symphony No. 8. The orchestra handled this large undertaking well, with highlight performances from the cello section as well as from concertmaster Elizabeth Skinner. The woodwind section never failed to impress the audience with their tasteful interpretations and communication as a section. However, even though each section performed well individually, the orchestra as a whole lacked the energy and cohesion that was present in the other two pieces. This could obviously be a result of fatigue or nerves, but after the concert’s impressive opening, very high standards were set for the Dvořák, which the orchestra fell just short of attaining.

The McGill Symphony Orchestra has a big year coming up as far as repertoire goes. They will be playing their next concert at the Maison Symphonique, home of the Orchestre Métropolitain and the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, on Nov. 2. I would highly recommend going to a concert at least once this year to catch a glimpse of the amazing talent that McGill students have to offer—at very reasonable price—student tickets are only $10.

a, Sports

Jays must hit reset button

The Toronto Blue Jays’ 2013 season was abysmal. For a team that had World Series aspirations, finishing the season 14 games under .500 is simply embarrassing. What’s even more concerning than going from pre-season favourites to 17.5 games out of the nearest playoff spot is the fact that it appears nothing is going to change heading into the 2014 season. None of the 111 errors (the fifth most in the league) committed last season or the numerous coaching mistakes are as unforgivable as not hitting the reset button on this team.

Simply put, John Gibbons must be fired. It’s unfathomable how this coach has been able to hold onto his job for this long. He steered the Titanic right into the iceberg, and for some reason, the Jays are going to let him captain the ship for another year. It’s evident through Toronto’s league-leading 12 ejections that he did not have control over the team. Unfortunately, this was foreseeable, as Gibbons ended his last coaching stint in Toronto without the respect of key veterans.

Rather than starting another season with John Gibbons at the helm, the Jays should hire Dominican-born and former Cleveland Indians’ manager Manny Acta to lead the team into 2014. Toronto currently has 11 Latino players on their roster, including nine from the Dominican Republic. The hiring of Acta, who has big-league experience and has coached Dominican teams along with numerous Latino players, would be in the Jays’ best interest.

The team’s issues do not end with Gibbons, however; they need an extreme makeover across the board and in the clubhouse. To do this, the Blue Jays need to model this off-season after that of the 2012 Boston Red Sox. Boston was supposed to be a playoff team under new manager Bobby Valentine but the team underachieved, similar to the 2013 Blue Jays. However, the Red Sox identified their strengths and weaknesses, and addressed them through bold trades, free-agent signings, and brought in a new manager (former Blue Jays manager John Farrell) at the end of the season.

The Jays need to do the same thing. Offensive and defensive wins above replaced (WAR), a statistic that shows the number of wins a player brings to his team, reveals that Edwin Encarnación and Colby Rasmus are the Jays’ most valuable players.  Essentially, Toronto needs to rebuild around these two rising stars. The Jays also have to get rid of veterans Jose Bautista, Melky Cabrera, J.P. Arencibia, and R.A. Dickey in order to sign free agent catcher Brian McCann and Canadian first-baseman Justin Morneau. These moves will also open up playing opportunities for the surplus of outfield prospects the team has waiting in the wings.

Fortunately, there is hope for the 2014 Jays. The Red Sox were able to fire on all cylinders as they went from the bottom in the division (69-93) in 2012 to the top of the league (97-65) in 2013. The Jays just need to hit the reset button and build a team that can contend for the 2014 World Series.

— Aaron Rose

a, News

Harvard professor talks role of food in shaping culture

On Oct. 3, Harvard professor and historian of science Stephen Shapin gave a lecture titled “You Are What U Eat” as part of a Mossman Lecture Series hosted by McGill. Over 200 academics, professors, and students gathered at Tanna Schulich Hall to hear Shapin speak on the role of food in shaping identity and culture, and how perspectives towards food have changed since the 17th century.

Shapin, who is best known for co-writing a 1985 book called Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life, has written works of science covering the periods of 17th century England to the modern-day United States.

“Food is a kind of lens through which our way of living has been refracted,” Shapin said. “Food is self-making in a pervasive way.”

According to Shapin, most people currently believe that their bodies and the food they eat are composed of chemicals, and that their health depends on taking in the right combinations and amounts of food constituents. In the past, however, many physicians and patients believed that consuming foods allowed you to absorb the virtues and powers associated with it—for example, if you ate rabbit, you might become timid, while eating beef might make you bold.

Shapin also discussed the “index of cosmopolitanism”—how perspectives about food and its accessibility have changed so that now, food choices in a cosmopolitan city such as Montreal are inherently different from the food choices of previous generations. For example, Shapin explained that garlic has only recently become readily available and was in fact quite scarce in the past.

Nicholas Dew, a professor of history at McGill and one of the organizers of the lecture, said he is a long-time fan of Shapin’s work.

“I have been reading Shapin’s work since I was an undergraduate,” Dew said. “I’m sure McGill students from all backgrounds will find the talk interesting.”

According to Shapin, the purpose of the lecture was to urge attendees to rethink their approach to food.

“I like to be able to teach the historical facts of food in a way that encourages people to think differently about their next meal,” Shapin said. “I like to engage people’s sense of the present […] while at the same time telling them about the strangeness of the historical past.”

Alice Hutin, U1 Arts, said the lecture changed the way she views food.

“I had never thought of food from such a perspective,” Hutin said. “This talk really made me think about the history of food in a way that I never had before.”

a, Arts & Entertainment

Virtuoso guitarist Joe Satriani improves with age

I have a love-hate relationship with Joe Satriani. I love his music, but I hate that he ruined the guitar for me.

This may seem a little overdramatic, but hear me out. For when I was a young naïve lad, trying to learn the guitar, the first song I attempted was Joe Satriani’s “Tears in the Rain” from his acclaimed album The Extremist. This attempt failed miserably, forever turning me off of stringed instruments, and forcing me to swear a blood oath of vengeance against Satriani…

…all of which flew out the window the moment I learned I would interview him about his latest album, Unstoppable Momentum, released earlier this year.

“The whole album really is all about the different shades of my continuing, unexplainable enthusiasm about all things musical,” explains Satriani.

Enthusiasm is right. With over 14 released studio albums, the savant guitarist is nothing if not prolific.

“I think I’m much better today than I was 20 or 30 years ago,” he says, when asked how he feels his music has evolved since his beginnings.

“The hope is that you go into this thinking ‘I can do this better than ever before.’ And I know a better way to tap into what my true talents [are] and how to more effectively connect the hearts with the note and not let the profit of making a record derail my emotional intention.”

It’s that emotional intention that makes Satriani such a versatile composer. He draws on his life and day-to-day experiences and incorporates them into his music in order to create something people will find both compelling and relatable.

“When I was 14 years old, I was just so excited about getting into writing for the new album, turning into music all sorts of feelings that seemed to be surrounding me. Things going through life—the good times, the bad times; I really wanted to annotate musically and share it with people. The music on the record is a real journey. I think people will be able to see it’s a real cathartic record.”

Released in May, Unstoppable Momentum is a fantastic symphony of optimism and energy that has almost come to define much of Satriani’s work.

“One of the high points of this album was that there wasn’t anything that was really very difficult […] which is why I think the album is so energetic and accessible. I think the emotion you can get out of the track has a quality to it that is a result [of not having] to struggle so much.”

Along with enthusiasm and love of music, one of the more prevailing themes that Satriani has often visited in much of his work is that of science fiction. From Surfing with the Alien, which featured comic book character Silver Surfer, to album titles like Time Machine, there has always been an underlying sense of otherworldliness with much of Satriani’s music.

“Science fiction doesn’t seem that odd to me at all. It’s a method of telling the story of the human experience […] which is that we are human beings, on a spinning ball, that [is] part of a solar system that [is] part of a galaxy.”

“I’m not like a ‘Trekkie’ or anything like that,” he adds hastily. “I guess I’m a fan of science.”

Unstoppable Momentum is yet another fantastic album from the acclaimed musician, and if the album’s title is any indication, then it is clear that Satriani has no plans to slow down anytime soon.

“I’m living one day at a time, and I react with what goes on in my life by writing music, so I don’t know what’s coming at all.”

Joe Satriani performs at 7:30 p.m. on October 9 at Théâtre St-Denis (1594 St-Denis). Tickets are between $62-$92.

a, Sports

Redmen drop the ball in stunning finish

In the last minute of regulation with the score even at 29-29, the McGill Redmen (3-3) punted to the No. 8 ranked Bishop’s Gaiters (4-2) in the hopes of playing out the clock and taking the game to overtime. What was supposed to be another routine kick turned into the most exciting play of the game. Defensive back Simon Lamontagne forced a fumble and the ball was kicked on the ground towards the endzone by the Gaiters’ defensive back O’Shane Daley. The ensuing goal line scramble was ended by McGill linebacker Chris O’Kill, but not before another point was tacked onto the scoreboard thanks to a rouge in an odd turn of events. The Gaiters came out on top by the narrowest of margins in a tightly contested affair.

“I’ve seen scenarios like that, but I’ve never seen it basically end the game,” explained Redmen Head Coach Clint Uttley. “There were about five scenarios within that play that had to fall Bishop’s way [for them to win] and all five of them fell Bishop’s way.”

Statistically, the two teams were nearly inseparable. Bishop’s had 32 first downs to McGill’s 31 while gaining 515 yards to the hosts’ 508. However, McGill was playing catch-up for most of the game as they fell behind 22-5 in the first half. The offensive output for the visitors came primarily from the arm of quarterback Jordan Heather. He carved up the Redmen defense to the tune of 438 yards and was able to connect with receiver Adekolu for two touchdowns in the first half.

McGill’s offensive engine was once again led by a balanced backfield combination. However, this time it was senior quarterback Jonathan Collin underneath center, not last week’s CIS Fooball player of the week Pierre-Luc Dussault, who was sidelined with an injury. Collin gained 320 yards through the air while rushing for 50 yards and scoring three touchdowns total. Sophomore running back Luis Guimont-Mota posted his fifth 100-yard rushing game of the season with 168. Another McGill sophomore, Jean-Philippe Paquette, had 167 yards receiving.

The start of the fourth quarter saw the game halt for nearly 30 minutes after Gaiters defensive back Jonathan Fortin tackled Collin during a goal line stand. Fortin lay motionless as both squads joined together on the 50 yard line. He was taken away by an ambulance and was hospitalized before play resumed.

All of McGill’s touchdowns came in the second half as they were finally able to find consistency. Uttley attributed it to a renewed commitment to the rushing attack

“It was more a case of us deciding to run the ball [….] because the quarterback for Bishop’s, he’s having a great season,” explained Uttley. “We figured the more we ran the ball, the more time we used up, the more he would sit on the bench.”

The Redmen are currently sitting in the fourth and final playoff spot in the RSEQ with two games remaining. One of those will be a rematch against the Gaiters that will take place in Lennoxville. Sherbrooke (2-4) currently sits in fifth place with two games remaining; one against No. 2 ranked powerhouse Laval (6-0), and the other against bottom-feeder Concordia (0-6).

The RSEQ enjoys a bye week during which the Redmen hope to make several adjustments ahead of their next match.

“We have to score more points in the first half. [Also], we have to get rid of all our pre and post-snap penalties […and] learn to defend a lead at the end of a game,” explained Uttley. “We just have to get a little more healthy, because a lot of [our] kids […] are really banged up, so hopefully the bye helps that as well.”

McGill’s next game is against the No. 7 ranked Montreal Carabins in the annual Homecoming game on Oct. 19 in Molson Stadium.

a, Arts & Entertainment, Music

Sleigh Bells – Bitter Rivals

If Sleigh Bells was like a Tootsie Pop, they’d be the hard candy exterior, hugging a gooey bubblegum interior— hiding a razor blade. Or rather, on Bitter Rivals, the Brooklyn duo’s third studio album, they’re the interplay of metal guitar, headstrong hip-hop beats, and sugary pop vocals.

Those unfamiliar with the ‘noise-pop’ group may be familiar with the whining guitars and fistful of noise that is “Crown on the Ground,” the Sleigh Bells track featured in the advertising campaign for Sofia Coppola’s summer film The Bling Ring. Band members Derek Miller and Alexis Krauss garnered a lot of positive attention with their freshman album Treats (2010), but somewhat less with follow-up release Reign of Terror (2012). Despite the sense of fun and energy they lost in their sophomore slump, they’ve redoubled their efforts in Bitter Rivals. Call it the sonic equivalent of downing a Jägerbomb.

There’s been a steady magnetism between pop and metal as of late—one hinted at by Rihanna’s latest haircuts, and backed up sonically by Kanye West on Yeezus. With Sleigh Bells, this connection is strengthened by the fact that Bitter Rivals was mixed by Andrew Dawson, who himself was credited for his work on Yeezus.  And like Yeezus, Bitter Rivals proves that when metal and pop get together, the result is pure, unadulterated fun.

Sleigh Bells work their magic best when they intersect their slow, meandering melodies with more chaotic sounds. They did it on Treats standout “Rill Rill,” and they’ve done it again on Bitter Rivals’ standout “To Hell With You.” This track shares its spot at the top of the album with the totally belligerent “Sing Like a Wire,” which twists the opening three beats of Michael Jackson’s “Bad” into a stadium-filling banger.

There’s very little music out there that I wouldn’t feel comfortable listening to in the car with my parents—but this is one of those albums. Your parents won’t like this album, and neither will your roommate. But trust me on this one when I say you will.

 

a, Science & Technology

Research brief: Computer game aids DNA research

Thanks to the work of McGill professors Jérôme Waldispühl and Mathieu Blanchette, anyone with access to the Internet can contribute to current research in molecular biology. The duo designed a computer game known as Phylo, aimed at harnessing the problem solving abilities of humans to decipher the multiple sequence alignment problem—comparing sequences of DNA, RNA, and proteins to identify regions of similarity. These comparisons can be used to trace the source of certain genetic diseases. Though the game was released in 2010, it has recently gained attention for its innovative use of citizen science, and the future applications of similar technologies.

Phylo allows you to slide coloured blocks back and forth to align them with other similarly coloured blocks, leaving as few gaps as possible. These blocks represent the DNA, RNA, and proteins that are present in our genome (the genetic material of an organism). Accompanied by piano music and resembling a cross between Tetris and Connect Four, this computer game is one of several crowd-sourcing initiatives to engage non-scientific volunteers in researching and troubleshooting scientific questions.

“We wanted to tap into casual gamers, not into people with a foundation in science. That’s why we make it accessible: You can just go on a website, play one game and leave. It takes 30 seconds, and it might change your mind; [if] you had fun, and you’ll reuse it,” Waldispühl explained in an interview this September with the Globe & Mail.

While computer algorithms are usually used for comparing genomes, these programs do not generate optimal results. According to the Phylo website, “This is due in part to the sheer size of the genome, which consists of roughly three billion base pairs, and the increasing computational complexity resulting from each additional sequence in an alignment.”

With Phylo, humans have the opportunity to improve the algorithms that the computer has already generated. Waldispühl and Blanchette based this idea on the fact that humans have evolved to recognize patterns and solve visual problems efficiently.

The comparison of genomes is one of the most powerful tools in molecular biology. It aids in identifying new genes and mapping DNA. Most importantly, by comparing sequences between animals, biologists can trace the source of certain genetic diseases—a process the public may now contribute towards.

 

Phylo can be accessed at: http://phylo.cs.mcgill.ca

a, Arts & Entertainment

Felina finale lands on its feet

*This article contains spoilers*

Early on in the Breaking Bad series finale, Skinny Pete, friend and former drug runner for main character Jesse Pinkman (played by Aaron Paul), makes a remark that aptly sums up the episode and the series as a whole:  “The whole thing felt kind of shady, like, morality-wise.”

Through a dazzling series of parallels, self-referential images, and an allusion to a country song, series creator Vince Gilligan brought the bleak morality of the Breaking Bad universe to a staggering level in its conclusion, entitled Felina, on Sunday night.

The episode’s opening scene began with the use of the Marty Robbins song “El Paso.” The song, which gave the episode its title, narrates the story of a Texas gunslinger who murders a man after seeing him with the woman he loves, Felina.  The protagonist then flees to New Mexico and eventually returns to see Felina, only to be met by vengeful cowboys who shoot and kill him.  The reference suggests how twisted protagonist Walter White’s outlook on life has become: family is a crucial part of his ‘Felina,’ but it is rivaled by the blue crystal methamphetamine that increasingly became his one true love. This love, much like the gunslinger’s love for Felina, manifests itself in frightening ways.

Gilligan further elaborates on Walter’s perverted psyche by showing what he was like at the beginning of his descent into madness.  When he breaks into old colleague Elliot’s home, Elliot weakly brandishes a butter knife at him.  Elliot resembles Walter as we knew him in his early stages—brimming with emotion but too inexperienced to express it effectively.  Walter’s stoic response to Elliot’s meekness starkly reaffirms the progression he has undergone.

Walter’s later behavior leaves no doubt of this full transformation.  When he arrives at his wife Skyler’s home to see his family, the camera zooms in on him touching her face.  This powerful image is echoed in the episode’s closing minutes, where the camera zooms in on him touching his meth-cooking equipment in a similar fashion.  This analogy furthers the heartbreaking conclusion which Gilligan began hinting at with El Paso: Walter’s love for his meth has equalled or surpassed his love for his family.

Towards the end of Felina, Gilligan also references memorable images from prior seasons to make insinuations about Jesse and Walter’s morals.  After brutally murdering former partner-in-crime Todd, Jesse shakily aims a gun—given to him by Walter—at Walter, in a shot highly reminiscent of the closing sequence of the third season finale.  In the third season, Jesse chose to fire the gun at past cooking colleague Gale, but here he decides to leave it and make his escape.  Jesse was haunted by Gale’s murder, and it’s unclear here whether he spares Walter’s life to avoid mercifully putting him out of his misery, or because he doesn’t want to put himself through that guilt-ridden torment again .  The multivalency of the scene suggests the moral ambiguity that has long been the show’s calling card.

Finally, the closing shot recalls the image that concluded season four’s Crawl Space, the crane shot which zooms out from Walter laughing maniacally at his fate.  In this instance, the camera zooms out from Walter’s vacant stare as police storm the compound.  The former shows him losing his mind, and the latter depicts his physical death. In both shots, the initial focus on him is contextualized by gradually showing more of the world around him, thus signifying the effect that his evil has had upon it.

It is significant that Walter’s death is ultimately a product of his own invention, because it symbolizes how he has always been responsible for his fate. Throughout the show, Walter has consistently made decisions that have made him a less and less redeemable character.  In Felina, Gilligan showed us the ultimate consequences of such decisions, in a devastating but satisfying finale.

a, News

Asbestos conference participants question role of corporate funding in research

On Oct. 1, the Faculty of Medicine hosted Asbestos: Dialogue for the Future, a conference designed to address past criticisms of research on asbestos at McGill and to discuss the role of privately funded research at universities.

The conference was organized following a controversy in February 2012, when a CBC documentary challenged the findings of research conducted between 1966 and 1998 by retired McGill professor John Corbett McDonald. McDonald’s studies found that chrysotile asbestos was “essentially innocuous” and that no adverse health effects would come from its use except at extremely high levels.

The documentary accused McDonald of misrepresenting his results and questioned the legitimacy of his research because it was funded by the asbestos industry.

“Professor McDonald’s research is still of huge concern today,” anti-asbestos advocate Kathleen Ruff said at the conference. “The asbestos industry is targeting developing countries, saying that chrysotile asbestos […] can be safely used [even though] no country has ever succeeded in safely using chrysotile asbestos.”

Last October, McGill released the report of an internal investigation on the studies by research integrity officer Abraham Fuks, who concluded that McDonald had publically acknowledged the asbestos industry as his funding source and that he was not guilty of research misconduct. Tuesday’s conference is the result of a recommendation Fuks made in his report.

Dean of Medicine David Eidelman said that the event was planned to allow for an open discussion of the issues surrounding the controversy.

“We made sure it was structured in a way to make sure there was a very open and frank exchange of views, and made sure we seriously considered the issues that were brought up in the context of the McDonald controversy,” he said. “I was very glad to have the people who raised the controversy present so they could present their views.”

These critics included Ruff, who criticized McGill for holding an internal investigation on McDonald’s research rather than allowing an external party to examine the case. At the conference, Ruff emphasized that she will continue to push McGill to retract to McDonald’s initial research despite the conclusions of the internal review.

“It’s a real concern that’s having impact in the real world, so it is important that McGill address this issue,” she said. “McGill should become a leader in Canada to introduce an effective ethical review system that prevents scientific integrity and the public good.”

According to David Egilman, a professor at Brown University and a critic of McDonald’s research in the CBC documentary, the way in which McDonald conducted his research on asbestos points to greater problems in the way corporate-funded research is conducted at universities.

“In [McDonald’s] case, money should have been given to the workers [and] the unions to hire independent experts to consult with them, to evaluate the protocols in the research,” Egilman said. “The same thing’s true for drug research—if you’re doing corporate-funded pharmaceutical-medical research, there should be an independent group evaluating that research, [but] the norm [today] in drug research is that the data analysis is all controlled by the company.”

Jaye Ellis, a professor of law at McGill, said communication can be difficult between university researchers and corporations because each player has a different understanding of their goals in the research.

“It’s not possible for all of the players in these relationships—the university, administrators, the corporation, the researcher—to be on precisely the same page,” Ellis said. “[We need to] talk about how we present communicative structures among these different players to protect the values that we want to protect—rigorous academic freedom, independence, and so forth.”

McGill has several Research Ethics Boards (REBs) intended to promote ethical standards of research and protect the rights and welfare of individual participants in research projects. Researchers must obtain approval for their project from an REB before they begin recruiting participants or collecting data. However, McGill philosophy professor David Weinstock criticized the way university researchers tend to view Research Ethics Boards.

“[Researchers] still have a vision of REBs that reflects a conception of ethics that is altogether too superficial, too checklist-like, and too much at the tail end [of the process],” Weinstock said. “Everything that we do can be ethics-free until we get to that point when we have to fill out the ethics checklist and at that point all the important decisions have been made. That has to change.”

One potential solution that arose in the discussion was the creation of an additional body concerned with ethics at McGill, which would investigate and follow up on projects after they have received REB approval. According to Weinstock, however, this idea presents logistical difficulties.

“Questions about composition, mandate, independence, [and] the purview become crucial,” he said. “We don’t have the time to do the kind of serious research on the ways in which these details would need to get worked out.”

While Eidelman said he could not comment at this time on how the ideas raised at the conference will be used, he emphasized the potential for improving the university’s ethics review system.

“There is an imperative for the Faculty of Medicine and the university […] to think about how we can make sure that when we’re doing research we’re really meeting the highest standards,” he said.

Ruff said she was sceptical of the effect the conference would have on corporate-funded and asbestos-related research at McGill.

“It’s a good opportunity for the issue to be discussed, but […] the conference is not a substitute for doing the right thing,” Ruff said. “I think that we still have a very serious problem in the way McGill has dealt with this issue of misuse of research and the asbestos industry influence. I don’t think that has been properly addressed.”

McDonald did not attend the conference.

For further detail on the McGill asbestos controversy, read Asbestos at McGill: one year later.

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