Latest News

a, News

What Happened This Week in Canada?

2011 short-form census may skew language data

Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s decision to replace Canada’s mandatory long-form census with a voluntary survey may have skewed new language data derived from the 2011 short-form census.

Last week, Statistics Canada languages expert Jean-Pierre Corbeil analyzed the data, and observed a shift in the established patterns of linguistic change in Canada over past decades. The new data from the 2011 census indicates that between 2006 and 2011, the number of Canadians who speak neither of the country’s two official languages at home increased by 100,000. However, during that five-year period, more than 1.2 million immigrants moved to Canada.

Meanwhile, the number of people claiming to speak English or French, in addition to another language at home, grew by more than a million. According to the Globe and Mail, this discrepancy may result from the omission of questions regarding place of birth, citizenship, and immigrant status in the 2011 short-form census.

These new numbers may make it difficult to assess Canada’s linguistic development and to measure change in the country. Experts have warned that these data shifts will grow more complicated once Statistics Canada receives results from the voluntary survey next year.

Donation to Alberta’s conservative party receives criticism

Alberta’s official opposition party, the Wildrose Party, has called on the province’s Chief Electoral Officer, Brian Fjeldheim, to launch an investigation into the provincial Conservative Party’s 2012 election campaign finances.

According to the Globe and Mail, Edmonton billionaire and Oilers owner Daryl Katz gave the governing Conservatives a single-cheque donation for $430,000 in April. Alberta permits donations of no more than $30,000 to a political party during an election.

“The limits we have in place are designed to ensure nobody can exert undue influence … on those elected to government,” Wildrose Leader Danielle Smith wrote to Fjeldheim in a letter dated Oct. 25. “Their proper enforcement is essential to the health of democracy in Alberta.”

Further complicating matters is Katz’s role in the proposed construction of a $450-million hockey arena in Edmonton, as the NDP has accused Katz of buying the Conservative Party’s support. However, Alberta Premier Alison Redford has long opposed directly funding the project.

In response to calls for an investigation, Redford’s government has announced it will co-operate with an Elections Alberta investigation of the matter.

STM 2013 budget includes fee increases

This past Friday, the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) tabled its 2013 budget, which outlined increases in transportation fees for Montreal commuters. This will be the 13th consecutive fee hike since Mayor Gérald Tremblay took office in 2002.

The cost of an STM monthly pass will rise from $75.50 to $77.75, and the reduced monthly pass will increase from $43.75 to $45.50. However, the price of a single fare—currently $3—will not be altered.

According to the Montreal Gazette, STM Vice-Chair Marvin Rotrand said the fee increases will help offset the cost of over 100,000 additional hours of bus service in 2013, which will assist STM in reaching its goal of increasing ridership to 540 million by 2020—up from 405 million in 2011.

Municipal opposition parties have criticized the proposed price increases, arguing that they will not result in improvements in transportation, despite Rotrand’s claims.

Nova scotia questions race-specific elections

Non-African Nova Scotians are facing blame for allegedly defrauding the regional election of an African-Nova Scotian school board representative in the southwest of the province. As a result, the province has begun to re-evaluate the logistics of holding race-specific elections.

Nova Scotia has reserved political seats for minority groups since 1991, and is unique among the Canadian provinces for doing so. In Saturday’s election, citizens of African descent, or parents of children who are of African descent, were permitted to vote.

This past Saturday, 920 people voted in the election—a number, according to the losing candidate, Michael Alden Fells, that is almost larger than the population of eligible African-Nova Scotian voters in the region. According to the National Post, there are currently “no checks in place to prevent ineligible voters from casting a ballot.”

The current provincial NDP government released plans to end race-specific elections back in January.

Canada suspends flu shots

Health Canada has decided to suspend the distribution of Novartis flu vaccines across the country, following the pharmaceutical company’s discovery of tiny groups of viral proteins in several batches of vaccines produced at its plant in Italy.

All the flu vaccines purchased by Canada from Novartis—which are sold in the country as Fluad and Agriflu—come from the Italian production facility. Health Canada will launch an investigation into the situation, and has told doctors and clinics to stop administering Novartis flu shots in the meantime.

Although Novartis has agreed to hold off on the distribution of its vaccines while Health Canada carries out its investigation, the company is confident that its products are safe, having passed quality inspections.

“The aggregation of these proteins is not unusual in vaccines manufacturing,” the company said in their official statement.

Germany, Italy, and Switzerland have also suspended the distribution of Novartis products; however, no cases of illness linked to the vaccine have been reported in Europe to date.

Joy Lizette Aguilar (Alexandra Allaire / McGill Tribune)
a, Student Life, Student of the Week

Student of the Week

Q: What is your secret talent?

A: I can sing, but nobody knows that.

Q: If you could say one thing to your hero, what would it be?

A: One of my heroes is Nelson Mandela. I would ask how he managed to survive his imprisonment without going insane.

Q: What’s your signature drink?

A: This is going to be really weird. Every night before I go to bed, I have a glass of milk with Baileys in it.

Q: What’s your go-to stress-buster?

A: When I’m stressed out, I pump up the music, lock my door, and dance insanely.

Q: Who’s your favourite NHL player?

A: The Sedin twins. Not just one. If I’m naming one Sedin twin, I have to name both Sedin twins. I have to be loyal to my home city.

Q: If you were a course at McGill, which one would you be and why?

A: Art of Listening. Just kidding! I’d be POLI 227 – Developing Areas, because I’m studying International Development. Plus, Rex Brynen teaches it; that’s important.

Q: Name a book you’ll never get sick of reading.

A: Can I name three? Blindness by José Saramago, The Killing Joke by Alan Moore, and The Fabric of the Cosmos by Brian Greene.

Q: What are you going to be for Halloween?

A: I don’t even know if I’m celebrating Halloween. I think I will curl up in bed instead. With Baileys and milk.

Q: Describe McGill in 3 words.

A: It is fun.

Q: If you could go back in time to any historical event, which one would you go to and why?

A: Hmmm…There’s a lot. The beheading of Queen Anne in the White Tower. I think it [was] early or mid-1500s, I’m not quite sure. I’ve visited the White Tower, so I think it would be cool to see one of King Henry VIII’s wives get beheaded there. I have a fascination with the White Tower.

Q: What fictional character would you most want to get a drink with?

A: Rorschach from Watchmen. That would be very, very interesting.

Q: What would you talk about with him over drinks?

A: The meaning of life. I would love [for] him to give me a tutorial of how he made his mask.

Q: What’s your favourite song of 2012?

A: “Punching in a Dream” by the Naked and the Famous. I don’t think it came out this year, but I just listen to it a lot.

Q: What’s your biggest pet peeve?

A: When people don’t give firm handshakes. Limp hands. When you’re trying to shake a limp hand, that’s not very welcoming.

Q: Where is next on your traveling bucket list?

A: Since I’m coordinating the next trip for IRSAM [International Relations Students’ Association of McGill], I’m looking into either Ecuador, Peru, Guatemala, Costa Rica, or the Philippines.

Q: What reality TV show are you perfect for?

A:  Amazing Race! That would be so cool!

Q: What’s the first word you think of when I say Halloween?

A: Slutty pumpkin! What else…Firefighter outfits, Watercan, and more slutty costumes!

Q: Name one movie you’ll never watch again.

A: American Psycho. I will never watch American Psycho ever again, nor will I watch A Clockwork Orange. Kind of a one-time viewing kind of thing.

Q: Describe your most recent awkward moment.

A: I do this a lot. When I feel like there’s no one on the same street as me, I sing loudly to my iPod, or I talk out loud to myself. But there’s been times where there have definitely been [other] people on the street. I wouldn’t be surprised if they thought I was half insane.

Q:  Who’s your favourite talk show host?

A: I have to say Stephen Colbert. I’ve been meaning to try his Ben and Jerry’s flavour, but I don’t know if they still make it.

Q: Why are you an asset to McGill?

A: Financially speaking…I’m an asset because I pay the tuition fees that keep this place running. Also, I love getting people involved with international development and philanthropic causes.

a, Student Life

How to survive Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy

In the midst of Hurricane Sandy, heavy rain is expected in Southern Quebec, and western parts of the expecting possible snowfall. About 75 millimetres of rainfall is expected in the area, and winds may reach up to 100 kilometres per hour. With such conditions, power outages are a definite possibility for students here at McGill. So, the Tribune has compiled a comprehensive hurricane survival guide to get you through the potential storm.

To start, store some water and non-perishable food in your apartment. Keep a few jugs of water and a small supply of groceries on hand, enough to get you through a week. Things like granola bars, cans of soup, dried fruit, crackers, peanut butter, trail mix, juice boxes, and most importantly, marshmallows are all good choices. As a perk, all the candles around your apartment mean lots of opportunities to make s’mores. Also, try to open your refrigerator as little as possible to make your perishables last longer.

As far as other supplies go, batteries are your best friend. No power means chargers are useless, so keep those cell phones and iPods fully charged whenever possible, because you never know when your electricity could go. You’re going to need batteries for flashlights, portable clocks, and radios, which are essential for keeping yourself informed when your phone and laptop run out of power.

That brings us to the next point. Keeping yourself updated via radio, on power outages around the city, the status of the repair crews working on power lines, and any other issues that may arise from the harsh weather conditions, is extremely important. Knowing when you can expect your power back will be a huge priority—especially when you have to take those cold showers.

A basic first-aid kit is something every apartment should have in any event. If you haven’t had time to get one together yet, you might want to make sure you do that before the storm hits. A simple first-aid kit should include Band-Aids and gauze dressings of different sizes, tweezers, scissors, painkillers, a tensor bandage, an anti-septic cream like Polysporin, disinfectant wipes, tape, safety pins, and disposable gloves.

Check online for a more detailed list, but these are the basics you should have in your kit. Go ahead and put a kit together now, so you’ll have it in case anything happens due to Sandy, and if nothing does, then you’re prepared for the next year or so, should anything else come up.

During a strong storm, it’s suggested that you turn off all electronics except for one light, so that, when the power goes out, you will know when it comes back. This may be a bit extreme considering the storm we’re expecting, but just be careful around your electronics. Be sure not to light candles pre-emptively though, because they present a fire hazard if knocked over. Instead, wait until you have definitely lost power, and then light however many candles you need. Just be sure to remember where all the candles that you lit are located.

Should this hurricane prove to be nothing more than some heavy rain by the time it reaches Montreal, most of us will continue about our routines normally. However, heavy rains can affect driving conditions drastically, and as a pedestrian or cyclist, this can make travelling even more dangerous. At least the people in the cars have all that metal for protection; what’s sheltering you from the hydroplaning car careening towards you while you try to catch that yellow pedestrian light? Use more conservative judgement when crossing, because despite the best intentions of the always cool, calm, and collected Montreal motorists, lots of rain means horrible braking conditions, so it’s up to you to keep yourself safe. Take these tips, use your trademark McGill good judgement, and you will come out the other side of this storm as beautifully as you did that devastating earthquake.

The cozy exterior of Montreal’s ultimate Greek cuisine destination. (terrasselafayette.com)
a, Student Life

Locals love Lafayette’s delicious Greek delicacies

Are you in the mood for Greek food? If you’re craving souvlaki or a gyro, a walk through downtown Montreal will yield a multitude of Greek options.

While Greek food is plentiful and abundant in this metropolis, quality is sporadic and difficult to pinpoint. Too often, Greek food can be overly salty and oily. What is it that distinguishes mediocrity from excellence? Simple: authenticity.

Hidden deep within the Plateau is a small family-run restaurant called Terrasse Lafayette, or known to regulars as ‘Lafayette’s’. This restaurant serves a mixture of different cuisines, attracting a wide variety of customers: one can order pizza, pasta, burgers, various vegetarian dishes, and most importantly, genuine Greek cuisine. Others seem to enjoy the whole menu, but I would recommend avoiding the mediocre Italian and American dishes, and opt for the Greek selections.

It may seem like an obvious notion, but Greeks just make the best Greek food. The owners of this restaurant are from Greece, and know how to season and cook satisfying dishes. This is the type of comfort food you crave on a weekly basis. Without fail, I order in once a week, usually the same thing: a chicken pita with French fries.

The chicken pita contains moist and delicately seasoned chicken that is grilled to perfection on a skewer. It is then topped with crisp chunks of tomato, plenty of fresh onion slices, and a smooth, not too garlic-y tzatziki sauce, no mint.  In fact, I cannot remember having a good authentic tzatziki that contains mint.  The sandwich wrap is slightly thicker and a little breadier than the average pita, and provides the perfect contrast of textures: the soft pita, the tomatoes and onions adding some crunch, and moistness from the chicken and smooth tzatziki.  Bonus tip: chilling an extra souvlaki overnight, and eating it for lunch the next day offers yet another tasty experience.

With regards to the French fries, it is challenging, in my opinion, to make French fries crave-worthy, but Lafayette’s manages to do just that. If I do not eat these fries weekly, I experience withdrawal. In addition, Lafayette’s is always willing to accommodate special requests. I order my French fries extra crispy and without salt, exactly how I enjoy them. The fries are always the ideal texture, without being oily.

Terrasse Lafayette encourages both delivery and dine-in eating. The restaurant is relatively small in size, but is newly renovated and extremely clean. The washrooms are some of the nicest I have found in the city. It boasts a warm atmosphere and friendly service. Occasionally, the service can be slow due to the small number of staff, and a frequently-packed restaurant.  If you visit during the off-hours between lunch and dinner, it makes for a much calmer experience.

In my opinion, delivery is the way to go; it’s free and usually takes 45 minutes. However, at peak hours it can take as long as an hour and a half. Be ready to wait, but take my word—the food is worth it. Even if the food does take a while, it always arrives steaming hot.  The price is reasonable, and one chicken pita with fries costs less than $10 (minimum $10 for delivery).

I absolutely love Greek food and am admittedly a tough critic, but Lafayette’s undeniably has the best Greek food I’ve encountered in Montreal.

250 West Villeneuve, Montreal, Quebec 

Open daily from 11 a.m. to 11:30 p.m.

(514)-288-3915

Oppan Gangnam Style. (ibtimes.co.uk)
a, Student Life

Halloween: how much is too much?

These kids have no idea what they’re missing. If someone told me when I was a child that as I got older, Halloween would get progressively longer I’d have smiled a smile big enough to rival a late October full moon. You might not have seen the smile because I would have been covered with a white sheet with eyes cut out—an extremely frightening ghost—but it would have been there. As I have gotten on in age, Halloween has in fact gotten longer. It has also become the target of much of my post-midterm frustration.

When you’re young, Halloween takes place on the 31st day of October, not before, not after—just one day. It also only takes place at night, specifically in the hours that the parents in your neighbourhood deem it safe to roam the streets. In university, Halloween includes every day deemed appropriate by McGillians for going out—essentially every day but Tuesday and Wednesday —within a week of Hallow’s Eve. Some students have even taken to calling this period of festive costuming as ‘Halloweek.’ This year, Halloween falls on a Wednesday, directly between two weekends. I wouldn’t be surprised if I see superheroes, political figures, and sexy [insert word here]s walking through the ghetto even after the calendar has turned to November. It’s all just too much.

The sheer length of this ‘holiday season’ affects another one of my gripes with Halloween: the stressful process of deciding on and creating multiple costumes. Who would be caught dead strutting in a dollar-store pirate outfit twice? The aforementioned buccaneer must also dress as a binder full of women, a police officer, and Bjorn Borg in order not to look like they’ve worn the same thing twice. Thought coming up with one great costume idea was tough? Try doing it four times.

And don’t do what everyone else is doing. Rehashing a costume you wore when you were seven years old (but likely sexualizing it a tad) is fine, but no one will compliment you on your getup. You think you’re clever and cultured by emulating a big newsmaker or internet meme? Ask anyone who dressed as a Chilean miner in 2010 or ‘the 99 per cent’ in 2011 how clever they felt when they realized that they were just as creative as about 99 per cent of the population.

Do something too out there though, and you risk being questioned all night about what you are. Dressing up as Mitt Romney as CEO of the Salt Lake City Olympics shows that you are creative, and have read a couple of articles in the New York Times. Then again, you’ll be explaining all night that you’re “not just Mitt Romney” and pontificating that there’s more to the Republican candidate than meets the eye—probably not.

And what’s the point of it all anyways? As a trick-or-treating kid, everyone respects your costume—whether it’s unique, dated, or on the wrong side of the political spectrum—and there’s a solid reward for your hard work: candy. When a kind soul at Sunday’s Alouettes game tossed out candy to the spectators, I was reminded that there used to be an end to the madness, the equivalent of getting presents after a long month of enduring cheesy holiday music. Once you get to the point where your costume reflects how much you know or how little you can wear, the rewards disappear.

But you do it because you have to and because everyone else is doing it. So I’m going to put on my suit and oddly shaped sunglasses and dance like I’m riding an invisible horse. Everyone else might be dressed as Gangnam Style’s PSY, but I came up with it first. You’re all unoriginal. Happy Hallo-two-weeks and remember that we used to get candy for this!

The University of Melbourne is one of many student exchange destinations. (wikipedia.org)
a, Student Life

Life on exchange

The symptoms: sleeping in lectures, cramming for exams, dreaming about the holidays instead of writing your term papers. The diagnosis: you are officially stuck in a rut. The cure: exchange.

Choose your destination, sign the forms, and never look back. Being a student at McGill brings you endless opportunities to study all over the world. Just imagine what is out there waiting to be discovered.

I am currently on exchange this fall semester from the University of Melbourne, one of the many institutions with which McGill is partnered. I embarked on this journey to satisfy my craving for adventure. I had zero ties to Canada, let alone McGill; it is miles from my home, and most importantly has a completely opposite climate to which I am acustomed.

Choosing McGill was a spontaneous decision; I was browsing the catalogue when I came across a picture of the Roddick gates in the winter. Mesmerized by the snow,  I made my decision right then and there. As an arts student my degree is very flexible, so I was able to go basically anywhere. Depending on your faculty, this may require some more research.

1. Applying.

The application process has multiple steps, but none of them are too difficult. Knowing that each form you complete brings you closer to escaping abroad makes the whole process that much easier to bear.

I had to choose courses at McGill equivalent to my degree and my major, and each was assessed by a faculty advisor. This part requires the most research. If possible, I would recommend taking courses that are new and different from classes you’ve taken before. Stepping out of your comfort zone is what going on exchange is all about, after all. Just because your major is political science, doesn’t mean you should not take a course in African drumming!  After the list of courses is approved, the rest of your application is pretty much smooth sailing.

2. Housing.

You’ve picked your university and the flights are booked. What’s the next step? A place to live ranks pretty high on the list of priorities. McGill does not offer any on-residence living—unless you are a first-year or a floor fellow—so it was up to me to find it myself. A combination of Craigslist, timing, and pure luck provided me with an awesome apartment in the McGill ghetto with great roommates.

However, this will not always be the case for everyone, so I have some important tips. If the school that you have applied for does not offer housing, and you are required to find it yourself, start early, send thousands of emails, and check daily. This will give you the most options and choices for places to live. It’s a much more favourable position than living out of your suitcase for the first two weeks in a hostel, or spending your days exploring apartments instead of your new city.

Alternatively, if you are offered residence, just be sure it is what you want. If you cannot picture yourself in a dorm with overly enthusiastic first year students, then maybe finding a student apartment is a better option.

3. Take advantage.

Now that that the housing box is checked off, you are ready to embrace your new life and your new school. It’s terrifying, but amazing! I have been here for two months, and every day I still look forward to the surprises Montreal has in store.

In order to make the most of your stay, I would suggest jumping on every opportunity. Take advantage of weekends and get onboard all of the trips offered by your school’s exchange students group. Try not to think about money too much if you can avoid it. Money can be made later, but these experiences are a once in a lifetime. When it comes to the studying, this is entirely dependent on your degree. Many students will be taking classes on a pass/fail basis as part of their exchange, so when a 65 per cent means the same as a 95 per cent, make the most of this. Complete the work that is required of course, but your weekend destinations should be new and foreign cities, not your desk or the library.

It is never too early to begin researching, comparing, and deciding potential exchange destinations. You may not consider yourself the exchange type, but with so many options there will be something out there that suits you. So go ahead and immerse yourself in a brand new place. Good luck, and safe travels.

A small taste of fall.(freshsheetnutrition.com)
a, Recipes, Student Life

Pumpkin Tart

This tasty recipe is a nice twist on the classic pumpkin pie, and perfect for sharing with roommates, study buddies, or anybody else you may need a favour from in the future. 

Prep time: 10 minutes

Baking time: 20 minutes

Ingredients

14 oz. sweetened, condensed milk

1 ¼ cups canned pumpkin purée (if you carved a jack o’lantern this Halloween, you can always make your pumpkin puree from scratch, but this recipe caters towards us lazy chefs, and we will be using the canned variety.)

2 tbsp. brown sugar (dark)

1 egg

¼ tsp. ground cinnamon

¼ tsp. ground nutmeg (you can play around with the ratios of spices to your liking.)

24 unbaked tart shells (3 inch) (again, you can make the shells from scratch if you’re feeling ambitious, but this particular recipe aims to be short and sweet.)

2 tbsp. dark or spiced rum (adjust amount to taste.)

1 cup heavy cream

1 tbsp. confectioners’ sugar

1 tsp. vanilla extract

Instructions

1. Preheat oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit.

2. Mix together condensed milk, pumpkin, brown sugar, egg, spices, and rum in a large bowl. Whisk until smooth.

3. Pour into tart shells, and bake for about 18 minutes.

4. Test to see if they’re done with a toothpick—centre should be just set, and shell should be golden.

5. In another bowl, beat heavy cream until peaks start to form, while tarts are left to cool completely.

6. Beat in sugar and vanilla until stiff peaks form, but be careful not ton overbeat or whipped cream will become lumpy.

7. Top your tarts with the whipped cream (you’ll be glad you didn’t opt for a can, I promise), and garnish however else you’d like (I would recommend sprinkling some extra spices on top).

Montreal Drop Zone
a, Features

FEATURE: Everyday heroes take the leap for a good cause

Click to see the full feature!
Click to see the full feature!

On Sept. 22, 60 ‘superheroes’ rappelled down a 22-storey Montreal skyscraper in support of a worthy cause: to promote the development and community engagement of the nation’s children with disabilities.

This impressive display of courage and commitment, organized by Montreal’s Drop Zone 2012, took place at the BNP Tower, a building best known for the memorable monument, “The Illuminated Crowd,” which stands at the its entrance.

The money raised was used to support Easter Seal Quebec, an organization that helps children with special needs gain confidence and become active members of society. This is done through community engagement opportunities, such as summer camps. It also provides equipment, normally too expensive for most families, that allows their children to make the most of their capabilities.

Since 2005, more than 2,300 ‘superheroes’ have joined the Superhero Club for Easter Seals, raising more than $3.76 million to help people with disabilities across the country. This year, the Drop Zone event has taken place in 15 different Canadian cities. By scaling down prominent skyscrapers, many remarkable individuals have worked to raise more than $2 million dollars for the foundation.

Montreal Drop Zone
Montreal Drop Zone

Among these superheroes was McGill’s Associate Vice-Principal (University Services) James Nicell. Trying to match the feats that thousands of disabled children and their families accomplish every day, Nicell rose to the occasion and raised more than $4,000 for the cause.

Rather than looking for the opportunity to undertake such a challenge, it was the opportunity that came knocking on Nicell’s door—or in his particular case, his window.

“I was sitting in my office [located on the 11th floor of the CIBC building], and suddenly somebody goes by my window… and I thought ‘wow that’s pretty neat.’” Impressed by the undertaking of that courageous climber, Nicell and the University  Services group decided to contribute to the Drop Zone’s endeavor.

[pullquote]Unlike going down one side of a building, which is over in 10 minutes, families with children with disabilities know that they’re in it for life.[/pullquote]

“I think we’re a pretty tight community of people, and so I pitched this idea to a bunch of people who work with me [at University Services].”

Nicell never planned on scaling down the building himself.

“The idea  … was that people [would] nominate those who [they thought] would [do it]. Those people would then choose whether to accept the nomination. Then, we would all vote. Whoever would get the most votes [would get] this opportunity, and we would raise the funds to make it happen,” recalls Nicell.

“I went on vacation and while I was away … someone decided it should be me that goes on the side of the building.  When I arrived back on Monday morning after being away for two weeks, my assistant Clara had a big smile on her face. I think my heart just fell off my chest at that point.”

While overwhelmed and surprised, Nicell found the strength to rise to the challenge. “I had never seen myself doing this…but I kept thinking to myself: ‘if I don’t do it, I’m gonna regret it. It’s a good cause and it’s the adventure of a lifetime.’”

Those who know Nicell would agree that he is not the type of person that one would expect to see casually dropping down a 22-story building. “I had never done anything like this before. I’m not comfortable with amusement parks, and I’m afraid of heights,” he said.

montrealinpictures.wordpress.com
montrealinpictures.wordpress.com

In addition, Nicell had no previous climbing experience whatsoever. He had no option but to learn all that there is to know about rappelling with only a few days left until the event.

“There was a practice day down to a rock climbing place, and they gave me about 10 minutes of training [on] how the gear worked,” he said.

Nicell practiced by dropping off a 40-foot high rock; nothing comparable to the 300-feet-tall Tower from which he would later have to descend.

“I went down those 40 feet, and then they just told me ‘alright, you’re done. See you on Thursday.’ It was a little over 20 minutes total that I spent.”

What, then, gave Jim Nicell the courage to undertake such a challenge? Easter Seals Quebec is a cause that is dear to his heart. “My wife and I have always said that we’d like to give back … as a family, we have all the resources of the world, but there are families around me struggling without any resources,” said Nicell.

“Unlike going down one side of a building, which is over in 10 minutes, families with children with disabilities know that they’re in it for life. It’s not something that you can just cure or take a certain bit of therapy and the problem goes away. It’s not like that at all. They need all our support in any way.”

Adam Scotti (McGill Reporter)
Adam Scotti (McGill Reporter)

It was this motivation that drove Nicell to take his first steps down the 300-foot high building, entrusting his life to a two-inch thick rope. Standing at the roof’s edge with a McGill flag fluttering on his back, Nicell recalls experiencing one of the most intense moments of his life.

“The hardest part was when they call you over … I could hear the noise of the crowd at the bottom as I was standing on the edge. Putting your feet on the edge and then just [letting your body] go, just holding on to your life with a rope, that was really something,” Nicell said.

After taking this first step down, Nicell began his descent. The building mirrored a scenic view of the city as he hesitantly pulled himself down. “Some people had told me when I said I was afraid of heights, ‘don’t worry, just look at the surface in front of you [as you go down].’ But what they didn’t account for was the fact that this [was] a mirror-glass building. When you’re looking at the surface, you see your face and you see the wide horizon.”

At mid-point, he was told to wave at the crowd below, an action that left him almost breathless.

Montreal Drop Zone
Montreal Drop Zone

“Just the act of taking your hands off the rope and turn around and wave, to let go and turn around … looking straight down on the floor, while looking at the mirror surface on the building gave the impression, almost like I was floating.”

After 10 minutes of great tension, Nicell’s feet finally reached the ground, followed by applause from his family and friends. Looking back, this warm support, as well as the satisfaction of having contributed to such a worthy cause, made Nicell feel fortunate to have had this experience. “It was a phenomenal experience. I don’t regret doing it.”

James stresses, however, that this was in no way a one-man initiative. “This was a team event that was put together by some wonderful considerate people in University Services. They made it all happen … I’m incredibly proud of the support of the group here. Having all of them standing below … was really nice. It feels good to be part of a supportive community,” Nicell said.

He also praised the courage and achievement of Montreal’s heroes and heroines, who collectively raised over $125,000 for Easter Seals Quebec.

The Moa bird of New Zealand. (cfzaustralia.com)
a, Science & Technology

This week in research

Flightless Birds

Flightless birds are an evolutionary puzzle. The most befuddling aspect of these seemingly-related animals is their dispersion across far corners of the earth, because, well, they’re flightless.

Two opposing ideas seek to explain the far-reaching origins of these birds. In one, Charles Darwin suggested that a common ancestor flew to new locations, where it then lost the ability to fly. The second theory proposes that flightless birds split away from each other on diverging continents. The discovery of three separate flightless ancestors, dating before Gondwana—a super continent that comprised most of the current the Southern Hemisphere—supports the second theory.

However, several years after this discovery, DNA evidence demonstrated that Moa—extinct flightless birds from New Zealand, which stood up to 3.6 metres high—were closely related to a flying bird in South America, suggesting that they had a flying ancestor.

Last week, Royal Ontario Museum researchers released new information showing that both theories may be right. By analyzing Moa DNA, researchers discovered that the bird started to evolve along several different paths after Gondwana split apart, but at least two ancestral lines were founded later by birds that flew to new locations. This new discovery highlights the nuance of evolutionary biology.

Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions start small: gas bubbles form in magma, heat and expand, then finally shatter the surrounding rock with explosive force. Whether these explosions are small and mild, or large and catastrophic, depends largely on the first ten seconds of bubble formation.

This month, McGill Earth and Planetary Science Professor Ron R. Baker, in collaboration with an international team of scientists, examined this phenomenon in the lab, modelling the volcanic bubble formation process in basaltic rocks. After using a laser to super-heat the rock, the team was able to observe the bubbles growing with a specialized X-ray microscope—essentially, an ultra-precise CT scanner. By using the images to measure bubble size and wall thickness between bubbles, they were able to determine the explosive potential of different formations.

Extremely explosive basaltic volcanoes are rare—Hawaiian basaltic volcanoes are considered mild, despite the fact that they can shoot lava up to nine kilometres into the air—but understanding more about bubble formation will allow scientists to start chipping away at the problem of determining what conditions cause these catastrophic events to occur. This should lead to more accurate predictions of volcanic eruptions. Their findings are outlined in a recent paper in Nature Communications.

(rmcguirephoto.com)
(rmcguirephoto.com)

Global Food Security

Is it possible for the earth to produce enough food to feed its massive, multiplying population, or should we begin our move to Mars? A joint study by researchers at McGill and the University of Minnesota published in the interdisciplinary magazine Nature last month provides hope that humans can stick around if we manage our resources wisely.

Using a broad analysis of global farm production, the researchers compared overall crop yields from both high and low-performing farms in certain regions. Their analysis suggests that using existing farms to their full capacity could bolster global food production by anywhere from 45 to 70 per cent for most crops. This means increased agricultural output doesn’t have to come at the expense of pristine forests and ecosystems.

In addition, the study revealed that increasing productivity will not require an increased use of fertilizer, which is associated with pollution and drinking water contamination. Nitrogen and phosphorous usage, two of the biggest culprits in agricultural pollution, could in fact be reduced by 28 and 38 per cent respectively worldwide, without negatively impacting yields for major crops such as wheat, corn, and rice.

While the study seeks to present a general picture, rather than delving into the details of implementing such sweeping changes, the dramatic findings allow for optimism on this serious and timely (seven billion people and counting) problem.

As leaves stop producing chlorophyll, they begin to change colour. (www.mooseyscountrygarden.com)
a, Science & Technology

Why leaves change colour during the fall

There is always a sense of child-like wonder that is evoked by staring at that vibrant, multi-coloured silver maple en route to work. Indeed, why trees change their colour during the fall is the kind of question a father might have to answer for his curious five-year-old daughter. Yet changing leaves is such a basic part of our year that many may be quick to overlook it.

All plants rely on photosynthesis to convert sunlight into chemical energy. This process occurs in the cells of each leaf, where chloroplasts turn carbon dioxide and light into sugar for food.

Chlorophyll, a chemical present in chloroplasts, is responsible for the leaf’s green colour, as well as for capturing sunlight and triggering the photosynthetic process. When there is more sunlight, plants produce more chlorophyll to absorb it. This explains why trees are green during the summer.

This green pigment in chlorophyll masks two other pigments in the leaf: carotenes and xanthophylls. Xanthophylls contain oxygen and produce a yellow colour as they absorb sunlight and stabilize chlorophyll. Carotenes contain no oxygen and produce an orange colour. Unlike chlorophyll, the carotenes and xanthophylls are present in the leaf year-round, whereas leaves’ levels of chlorophyll depend on the amount of sunlight it receives.

As the weather worsens and daylight decreases, so do chlorophyll levels in plants. When the seasons change and sunlight becomes scarcer, leaves begin to store their food rather than photosynthesize it. The green from the chlorophyll fades at the end of summer, revealing the yellow-orange hue of carotenes and xanthophylls during the fall.

Interestingly, the redder tones of fall are less easily explained. Biologists know that the red colour comes from anthocyanins—a chemical which, like chlorophyll, is not present in the leaf year-round. Rather, anthocyanins are produced only during the fall, as chlorophyll is broken down.

Its function is less clear. Some hold that anthocyanins act as a kind of sunscreen, protecting nutrients in the leaf from sunlight and keeping it on the branch longer. William Hoch, a professor at Montana State University, conducted an experiment in 2001 using mutant trees that could not produce anthocyanins. He placed them in bright sunlight and cold temperatures, and found that leaves from these trees fell while they were still green.

According to Hoch, leaves are redder when external conditions are harsher. When temperatures are colder and the sun is stronger, a leaf requires more anthocyanins to provide it with the nutrients that keep it on the branch. With less sunlight and more rain clouds, trees need less anthocyanins and are therefore less red.

Leaves’ hues depend on the amount of external stressors; nutrient levels in the soil, pollution, and exposure to sunlight are just some of the elements that determine anthocyanin production. The main debate surrounding anthocyanin is how it responds to these different environmental stimuli. Experts are still at odds over which conditions produce the reddest leaves.

In any case, the spectrum of colours that emerges during the fall does so as green chlorophyll fades, revealing yellow xanthophylls and orange carotenes. Red anthocyanins are produced to protect nutrients and keep the leaf on the tree. Once the leaf runs out of moisture and nutrients, it falls to the ground.

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