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a, Sports

Major League Baseball Playoff Preview

American League

New York Yankees

Unsurprisingly, the Bronx Bombers find themselves in the thick of it in October. The Yankees carry the most World Series titles of any club in history and they will not be fazed by the sport’s biggest stage. The Yanks are equipped with an explosive arsenal of big arms in C.C. Sabathia and Hiroki Kuroda. The usual offensive suspects Alex Rodriguez, Curtis Granderson, and Derek Jeter means opposing teams will have their hands full. It’s always hard to bet against the Yanks; and this year it is particularly true, as their arch-nemeses, the Red Sox, hit the links early. Look for New York to contend for yet another World Series championship. Anything less than an American League crown will be a disappointment.

Detroit Tigers

Although the Tigers are limping rather than roaring into the playoffs, they do so on the backs of two big league stars. Miguel Cabrera and Prince Fielder are two of the best hitters in baseball, and together form the best one-two punch in the game. Fielder made the transition to the American League better than his other high-priced contemporary, Albert Pujols, and it is paying off in Detroit. In addition, ace Justin Verlander had another strong year on the mound, vying for his second consecutive Cy Young award. Whether or not the bats of Cabrera and Fielder will keep producing deep into October, this team has shown that it is capable of duelling with the big boys in the AL.

Texas Rangers

The Rangers have guaranteed themselves a trip to the playoffs with their win on Sunday, and barring any meltdowns, will win their division as well. Texas is one of only eight MLB teams never to have won a World Series. This especially hurts considering the team has made the October classic the past two seasons. Texas is trying to knock the monkey off its back and has the ability to do so, but making the World Series three years in a row is no small feat. Yu Darvish has provided some exciting, young talent on the mound, but his control issues will make him tough to rely upon heading into the postseason. The team, however, can certainly trust Josh Hamilton to produce and lead an offence that will be an integral part of another World Series push.

Baltimore Orioles

The Orioles came out of nowhere this year. Having last reached the playoffs in 1997, and with nothing to indicate a turn-around, they have already exceeded expectations. Any route out of the American League is a difficult one, but armed with some potent bats in Nick Markakis and Adam Jones, one can count on Baltimore’s firepower moving forward. Additionally, closer Jim Johnson, the MLB’s league leader in saves, assures Baltimore fans that most leads are safe come crunch-time. A duel with the Yanks seems imminent and that spells trouble for this Cinderella story.

Oakland Athletics

Oakland is another team that came out of nowhere in the American league. Looking to return to the postseason for the first time in over a decade, these boys have shown that there is more to them than just Brad Pitt movies. Brandon Moss continues to pummel the ball, and youthful phenom Yoenis Cespedes’ blistering speed seemingly allows him to score on anything hit to the outfield. The A’s also have a fairly deep and reliable pitching staff. This is particularly important on a roster that lacks a true ace. Many people counted out the A’s following some questionable offseason trades, but this team has punch. Should Oakland manage to get through the wild-card showdown, that tenacity could help grind out a win in the American League Divisional Series.

National League

Washington Nationals 

In what was supposed to be yet another building year in D.C., has turned out to be a breakout campaign that few saw coming. The Nats head into the postseason as the team to beat in the NL, compiling the best run differential in the league during the regular season. Much of their success came on the backs of, arguably, the best pitching staff in the league, led by Stephen Strasburg, Gio Gonzalez, and Jordan Zimmerman. Washington made the tough decision to shut down Strasburg in September, abiding by the inning limit set for him in Spring Training. Nevertheless, this weakened pitching staff will be backed by a deep lineup, featuring plenty of power hitters including Adam LaRoche, Ryan Zimmerman, Michael Morse, Jayson Werth, and rookie phenom Bryce Harper. That being said, Nats fans can only hope that cutting out Strasburg won’t hurt their World Series chances.

Cincinnati Reds

Coming off of their most successful season since 1990 when they won the World Series, the Reds franchise is rejuvenated thanks to a pitching staff and bullpen that sits atop most major pitching categories. All five starters have been fairly effective this season, headlined by NL Cy Young candidate Johnny Cueto and offseason acquisition Mat Latos. The bullpen features electric closer Aroldis Chapman, who should hope that his arm won’t fatigue in October. The offence, though, is what may drive the Reds out of the postseason. 2010 National League MVP Joey Votto missed most of July and all of August after undergoing arthroscopic surgery to repair torn cartilage in his knee. Second-baseman Brandon Phillips provides consistency, but nothing that will make opposing pitchers scared. The bright spot in the lineup is outfielder Jay Bruce, who mashed 34 home runs and will continue to be relied on if Votto can’t regain his form. With this in mind, disappointment seems likely in Cincy.

San Francisco Giants 

The Giants are back in the playoffs after their magical 2010 season, which culminated in an unexpected World Series championship. This year’s roster is reminiscent of that team. The pitching staff is solid, despite a horrible year for former ace Tim Lincecum. Matt Cain, Madison Bumgarner, and Ryan Vogelsong have anchored the staff and kept San Fran competitive throughout the year. However, the offence leaves something to be desired, as the team ranks last in home runs. The Giants will rely heavily on catcher Buster Posey, who has set a torrid pace since July. Trade deadline acquisition Hunter Pence helped jumpstart the offence a bit, but without Pablo Sandoval and Brandon Belt performing, the team may struggle to manufacture runs. The Giants will have to play small ball—a strategy that has worked in the past. If Lincecum can somehow regain his form in the postseason, San Fran may be the sleeper team to emerge from the NL.

Atlanta Braves

Despite being overshadowed by the incredible season put together by their division rivals—the Washington Nationals—the Braves are sneakily good. Michael Bourn and Jason Heyward are a lethal outfielding duo at the plate as well as on the grass, while Kristopher Medlen has been great as Atlanta’s chief starting pitcher. This team will be dangerous should the bats stay hot and Medlen continues his success. Additionally, the Braves have the air of a team that has been there before, which is crucial as October creeps along. Getting past the wild-card showdown seems likely, and beating Washington without Strasburg is a definite possibility. Look for this team to challenge for the NL crown.

St. Louis Cardinals

Getting rid of Albert Pujols hasn’t been too bad for the Cardinals. Catcher Yadier Molina has taken the reins of power production and performed well in the role. Coupling him with fellow offensive juggernauts Carlos Beltran and Allen Craig, and Kyle Lohse’s unbelievable 16-3 record on the mound, St. Louis has done well for a so-called rebuilding year. Athough the goal will be to defend their World Series championship, any results past the wild card showdown would be a pleasant surprise for the team and Cards’ fans.

Ryan Besse dominated Carleton, tallying four goals in the vicotry. (Michael King / McGill Tribune)
a, Sports

Redmen depth proves too much for Carleton

The Redmen lacrosse team cruised to a 17-3 victory over the Carleton Ravens on Saturday afternoon, demonstrating once again why the program is hailed as one of McGill’s best.

The McGill squad (6-1) showcased its roster depth throughout the match. However, the Redmen opened with an uncharacteristically slow start, as the Ravens (1-3) dominated play scored just under seven minutes into the first quarter. This prompted Head Coach Timothy Murdoch to call a timeout, upset with his team’s lack of aggression.

“I told them to tighten up the loose ends; we took two silly offside penalties and I told them to forget about it,” Murdoch explained.

The message was well received, and proved to be a turning point for the offence that currently leads the RSEQ in goals scored. The team went on to score 15 unanswered tallies and controlled the play for the rest of the match.

Ryan Besse, McGill’s all-time leading goal scorer, led the offensive outburst and added four goals to attackman Connor Goodwin’s hat trick. Richie Klares proved to be the game’s best playmaker, leading the team with three assists and tallying a goal of his own.  Overall, the scoresheet was a testament to McGill’s depth, as 10 different Redmen registered a goal over the course of  the afternoon.

Despite the clear offensive onslaught, McGill’s victory was also largely attributed to its defensive effort. Surprisingly, Murdoch opted to start his substitute defensemen for the game—a successful move, and one that again illustrated just how vast the talent is in the McGill squad. Carleton was consistently shut down by the Redmen’s aggressive and well-disciplined play. The Ravens’ offence was blatantly frustrated and unable to convert on their scarce possessions.

“We have such a deep bench,” Murdoch said.  “[We have] a lot of talent on this team and a lot of guys ready to play at any time.”

Even though the score was indicative of McGill’s domination, large scoring margins often make players complacent. However, the entire Redmen team stayed focused on the task at hand, and did not let up on the Ravens despite the significant lead they had throughout the game.

Murdoch attributed his team’s mental discipline to the players’ mindset coming into the game.

“Our guys aren’t cocky at all,” he said. “We never take anyone lightly, and particularly [not] Carleton, who we’ve had trouble with over the last few years.”

The victory proved to be an important one for the team’s confidence, after the Redmen fell in a heartbreaking 11-10 decision against the Bishop’s Gaiters on Thursday. The Gaiters are currently challenging the Redmen for the top spot in the Eastern Conference.

A deep and cohesive squad will continue to help McGill work towards a chance to play in the CUFLA championship, after bowing out in the semifinals last season.

The Redmen journey to Ottawa on Oct. 4 for a rematch against Carleton, who will be looking to redeem itself.

The Redmen study film before their final preseason game. (Simon Poitrimolt / McGill Tribune)
a, Sports

Redmen Hockey Preview

The McGill Redmen hockey team enters the 2012-2013 campaign as the defending National Champions for the first time in its 137-year history. Last year, just one season after losing in the CIS Final to the University of New Brunswick Varsity Reds, the Redmen hoisted the trophy in the 50th edition of the University Cup. They defeated the Western Mustangs 4-3 in overtime.

Captain Evan Vossen led by example during the game, netting the OT-winner and finishing his Redmen career with a school record of 216 games played.

This year’s edition of the Redmen looks markedly different from their championship squad. The team’s top six scorers from last season have all graduated.  This group includes Vossen, league MVP and Defenseman of the Year Marc-André Dorion, two-time league leader in goals Francis Verrault-Paul, and former MVP and scoring champion Alex Picard-Hooper.

Despite a slew of new faces and the departure of the core group of leaders, Head Coach Kelly Nobes—entering his third campaign as Redmen bench boss—has the same high expectations for this year’s team.

“We’re not changing the style that we’re going to play,” Nobes said. “We’re going to play the same style that we’ve played the last two years: up-tempo, aggressive [and] in your face.”

Those are encouraging words for McGill hockey fans, who watched their team skate to a 22-4-2 record in 2011-2012. The Redmen finished with the best record in the league for the second consecutive season, but did so in the face of stiffer competition. They were very successful in tight contests, finishing with an astonishing 12-1-2 record in one-goal games.

[pullquote]“We’re all part of a big winning tradition at McGill,” Brunelle said. “It’s like the players, the individuals, don’t really matter. We’re just a big family. We feel like a group already.”[/pullquote]

This season, the title of National Champions may earn the Redmen even more attention from their opponents. The target is on their backs, making the task of repeating their historic victory that much more difficult. However, this is the sort of pressure that championship teams embrace.

“We don’t resent it, we relish it,” Nobes said. “Our standard of play has to be there, night in and night out. That’s how we approach it. At the end of the day, it makes us better.”

Though this year’s team is short on veteran experience, it is loaded with youthful speed, skill, and grit. The Redmen will lean on their increased toughness and balanced attack in the quest for another national championship. Though player turnover is a valid cause for concern, the team’s chemistry is developing much faster than Coach Nobes had anticipated. First-year winger Jonathan Brunelle is the perfect example of a rookie who has bought into the team’s system.

“We’re all part of a big winning tradition at McGill,” Brunelle said. “It’s like the players, the individuals, don’t really matter. We’re just a big family. We feel like a group already.”

With nine freshmen on the roster, the Redmen will look for leadership from the few returning players they do have.

Although not technically a returning player, defenceman Guillaume Monast hopes to be one of these leaders. Monast sat out last season in order to be eligible to play in the CIS, after splitting his time during the 2010-2011 season between the East Coast Hockey League (ECHL) and American Hockey League (AHL). Though he found it difficult to sit in the press box, Monast was able to study the system and gain insight into how he can best contribute to this season’s success. Monast offered another vote of confidence for the new recruits.

“Everyone brings something to the table,” Monast said. “The new guys are young, but they are very good players. They have all been captains before, and they are smart players who know what to do.”

Despite an offseason of changes, optimism still emanates from the Redmen dressing room. The team posted a 3-1 preseason record, including a convincing 6-2 victory over Western. Coach Nobes leads his team into the 2012-2013 season with a career regular season record of 46-6-4, which only sets the bar higher for this year’s new-look team.

The McGill Redmen open the season on the road against the Concordia Stingers on Oct. 5. They will raise their championship banner at home on Oct. 6 against UQTR.

a, Behind the Bench, Sports

The Boston Pizza Bruins? Not for my kid.

In parenthood, our primary concern will be raising our children properly, from ensuring their happiness and well-being to familiarizing them with the colours of division rivals. The proudest occasion of any sport-loving parent will be the purchase of his or her child’s first jersey.

Picture the joy on their faces upon unboxing the iconic Bruins spoked-B or the classic Celtics’ green. Then picture the desolation on yours as they happily point to the horrid ads surrounding the team’s emblazoned logo. Sadly, this will be reality of North American sports in the near future.

The never-ending quest to increase revenue streams is now targeting the very aspect sports fans love and cherish the most—the jersey. Is there no end to this madness?

Europeans are already accustomed to jersey advertisements. The biggest soccer clubs in the world have large prints of company logos adorning the front of their jerseys. The situation is even worse in European hockey, where players look like Jimmie Johnson’s racecar.

Luckily, the trend has not yet caught on in any major North American sports. Particular care and thought have always gone into designing the jerseys of these leagues. Remakes and alternative styles are constantly introduced, and radical models ultimately fade away, replaced by those that manage to preserve a sense of tradition.

Nevertheless, change is inevitable and necessary in sporting gear. Hockey, for example, has benefitted greatly from the implementation of protective gear and high-performance equipment. Even jerseys have been subject to technological advancements. While original garments used wool and cotton, players today have the added advantage of micro-fiber material, which keeps them dry by wicking sweat away to the surface. To a certain extent, this keeps the player more comfortable and, hopefully, allows for a certain degree of performance improvement. However, beyond these small technological benefits, the jersey has remained true to tradition and replicas have continued to sell.

While sports merchandise already represents a steady and important source of income, leagues see no harm in exploring all avenues to bolster profits. And when this could lead to an additional $100 million in revenue—the amount earned by the English Premier League in 2010—their eagerness in pursuing such a path is understandable.

According to a report by Sports Illustrated, the NBA plans to introduce jersey ads at the beginning of the 2013-2014 season. Considering the NBA is an industry of entertainment with internatinal access, it would be foolish not to pursue these changes. Where fans see tradition violated, owners see new, lucrative traditions. Where fans see a fashion faux-pas, owners see fashion statements; and where fans see selling out, owners see adapting to changing times.

Admittedly, the NHL and other North American leagues could benefit by following in the NBA’s footsteps. Isn’t the current lockout mainly hinged upon a dispute in revenue sharing? A nine-figure increase in profits would go a long way in settling their differences. These advertisements would allow for an astronomical margin of profit once the cost of stitching on the patches is deducted. The owners win, the players are satisfied, and the fans get their beloved sport back.

Although I dislike the idea, I am more than willing to give it a chance for the sake of the growth and improvement of the games that I love. Who knows, perhaps the ad placements won’t be as bad as originally perceived. It all boils down to a question of tradition, but what are modern day professional sports but corporate versions of these once unprofitable pastimes? Fans still hold considerable leverage, as seen in the recent events surrounding the replacement referees in the NFL. As clients of the leagues, if we value tradition, we should voice such an opinion and reshape the outcome to our liking. The final product will ultimately depend on fan approval.

 

a, Science & Technology

Don’t Knock the Floppy

Different generations can’t understand each other when it comes to technology.

When older professors discuss the joys of computer programming on punched cards, I nod periodically and feign interest, but secretly send texts under the table.

Soon enough, however, it will be us spouting technological trivialities on the next generation’s deaf ears. In fact, it’s already happening to me. A friend asked me recently if I knew about 8-tracks, and I replied in the affirmative: “Yes, of course, apparently they were quite useless because they jammed all the time.” It turned out she was referring to the internet radio site, 8tracks.com, not the obsolete sound recording technology I assumed we were discussing.

While few will feel regret as 8-tracks fade from memory, there are a number of much loved gadgets, revolutionary in their day, which will never be known by future generations. The rise of cell phones is bringing about the fall of wrist watches, themselves responsible for shoving pocket watches off the world stage. Future generations may wonder: What is that thing the white rabbit keeps looking at? Why would Dumbledore have to wind his cell phone?

Just as we smile bemusedly at the mention of floppy discs, tomorrow’s youth will return blank stares at references to encyclopedia sets. Think back to your first memory of reading: it probably involves a book that was used, shared, or gifted. E-books could spell the end of book exchanges between travellers in hostels, lending a favourite book to someone you know will appreciate it, and getting the feel of where a book has been by touching its pages.

Photography is an even sharper example of the shift from hard copy to digital. It is not uncommon to see seven-year-olds toting around iPhones and taking pictures at arm’s length. How many will grow up without the memory of looking through a viewfinder, or winding film? Will any of them experience the magic of an image suddenly materializing out of nothing on a blank page in a dark room, or the anticipation of taking in a completed roll to be developed, and the surprise at getting the photos back?

The benefits of new, innovative technologies are obvious and numerous; but respect is owed to the various successes and failures along the way. Those intermediaries made the improved, more efficient versions of today possible.

In the words of Terry Pratchett, author of Discworld: “It is important that we know where we come from, because if you do not know where you come from, then you don’t know where you are, and if you don’t know where you are, you don’t know where you’re going. And if you don’t know where you’re going, you’re probably going wrong.”

a, Science & Technology

Patents: from the McGill lab to the world market

At many universities, like McGill, the seeds of the next great invention could be awaiting discovery—in a student sketchbook, a lab notebook, or on the corner of a professor’s desk. While the allure of invention is strong, the high cost of obtaining a U.S. patent (usually between $20,000-100,000 and sometimes more) often has an inhibiting effect on academic patents.

This may be resolved with a bit of institutional help, according to Associate Director Commercialization Michèle Beaulieu, of the McGill Office of Sponsored Research (OSR). The OSR offers professors at McGill services and support in the realm of intellectual property matters. For example, McGill will cover the cost for inventions that have commercial potential. What’s more, this potential isn’t necessarily restricted to a potential for profit. As evidenced by many McGill inventions, patenting has proved to be instrumental in bringing beneficial and commercially valuable products to market.

“We look at market need. If there is a need that this invention can meet, then yes, it is good enough for us,” said Beaulieu. “Our objective is not to make money, first and foremost; it is to make sure, ultimately, that if a researcher reports an invention to us [and] this invention has potential, that we will try […] to find a way to get this to market so that it will benefit people.”

Dr. Satya Prakash, from the department of biomedical engineering, is one of many McGill professors who have benefited from the intellectual property expertise in the OSR. With a successful company, Micropharma, Prakas has approximately 50 patents to his name.

“They’re very, very supportive,” Prakash said. “We are researchers […] We have no idea how to do these things, they are the first stop.”

However, not every project culminates in a patent. Despite the many resources offered through the OSR, the publications produced at McGill still far outnumber patents. For many professors and students, patenting does not seem to be a priority. However, Prakash thinks it is an integral part of bringing potential products developed by universities to the market.

“Patenting […] in university is very helpful, extremely useful,” Prakash said. “There is no other way [to] bring value to your product. You cannot make it without patenting it, and McGill has a very special program for that through the Office [of Sponsored Research].”

Changes to intellectual property law, currently sweeping the United States, will make patenting even easier. Last month marked the one-year anniversary of President Obama signing the America Invents Act into law. The act, which will take full effect this coming spring, will lead to sweeping and long overdue reforms to U.S. intellectual property law.

This includes a shift from a first-to-invent to a first-to-file system—which will lead to an estimated 22 per cent decrease in the fees required to file for a patent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office­.

The first-to-file system grants a patent to the first inventor to file for a patent. In contrast, the first-to-invent system, seeks to grant patents to the first inventor to conceive an idea. First-to-file is inherently much simpler and cheaper to document.

Regardless of changing international intellectual property laws, the experienced hands at offices like the OSR can make the patenting process and cost manageable. What’s more, these changes are not expected to have much effect on the average McGill inventor attempting to patent their brilliant idea or invention, says Beaulieu.

“The U.S. was the only country that had that requirement, that first-to-invent versus first-to-file. Every[where] else, it is first-to-file. So it has not really changed anything in the way we do business.”

Super soldier ants dwarf worker ants. (flickriver.com)
a, Science & Technology

Freak ants reveal evolutionary truths to researchers

It turns out your high school science teacher was wrong. While evolution can seem like a random series of events, some researchers are arguing that there may be a non-random, or even predictable, aspect to the process.

Ehad Abouheif, Canada research chair in evolutionary developmental biology, and associate professor of biology at McGill, conducts research on ants and the nature of evolution. Ants are ideal for study because they have a complex social hierarchy—workers, soldiers, queens—as well as great diversity, with over 15,000 species.

“Because they are so dramatic, they make phenomenons that are often hard to see in other organisms [obvious], and bring out effects that you could easily miss with a solitary creature,”Abouheif said.

One of his main projects involves super solider ants, vastly larger and stronger than regular soldier ants (the colony protectors), these insects were discovered in the colonies of several species in Arizona. However, Abouheif stumbled upon super soldiers in ant colonies in Long Island, nearly 4,000 km from Arizona. He began studying these colonies, hoping to discover the trait that triggers the transformation.

Abouheif injected larvae with growth hormones at different points in their development, and eventually found the critical moment when the the super soldier gene could be activated. Rather than developing into small, short-lived worker ants, these larvae grew into giant super soldiers. Furthermore, Abouheif found that while few had these giants in their natural colonies, many species of ant larvae could successfully become super soldiers in the lab.

“[Historically], there were super soldiers,” Abouheif said. “Then somewhere in evolution, [ants] lost the phenotypic expression of them, but they retained this potential to produce them; that given some kind of environmental stress, with hormones and nutrition […] you can get the super soldiers to pop out.”

This discovery reinforced Abouheif’s belief that environmental cues play a crucial role in genetic expression, and that freak ants reveal a hidden evolutionary potential that may be present in all species. As humans ingest an increasing amount of growth hormone in food, we could potentially unlock traits only seen in our ancestors.

Another piece of this evolutionary puzzle arose in separate research. Abouheif found an unusual trait in a species of tropical ants: their heads were split down the middle, with one half male and the other female. In another case, the heads were half worker, and half soldier.

Abouheif uncovered a seven-year-old report of the split-head ants on a completely different continent, in a separate species of ant. Digging through older literature, Abouheif came across even more examples.

The split-head trait cannot be entirely genetic, says Abouheif. It is not only due to a mutation in the genome, but also some environmental factor which is changing the way in which the genes are expressed. The fact that this trait occurred and survived in so many isolated colonies was telling to Abouheif.

“We [are] seeing this really rare thing that’s revealing a deep predictability about evolution.”

Discoveries like these are changing assumptions about the random nature of evolution. Super soldiers “are not totally bizarre, random freaks,” but the result of genes from an organism’s ancestry reacting to environmental stimuli.

If evolution is not entirely random, then the ability to predict patterns in genes’ expression will allow for a greater understanding of all organisms, Abouheif says.

“Who knows what kind of potentials we could be activating in humans, other animals, all kinds of things.”

Audrey Moores (chemistry.mcgill.ca)
a, Science & Technology

Audrey Moores: on a quest for ‘greener’ chemistry

Most people associate chemistry with toxic fumes and caustic materials. The Green Chemistry movement, which began in the 1990s, is working to change both the perception and the reality of the field.

  Dr. Audrey Moores, an assistant professor in the McGill department of chemistry, focuses on green chemistry in her research.

“What green chemistry proposes is [that] when you do chemistry, you have to think about health, the environment, and you have to try and design new things that will take this into account much better.”

On September 13, Moores gave a presentation on green chemistry, nanoparticles, and catalysis in the Fall edition of Soup and Science, a lunch lecture series by McGill professors held each semester. Last week, she sat down with the Tribune to discuss her research and the green chemistry philosophy.

“Chemistry used to be focused only on the chemical equation of a chemical reaction itself. Now, it’s considering everything around it:  where are my starting materials coming from? Where is my product going? Where is my waste going? And so on.”

In her lab, Moores’ work focuses on trying to find and design recyclable catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that, when added to a chemical process, makes it more efficient. For example, platinum is a catalyst used in cars to speed up the conversion of carbon monoxide, a toxic gas, into the less harmful carbon dioxide.

“If you have a catalyst, you need to make sure it can be recovered after the reaction and can be reused again and again,” Moores said.  “In trying to design new catalysts, one of the things we use [are] nanoparticles.”

Due to their small size (between 100 and one nm in diameter), each nanoparticle has a high surface area, making them ideal catalysts.

Moores’ lab is focusing on using iron to replace palladium in hydrogenation reactions. Hydrogenation, or the addition of hydrogen to any molecule, is used in many different applications: in the food industry, hydrogenation is used to make margarine.

The problem with using palladium in the reaction is the potential for leaching. The FDA, European Union, and other bodies strongly regulate the quantity of noble metals, like palladium,  in food and pharmacuticals because of their negative health effects.

Iron is a safer alternative and is less likely to leach into the final product. For example, because iron is magnetic, catalysts can be easily extracted  from the lab’s final product. Another huge point in iron’s favour is price: one kilogram of palladium sells for $2,116.44 while the same quantity of iron sells for $0.12.

Finding better alternatives—such as iron instead of palladium—is the goal of green chemistry. However, this process is not always simple.

A big issue in green chemistry is the process of ‘green washing’ or ‘green sheen.’ This is a term for projects in which more money or time has been spent on advertising ‘greenness’ than on environmentally sound practices.

“We want to equip our students with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions about what is green and what’s not,” said Moores.

Undergraduate students interested in learning more about green chemistry can take CHEM 462, taught by Moores and Professor Chao-Jun Li. The course, Green Chemistry, is offered in the Fall semester, and covers topics such as renewable feedstocks, catalysts and reagents, biocatalysis. It provides students with the opportunity to study in an ever-evolving field.

“We use the term green chemistry, but it really we should call that greener chemistry, because there’s no end to it.” Moores said. “It’s a work in progress.”

Despite the persistent rainfall, protesters marched downtown on Saturday Sept. 22 in a demonstration organized by Coalition Large de l’Association pour un Solidarité Syndicale Étudiante (CLASSE). (Luke Orlando / McGill Tribune)
a, Creative

Vol 32. Issue 4

Latest photos from Issue 4 of 2012-2013.

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