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Jon Elster gives talk

Columbia University’s Jon Elster, a renowned scholar in rational choice theory, delivered the René Cassin Lecture in the Faculty of Law on Thursday entitled “Justice, Truth, and Peace.” In a discussion attended mainly by Law professors and students, Elster argued that most of the time, justice, truth, and peace don’t go together.

Elster is the latest in a line of respected scholars to give the lecture. Named after the 1968 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, the lecture series hopes to attract renowned speakers to discuss a growing need for human rights education and engagement beyond the university.

As Dean of Law Daniel Jutras noted, Elster’s “research includes a range of political philosophy, including the rational choice theory, the theory of distributive justice, and history of social thought.”

In his lecture, Elster pointed out that two good things might not always work well together. For example, profits and community benefits are both good things individually, but they can clash in certain situations.

Even in profit-sharing schemes, such a system is inefficient. “When transferring wealth from a rich person to a poor person, some wealth is often destroyed or not created,” Elster said.

Elster argued that the same principles can be applied to truth, justice, and peace, even if this seems somewhat counterintuitive. Conflict resolution, he says. comes in three steps. First, there must be justice in the forms of punishment for the wrongdoers and reparation for victims. Second, truth commissions are set up to uncover and document the wrongdoings that took place. Finally, the establishment of a durable peace is of overwhelming importance.

In his lecture, Elster discussed the link between justice and truth. For example, the justice system may serve the goal of truth “when truth is produced as a byproduct of the ordinary workings of the justice system,” he said.  

“The Nuremberg trials served this function as the public trial exposed the wrongdoing of the wrongdoers,” he added.

Truth may also serve the goal of justice, such as when publication of the names of wrongdoers exposes them to public contempt. Additionally, truth may also provide justice to victims by laying down the factual groundwork for reparations.

“There is also a link between truth and peace,” Elster said. “Truth commissions, for example, can help preserve the peace.

“Truth commissions prevent resurgence of armed conflict, by making it impossible to deny the massive wrongdoings that took place,” Elster said.

The framework breaks down however, when the three things are brought together, like in the case of public apologies. Official apologies occur when regimes acknowledge their past wrongdoings. Often, these apologies do not go hand in hand with compensation.

The dangers of apologies come at a time when politicians around the world have expressed regret and remorse for what their predecessors did at various times in the past.

Elster argued that often these public apologies become meaningless.  

“Sometimes they have used moral impersonal language, as when deploring these past actions or acknowledging that they were wrong,” he said. “The moral status of these statements is highly ambiguous. Often, they are nothing short of meaningless. To apologize for what dead individuals did to other dead individuals is absurd on metaphysical grounds.”

Some, though, have questioned his controversial opinion.

“I found the concept that public apologies have no real meaning is interesting if debatable,” said Siddharth Mishra, U1 economics. “On a rational standpoint, his arguments make sense in terms of pure utility. But there is a lot of criticism of that particular framework is too narrow, and too encapsulate political actions.”

Regardless, the scholarly lecture presented and shared new ideas.

“It was interesting; it brought a whole new perspective,” Mishra said. “And that is what it is all about, sharing ideas.”

Sport

Morbi leo risus, porta ac consectetur ac, vestibulum at eros

This is some dummy copy. You’re not really supposed to read this dummy copy, it is just a place holder for people who need some type to visualize what the actual copy might look like if it were real content.

If you want to read, I might suggest a good book, perhaps Hemingway or Melville. That’s why they call it, the dummy copy. This, of course, is not the real copy for this entry. Rest assured, the words will expand the concept. With clarity. Conviction. And a little wit.

In today’s competitive market environment, the body copy of your entry must lead the reader through a series of disarmingly simple thoughts.

All your supporting arguments must be communicated with simplicity and charm. And in such a way that the reader will read on. (After all, that’s a reader’s job: to read, isn’t it?) And by the time your readers have reached this point in the finished copy, you will have convinced them that you not only respect their intelligence, but you also understand their needs as consumers.

As a result of which, your entry will repay your efforts. Take your sales; simply put, they will rise. Likewise your credibility. There’s every chance your competitors will wish they’d placed this entry, not you. While your customers will have probably forgotten that your competitors even exist. Which brings us, by a somewhat circuitous route, to another small point, but one which we feel should be raised.

Long copy or short – You decide

As a marketer, you probably don’t even believe in body copy. Let alone long body copy. (Unless you have a long body yourself.) Well, truth is, who‘s to blame you? Fact is, too much long body copy is dotted with such indulgent little phrases like truth is, fact is, and who’s to blame you. Trust us: we guarantee, with a hand over our heart, that no such indulgent rubbish will appear in your entry. That’s why God gave us big blue pencils. So we can expunge every example of witted waffle.

For you, the skies will be blue, the birds will sing, and your copy will be crafted by a dedicated little man whose wife will be sitting at home, knitting, wondering why your entry demands more of her husband‘s time than it should.

But you will know why, won‘t you? You will have given her husband a chance to immortalize himself in print, writing some of the most persuasive prose on behalf of a truly enlightened purveyor of widgets. And so, while your dedicated reader, enslaved to each mellifluous paragraph, clutches his newspaper with increasing interest and intention to purchase, you can count all your increased profits and take pots of money to your bank. Sadly, this is not the real copy for this entry. But it could well be. All you have to do is look at the account executive sitting across your desk (the fellow with the lugubrious face and the calf-like eyes), and say ”Yes! Yes! Yes!“ And anything you want, body copy, dinners, women, will be yours. Couldn’t be fairer than that, could we?

Opinion

An apology

McGill Tribune

My name is Haaris Khan. I am not an anti-Semite. I am not a terrorist. I am not a threat to my fellow students on campus. I can be an idiot sometimes, though. I’ve learned that using my voice in a public forum comes with great responsibility. Politics can be nasty and human emotion can lead to colossal errors. In my case, I can only say that I erred in such a way. For that I am very sorry. My comments were totally inappropriate and I would never harm my fellow students. I have never been a violent person and I have never had any violent altercations in my life. I came to McGill University wanting to contribute, not destroy.

My comments on Twitter last week have caused quite a bit of concern for some students on campus, McGill security services, school administration, and the police. I recognize the gravity of the situation considering the nature of my tweets, which were meant in jest. After reflecting on my comments, I can only say that I truly regret saying them and that it was a very poor decision.

One question that seems to come up a lot is why I reacted the way I did to the documentary screening hosted by Conservative McGill and Libertarian McGill. Really, it had little to do with the movie itself and more to do with the negative attitude I had going into the event, my pre-existing ideological differences with those at the event, and the fact that I wasn’t in the right state of mind at the time.

I am anti-Zionist. The Israel-Palestine conflict is a very sensitive subject and it’s easy to become worked up about it if you care passionately about the issue. I also realize that anti-Zionism tends to go hand in hand with anti-Semitism because of the complex relationship between the Jewish identity and Israel. This creates a fine line when it comes to criticizing Israel and Zionism. I do not harbour any hatred towards Jewish people. My Jewish sister-in-law, whom I love very dearly, and my niece who is Jewish by tradition are both people that are close to my heart and their cultural or religious backgrounds have nothing to do with how I see them.

I think that Jewish culture is colourful and its history is inspirational. My objection to the policies of the state of Israel and the treatment of the Palestinians are purely political and in no way reflect how I view Jewish people.

I apologize to those who were at the screening of Indoctrinate U and any other people who were offended or felt threatened by my tweets. It was never my intention to be a divisive or antagonistic figure at McGill. I have strong opinions and a strong passion for justice. My goal now is to channel that into a more responsible discourse.

Opinion

Student leaders should speak for themselves

McGill Tribune

Queen’s University students are set to vote on a referendum question which would recommend to the university council that it move to impeach Nick Day, the university’s elected rector. Day—whose position is the third highest in the university and is mandated to represent students—drew national attention last week when he posted a note on Rabble.ca criticizing Michael Ignatieff for condemning Israel Apartheid Week. Day wrote: “I was elected to represent the approximately 20,000 students of Queen’s University. If I ever used the influence of my office and the power of my public voice, as you have, to insulate from criticism the perpetrator of a mass-slaughter, I would have a very difficult time sleeping at night.” Controversially, he signed the letter as “Nick Day, Rector, Queen’s University.”

While it seems true that, as Day later contested, he never claimed to be speaking for his 20,000 Queen’s constituents, it is obvious that by signing the letter with his position he sought to add more authority to his views than merely writing his name would have gotten him. It is common practice to assume that a letter invoking someone’s position means they are writing in that specific capacity, and not as a mere layperson. Queen’s students are appropriately upset about Day’s mistake.

It is important, in light of the controversial nature of the topic, to be clear about what is at issue. Everyone is free to agree or disagree with the stance Day took in supporting Israel Apartheid Week; the more important discussion is about a student leader who used his position in a way he was not elected to do. We have seen this at McGill recently, too, when Students’ Society President Zach Newburgh sent emails from his president account to make contacts with other student leaders regarding Jobbook.com. Both Newburgh and Day made errors in judgment. The Tribune believes it is inappropriate for student leaders to use their positions of authority for advocating on issues not directly related to student life and on which it is far from clear they have a mandate from students to speak on their behalf. If Day wanted to invoke his position in the online letter, he should have made it clear that he was speaking for himself only. Student leaders are elected to speak for students in a certain context; the Day controversy shows that when leaders exit that context, they need to be especially clear who they are representing and how.

Day published a statement in the Queen’s Journal this weekend arguing that one of the duties of the rector is to “foster academic dialogue” among Queen’s students, and that his publishing the letter falls under this category. This is a gross misinterpretation of why people are upset. Day needs to apologize for abusing his title. If he continues to insist, as he did in the Journal article, on his erroneous conception of the duties of a student leader, the referendum question urging university council to impeach might not be such a bad idea.

Opinion

Quebec raises tuition, fines McGill for same

McGill Tribune

According to a recent survery released by McGill’s MBA Student Association, 70 per cent of MBA students believe the cost of their program is at or below a reasonable level. When even students are standing up for tuition hikes, that’s when the province needs to stand down.

It’s unclear what the QuebecMinistry of Education intended to accomplish when it slapped McGill with a $2 million penalty for switching to the self-funded model for its MBA program, but the gesture comes across as little more than a symbolic slap on the wrist. The Tribune has voiced its support in previous editorials for the change in the MBA program, but the reasons are worth revisiting. Prior to last year’s drastic increase, a $10,000 deficit between operating costs of the MBA program and funding from tuition and government subsidies for it was offset by pilfering funds from the tuition paid by McGill’s undergraduates. Even after the recent tuition increase, MBA students—who often have worked for several years before entering the program and can expect salaries around $80,000 when they graduate—will still be paying far less in tuition than the national average of $40,000. It makes sense for MBA students, who consider the high cost of their education as a worthy investment in their future, to pay for their own education. Since switching to the self-funded model and raising tuition to $27,500, the program has gone from 95th to 57th in the Financial Times’ rankings of international business schools. Also, with increased revenue, McGill has been able to offer better financial aid, claiming to offer students an average of $12,000 to offset the increased costs related to the switch to a self-funded model.

Despite the increase—or, rather, by increasing tuition—McGill has been able to cater to the interests and needs of students far better than the pandering provincial government has cared to. While McGill has increased the amount of finanical aid given to MBA students, Quebec now considers McGill MBA students ineligible to receive aid. If the province really considers the recent increase a burden to students, it should help them shoulder the burden, not make it  even worse. Quebec’s displeasure at the tuition increase seems more of a punishment for McGill’s daring to defy provincial orders than an act in defence of accessible education.

The fine follows through on former education minister Michelle Courchesne’s promise last spring that Quebec would reduce McGill’s subsidies to keep it at the same level of total funding as other MBA programs in the province. While this is the overall goal of the self-funded model—to offer higher quality of education without relying on subsidies from governments and non-MBA students—the $2 million shortage for this year will directly affect the students, necessarily subtracting from the quality of the program or the quantity of student aid offered by the university. Holding back the quality of McGill’s MBA program for the sake of arbitrarily maintaining the lowest MBA tuition in Canada (when the MBA students themselves support the increase), and at the expense of other students, isn’t a strategy for making post-secondary education accessible. Especially in light of the recently announced tuition increases across the board, the $2 million shows the Quebec government to be more interested in empty gestures than in fulfilling the responsibilities of effective government.

McGill should stay the course; students should continue to make their voices heard; the Quebec government should reconsider its intentions and priorities, and should ultimately back down.

Sports

Martlets soar in shootout while Redmen stumble

Martlets

Game

Even indoors, McGill’s women’s soccer team dominated their Quebec competitors.

The McGill Martlets are heading to the Indoor Soccer Provincial Championships after defeating the University of Sherbrooke in a nail-biting game that was finally decided by penalty kicks.

Entering the semifinal undefeated, McGill came to play. They scored 25 minutes into the first half and had multiple other chances, but were unable to convert. McGill fought off Sherbrooke’s comeback for almost an hour, but with 15 minutes to play, the Vert et Or equalized.

“The game was a good [one] against a tough team,” said Head Coach Marc Mounicot. “It was really physical out there but we dominated … and played well.”

Since the match ended in a tie, it went to penalty kicks. In indoor soccer only three players from each team get the chance to take a shot, meaning penalties are even more pressure-packed than their outdoor counterpart. Both McGill and Sherbrooke scored on their first two opportunities. Unfortunately for Sherbrooke, they missed their third shot whereas McGill converted, winning the game and a berth in the final against the University of Montreal Carabins.

 

Season Recap

The regular indoor season was a rousing success as the team finished with six wins and only one tie. However, since Montreal had the same record and a better goal differential, the Carabins ended up first in the standings going into the playoffs.

“Now that we’re in the playoffs we’re not just doing the best we can,” said Mounicot. “During the regular season, we were more oriented towards a process of development with equal playing time and working on technical things, but now we’re trying to win.”

The indoor season was about improving the team as a whole. Defensive organization was an area of special attention, to appreciable success. While the Martlets allowed two goals in their first game, they allowed the same number over the remainder of the regular season and finished the year with an impressive 0.57 goals-against per-game average.

McGill faced UQAM in the first round of playoffs and beat them soundly in a 3-1 victory, propelling the team into the semifinal against Sherbrooke.

“We have a very competitive desire and each game we’re trying to do a little bit better, if we win the provincial championship it will be a great thing for the program and we will be very satisfied with the season,” said Mounicot.

The championship game is against the University of Montreal on March 27 at Trois-Rivières.

 

Redmen

Game

Losing in the semifinals seems to be the Redmen’s fate.

The McGill Redmen were sent home Sunday night after losing to the University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières in a penalty shootout.

McGill entered the semifinals with a 3-1-2 record but UQTR dominated the scoring early with two goals. McGill fought back and rallied to tie the score at two. Yohann Capolungo and Stephen Keefe scored the McGill goals. Capolungo was awarded McGill Player of the Game.

The match ended in a tie and went into penalty kicks. Both McGill and Sherbrooke scored their first two opportunities, but, unfortunately for the Redmen, they missed their third chance and the Patriotes scored their final penalty kick to take the victory.

Season Recap

The Redmen were undefeated in their first four regular season games as they alternated between wins and ties. In their second last game of the season, McGill played a tough team in Laval and lost a close 1-0 game. This was an improvement from their last game in the outdoor season against Laval when they lost 3-0.

McGill allowed only six goals over the course of the regular season, largely due to the strong  play of their goaltenders. Matt Gilmour had an impressive performance in his game against Concordia University where he had 10 saves and a shutout.

Heading into the playoffs, McGill upped their play. Despite only beating UQAM 2-1 in their regular season matchup, the Redmen controlled their quarterfinal matchup en route to a commanding 5-1 victory.

Arts & Entertainment

Contemporary China waves its red flag

Gao Brothers

Beautiful women stare out, lost in a bleak industrial landscape. Naked bodies are crammed into tiny wooden compartments. The sound of barking echoes in the room—a short film portraying office workers as a pack of rabid dogs. These are just a few of the works that confront you at the newest exhibition at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Red Flag: Contemporary Chinese Art.  

Red Flag is a show that represents the versatile work of Chinese artists who have burst onto the international avant-garde scene in the past decade. The work of these artists has been increasingly recognized in the art world; in 2009, 29 Chinese artists were listed on the art market’s top 100, compared to just one only eight years before. The exhibition includes works in many different media—photography, pottery, sculpture, film, and even a tapestry made of human hair.  

Despite this diversity of styles, all the pieces in Red Flag relate to one resounding theme; the jarring disconnect between traditional Chinese culture and modern, urban, industrialized life. Wang Tianade’s work, for example, includes photographs of classic Chinese texts reduced to ashes, and a traditional silk garment slashed and painted with Mandarin characters. Chen Jiagang’s melancholy photographs picture women dressed in mid-19th century clothing, looking displaced in settings that show the dark side of rapid industrialization. Zhan Wang’s stainless steel sculpture seems to sum up these ambiguous feelings—his piece is an ancient mountain rock, covered in a shiny but distorted exterior.

Though it’s a small collection of artwork, the Red Flag exhibition is neither too spacious nor overcrowded. One massive red wall looms over the space, representing the Communist system that still underlies Chinese society. Unfortunately the lighting leaves something to be desired, as what is likely meant as dramatic mood lighting is simply too dim.  

The carefully curated pieces are quite strong as a unit, however, and together they form an intriguing picture of the booming Chinese avant-garde scene. Most interesting is the sense of overwhelming anxiety that these artists have about present-day China. Rapid changes, overpopulation, mass production, Westernization—these worries manifest themselves in powerful works that unflinchingly force the viewer to come face to face with the problematic elements of modern China.  

Red Flag is free at the Museum of Fine Arts, and runs until June 5.

Arts & Entertainment

Fokusing on film as a form of self-expression

Natalia Evdokimova
Natalia Evdokimova

“A camera is a megaphone through which you can express yourself,” says Sophie Dab, TVMcGill’s vice-president external, on why it is important to celebrate amateur filmmaking. The Fokus Film Festival, an annual event held by TVMcGill since 2006, has grown from humble beginnings to a legitimate film festival. Taking place at Cinema du Parc on Wednesday, the festival is sure to impress even the seasoned film critic with the 29 student submissions in five different categories. Here are three movies that offer a sense of what is to be expected from this year’s festival.

 

The Adventures of Bruno Unemployed Superbear / Mark James (Animation)

With soft jazz playing in the background, The Adventures is a short animation starring Bruno, a bear in need of employment. Inspiration strikes Bruno in the form of an apple, and the Unemployed Superbear realizes a peculiar theme with Apple products. Presented in the fashion of private detective movies, this film highlights society’s obsession with Apple products and conversely, Apple’s fascination with the letter “i.” Less than a minute long, The Adventures of Bruno Unemployed Superbear innovatively forces the audience to reconsider our dependence on Apple and the “i” movement.

 

Friday, 9pm / David Zangwill and Micah Dubinsky (Fiction)

On Friday night, around 9 pm, a woman in a swanky black dress visits her bathroom in the hopes of getting ready for a night on the town. Instead, she ends up mediating on what makeup does to the face and to her larger identity. Marie Minio’s voiceover shows her thought process changing from simple, frivolous analysis to deeper scrutiny, which she cannot easily suppress. As the film continues, Minio’s inability to cope with her epiphany about her crumbling sense of self makes for a striking shot. She stands in front of her bathroom sink with two opposing mirrors showing two radically different sides of her face and her identity: one beautifully constructed and made-up and the other deconstructed with pink lipstick freely applied to the cheek. Overall, Friday, 9pm is a profound social commentary on the notion of covering our faces with makeup.

XTC / Daphnee Vasseur

(Experimental)

Recounting the story of a bad ecstasy trip, the narrator takes the audience on a journey of what not to do while taking the drug. First, it would be wise to avoid blind dates. Second, consume water, not wine, since the latter will result in a “baptism” of appetizers on said unwanted blind date. Third and generally speaking, it would be best to steer clear from ecstasy while in a pessimistic mood about the world. Beautifully edited, XTC portrays the narrator’s discernible inadequacy through a series of images ranging from newspapers to photographs to negatives and yearbooks. Coinciding perfectly with these images, the narrator’s voiceover travels as quickly as the images. XTC provides an excellent example of an experimental movie that successfully tells a story while conveying a subtle moral lesson.

Arts & Entertainment

McGill student takes the New York Metropolitan Opera

Adam Scotti
Adam Scotti

Most little boys dream of making a crowd go wild, maybe with a game-winning grand slam in the World Series or a goal in the Stanley Cup final. For Phil Sly, a U3 vocal performance student at McGill, something similar actually happened on March 13. He was one of five winners of the Metropolitan Opera’s National Council Auditions, the most prestigious young-artist opera competition in North America.

“After I sang, I remember starting to cry while I was bowing, and my hands were shaking.  Only then did it really hit me,” he says.

The Metropolitan Opera, commonly called “the Met,” housed in New York City, is one of the premier opera houses in the world. Their 25 plus productions per year have world class casts, costumes, and sets. It is, in short, an easy place to get star-struck.

“You see really, really famous singers all the time backstage, in the cafeteria,” says Sly.

“It’s an extremely well-known competition, everyone knows about it,” says Michael McMahon, a master’s-level vocal coach at McGill who has had a long working relationship with Sly.

One might think that competing there would be nerve-wracking, but Sly was surprised to find the opposite to be the case.

“It’s a big family,” he says.  “It was much more welcoming and homey than I thought it would be.”

Nearly 1,500 singers entered this year’s competition. After competing at district and regional competitions in Buffalo, NY in early January, Sly was one of 20 singers selected to participate in the semifinals in New York City. Eight of those were selected to participate in the grand finale concert on March 13, and five of those were winners. At the age of 22, Sly was the youngest winner this year; the others were in their mid or late 20s.

Sly said he and his competitors were supportive of one another. “There was a great camaraderie between the eight finalists,” he says.

As a winner, Sly received a $15,000 prize, but his victory will most importantly jumpstart his career, which is a huge bonus in an incredibly competitive job market.  On the night of the final performance, the audience was full of important opera personalities.

“It’s a stamp of approval,” he said.

According to a Met press release, more than 100 alumni of the auditions are on the Met roster during a normal season. With great acclaim, though, comes great expectations. “There’s a feeling when you win a competition like this that you have to live up to, or even be greater than you are,” says McMahon. Sly has been inundated with job offers since the final, which he is still trying to sort through. After he graduates, he will spend the next year working for the Canadian Opera Company in Toronto.

Though he won the competition with his singing, Sly is also an excellent actor. In his performance as Nick Shadow in The Rake’s Progress at McGill, he outshone the rest of the cast. His last performance here was as one of the two male leads in January’s La Bohème, which earned him strong reviews.

“He has an incredible imagination, he has a charisma […] and [an] innate understanding of music. It’s not something you have to teach him, you have to just help him discover that he knows [it] already,” says McMahon.

Sly attributed much of his success to Sanford Sylvan, his McGill voice teacher. When he was a high-schooler thinking about which music school to go to, it only took one lesson with Sylvan to make McGill his first choice. He also said that McMahon has been a great help, and was also grateful to Patrick Hansen, McGill’s director of opera studies, who has supervised Sly’s participation in McGill productions.

“Philippe first came to sing for me in high school, and I pushed him in a few different directions. He came to sing for me again and I was stunned by the talent of this young man,” says McMahon.

On the night of the final, Sly sang arias by 17th century composer Georg Handel and 19th century composer Richard Wagner. He thought that he won in part because he chose pieces from entirely different time periods requiring entirely different singing styles.

A lot of practice also helped, said Sylvan.

“[I drilled] him just like an athletic coach. When you’re in such a state of terror, our body needs to reproduce [your performance] whether your brain is there or not.  It’s just like ice skating or diving.”

Though the competition has earned him a lot of things, he hasn’t gotten a reprieve from his schoolwork.

“It hasn’t completely hit me yet, because I’ve got homework to catch up on,” he says. “But it felt so right when I was there, and I can’t wait for that to continue.”

Arts & Entertainment

Weathering the storm of government terror

jestherent.blogspot.com

Seeking to rewrite history, Icíar Bollaín’s Even the Rain recalls the ways in which past confrontations can leave a mark upon the present. Connecting the conquest of the New World with the 2000 Cochabamba Water Protests, Even the Rain is a dramatic marriage of indifference, deception, and hope, where reality and fiction coalesce.

Even the Rain stars Mexican actor Gael García Bernal as film director Sebastián, who brings his actors and small-budget crew to Bolivia to shoot a movie. While Bernal (who starred as Che Guevera twice, in The Motorcycle Diaries and the made-for-TV movie Fidel) no longer plays the revolutionary, Sebastián’s artistic vision revolts against itself, with the help of some local protestors.

The film begins its journey in a realistic vein when a Spanish film producer, Costa (Luis Tosar), seeks cheap extras and labour (at a measly $2 per day) in Cochabamba, Bolivia, for a film that re-casts Columbus as a cruel exploiter instead of a heroic explorer. Panning across an endless line of curious locals, the film fixes itself with the character of Daniel (Juan Carlos Aduviri), who speaks out frequently, inciting trouble out of a sense of personal injustice. Aduviri steals the audience’s attention with his genuine acting and half-playful, half-tragic face. Hiring the locals is efficient and dangerous, as tensions rise against the government in the wake of a 300 per cent increase in water prices from a foreign company. Further, even the rain the locals collect as drinking water is subject to imperial ownership laws.

Antón (Karra Elejalde), the drunk who plays Cristóbal Colón in Sebastián’s film, provides Even the Rain with a necessary dose of humour and skepticism. Speaking to Sebastián about the film, he proclaims: “This isn’t art, this is fucking propaganda!” Statements like these make the viewer wonder how much of this movie is constructed to incite temporary emotional responses, but in the end the film will stick with you for a while.

The dynamics of order and reality reach their height when the film set becomes the site of an actual power struggle between the corrupt police and enraged locals. While the symbolism is not subtle, the message is provocative and compelling. Though the final burning-at-the-stake scene is anxiously put onto film, celebration is muted by a mounting cry for action. In Even the Rain, the most captivating characters seek their own crucifixion. Fortunately, Bollaín and her crew cooperated with locals and contributed little gifts to the barrio of each extra in the film (in a video interview she mentions donating 2,000 bricks for a school).

Why would the average movie-goer labour through a foreign film about an equally foreign issue, the privatization of water? Screenwriter Paul Laverty realizes the futility of documentary style and breaks up the distance between the subject matter and the viewer by subverting the system of suspended belief (where viewers engross themselves in a fiction) and implicating the viewer in the reality of the characters who seem equally real.

Even good intentions can run awry, as Sebastián starts to embody the less-than-noble conqueror who wishes to be remembered as saviour, but forgets human reality in order to construct a golden throne (before it consumes his film). In a somewhat conventional Hollywood gesture, Costa proves that small, personable actions, not grand schemes, are what make a humanitarian.

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