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Hockey, Sports

In conversation with Jay Baruchel

by Gabe Nisker on

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“Fans have always had opinions,” Jay Baruchel said. “But, it used to be that the only people that would hear them were other fans or, potentially, the poor bastard that has to host the postgame show on whatever radio station.”

In this instance, Baruchel was alluding to social media specifically, but the number of ways to express feelings about one’s favourite sports is growing. Baruchel continues to use as many of them as he can.

The 2012 film Goon, which he co-starred in and co-wrote with McGill alum Evan Goldberg, is one of the most overt examples of the Canadian actor’s obsession with hockey. Baruchel, also known for the 2013 film This is the End and the How to Train Your Dragon franchise, is consumed by his love for the Montreal Canadiens. To put his self-proclaimed ‘religion’ into words, Baruchel has written a book about his fandom. Born Into It was released on Oct. 30.

When he spoke with The McGill Tribune over the phone, Baruchel was in Montreal for a few days for his book tour. Now that he lives in Toronto, Baruchel’s itinerariesare always packed when he returns to his hometown.

“I make sure I eat all the food I can’t get in Toronto,” Baruchel said. “And, so, I was very pleased and […] surprised when we got off the VIA Rail on Thursday, and my fiancée said, ‘Let’s go to St-Hubert,’ and I was like, I would never have the balls to ask or to suggest that as a place where we could have supper, but I will definitely take the opportunity.”

St-Hubert is a favourite of Baruchel’s; he effusively praised the local chicken chain during his appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live last year as well as in his new book. In his prologue, he describes the experience watching the game at his place, waiting for St-Hubert delivery. It’s a nostalgic moment of writing, that feels timeless for sports fans.

“Finely-tuned chicken instincts turn all our heads to the front window, and we are now legitimately excited because we are all legitimately hungry,” Baruchel writes. “A little bright-yellow hatchback has just pulled up in front of my house, and within it lies chicken that will soon be in our stomachs.”

Baruchel has a knack for describing these little moments from his hockey story. In an early chapter, Baruchel pinpoints his first hockey memory: Watching a Canadiens game at age three with his father and choosing to cheer for Les Habitants.

“Granted, I’d picked the Habs because red was, and still is, my favourite colour,” he writes. “But, I also know that the reason I love the colour red is because my parents always painted my bedroom stuff red. Because they were Habs fans, and I was always going to be a Habs fan. I never had a choice. I was born into it.”

Much of sports fandom starts out similarly to the way Baruchel remembers his own fandom starting: As a matter of nature and nurture. Family dynamics inform and often create fandoms. However, family can divide fans, too.

“[Sports] can […] do the same thing as politics, just probably softer, I think,” Baruchel said. “At the end of the day, it’s just hockey. But, I think it can drive a wedge sometimes.”

Baruchel moved to Toronto a few years ago for work. His relationship with his new city is complicated, largely because of the Canadiens’ dreaded rival, the Toronto Maple Leafs. In Born Into It, Baruchel writes mock hate emails to the Leafs and two other Canadiens rivals, the Boston Bruins and the now-defunct Quebec Nordiques.

“What seems to cut through and really register with people and seems to be sort of a part of everyday Habsism is our enemies,” Baruchel said. “We are Habs fans because we like the Habs, but we are equally Habs fans because we hate the teams that the Habs hate.”

That makes his own situation more convoluted, since the number of Leafs fans in his own family is only growing, as he marries into his fiancée Rebecca’s family of Leafs fans.

“For me, there’s a certain aspect of Habs fandom that requires being a troll,” Baruchel said. “There’s this […] petty chip on our shoulder that we have that a lot of other teams don’t have [….] The first time I met all of her extended family last Christmas, I was […] wearing a Habs scarf the whole day. So, in all the photos, I’m wearing my dumbass scarf, and it definitely informed all of the introductions to everybody.”

Baruchel’s love of hockey is pure; he sees it as the most beautiful game ever created. Further, he feels that if ever there were to be something truly symbolic of being Canadian, it would be hockey. The sport embodies some of what Baruchel sees as the key Canadian values.

“This is a country […] where nobody likes to paint anybody with [a single Canadian identity], but if I was to […] distill Canadianness into […] adjectives, it would be […] humility, work ethic, and toughness,” Baruchel said. “Canada’s all about doing what needs to be done when you need to do it. Because if you don’t, you can’t fucking drive your car because it’s fucking fused to the sidewalk in a cocoon of ice.”

Baruchel barely touches upon his Hollywood career in Born Into It, noting that those stories could fill a book of their own. Instead, he dedicates whole chapters to topics like hockey fighting—tying in the thread of his Goon movies, which feature a minor league hockey fighter as their protagonist.

Baruchel struggles with his feelings about fighting, since he does not have to suffer the consequences. As a fan, though, he feels that hockey fighting exemplifies Canadian traits.

“I think it’s like a dirty little secret that nobody wants to name,” Baruchel said. “Hockey fighting is as Canadian an experience for those participating in it, for those watching it, as anything [….] I think that there’s something […] honest and […] kind of quaint about trying to solve your differences with your two fists, real simply.”

To Baruchel, though, Canadianness lies in what happens after the fight.

“Look at how the majority of […] those boys relate to one another after they drop the gloves,” he said. “After it’s all said and done, it’s a lot of helping each other up off the ice [….] It’s something that’s in us and has always been in us.”

Baruchel points out that even though the public ignores it in favour of the overarching Canadian stereotype, the Canadian fighting spirit has been present throughout the country—hockey is just its outlet.

“The first time we played […] hockey indoors, there was a donnybrook [a fight],” Baruchel said.  “It doesn’t necessarily dovetail, and it might seem incongruous with progressive Canada, but I don’t think it is. I think we found a place to put it.”

Baruchel believes it is a good thing for Canada’s teams to be at odds with each other.

“I know Toronto and Montreal on a Saturday night is […] as close to […] a storied cultural institution as we have in this baby country,” Baruchel said. “And, I think that Canada is better when the Habs and Leafs are better and are at each other’s throats, and, if Canada is better, then hockey’s better.”

 

code
Editorial, Opinion

The student Code requires student input

by The McGill Tribune Editorial Board on

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Influencing McGill administration can feel like a futile pursuit, but, this month, students have a tangible opportunity to voice their concerns. The administration is currently revising the Code of Student Conduct for the first time since 2013 and has been seeking student input. Set to be amended by the end of the Fall 2018 semester, the updated Code proposes several important changes, chief among which is a broadened definition of the ‘university context.’ The proposed changes are substantial, however, turnout for student involvement has been low. Creating a policy that reflects student interests requires a joint effort: The administration should brainstorm creative outreach methods, and conversely, students need to work to make their voices heard, even as other priorities compete for their time.

Changes in the Code are largely a result of student effort: McGill alumna Kathryn Leci has been a powerful advocate for expanding the Code. Her story prompted the discussion about formally redefining the ‘university context.’ In 2015, Leci (then U3 Engineering) was assaulted by Conrad Gaysford (then U3 Engineering) at a party in the Plateau. Leci, afraid of seeing Gaysford on campus, went to the McGill administration to initiate disciplinary proceedings. However, the then-dean of students told her that, because the assault happened off-campus, there was nothing that McGill could do—it was outside of the ‘university context.’ Leci’s case revealed the gaps in the Code that left students like her stranded, and the Code’s revisions directly address this failure.

Proposed changes to the Code are not limited to the university context. Section 10 of the new policy establishes that allegations of sexual violence are subject to the process set out in McGill’s Policy Against Sexual Violence, which assigns campus security or McGill’s special investigator to handle complaints of sexual violence or harassment. This change is crucial; sexual violence is distinct from other offences addressed by the Code, demanding a different standard of care and sensitivity. Section 10 of the updated Code proposes removing the requirement for intent in cases of harassment, reinforcing that harassment doesn’t require intent to inflict physical and mental harm on its victims. Similarly, Section 15 outlines that the university will still pursue disciplinary actions if it refers a complaint to legal authorities, whereas previously, the university would not allow for simultaneous investigations. Legal processes move notoriously slowly, and this change gives the university the flexibility it needs to protect students in situations like Leci’s where more immediate action is needed. Each of these revisions is important to improving the administration’s response to instances of sexual violence and harassment.

These proposed changes are promising, however, the revision process has been imperfect. While organized student groups, such as the Student’s Society of McGill University (SSMU) and the Legal Information Clinic at McGill, are in regular consultation with the Office of the Dean of Students, very few individual students have submitted feedback. There is a defined institutional barrier between the administration and students, therefore, administration should pursue more creative and accessible methods to engage time-strapped students in the revision process. Initiatives like tabling at the Y-Intersection or in first-year residences would help better reach students. However, students are notoriously reluctant to make their voices heard when the labour cost goes beyond a one-time protest. Fostering dialogue is a shared responsibility that students must make more of an effort to bear.

Still, student disengagement speaks to structural barriers that surpass midterm season. While the document outlining the proposed changes is well-formatted, blocks of legal jargon are not student-friendly, nor are they accessible. Once the proposed changes are finalized, there should be an effort to produce a more readable summary in the style of SSMU’s implementation guide for their new Gendered and Sexual Violence Policy, or its Know your Student Rights! campaign. Strengthening the presentation of the information already on the Office of the Dean of Students’ website would be a strong and simple start.  

The Student Code of Conduct should be a cooperative process between students and administrators. Engaging with policy proposals is a more time-consuming endeavour than attending protests and walkouts, however, student involvement is essential, even when the tasks at hand aren’t glamorous. While the online consultation period has officially closed, the web form is still active, and it isn’t the only way for students to make their voices heard. Students can send the Dean of Students an email or attend his office’s drop-in hours to give feedback on the proposed revisions to the Code. Creating effective policy requires that students and administration alike be engaged. So speak up—it’s in everyone’s interest.

McGill, News

McGill to provide expanded financial support for Indigenous students

by Elizabeth Strong on

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McGill has partnered with Indspire, a national indigenous-led charity dedicated to investing in the education of indigenous peoples across Canada. According to a McGill Reporter press release on Oct. 15, Indspire’s financial aid will almost double McGill’s current $500,000 investment in bursaries and scholarships for First Nations students. Furthermore, the Government of Canada will match all of the donations awarded by Indspire.

Indspire’s program will offer two different types of financial assistance. The first is McGill’s Indigenous First-Year Award, a non-renewable $2,000 merit-based scholarship awarded to an indigenous student beginning their undergraduate studies. The second is McGill’s Indigenous Bursary, which will be available to all indigenous students pursuing a degree program. This award ranges from $1,000 to $10,000 based on the financial need of the student.

Independent of their partnership with Indspire, McGill will be instituting the Provost’s Indigenous Achievement Award, a renewable $5,000 award given to entering indigenous students with outstanding high school or CEGEP grades.

According to the press release, the partnership was developed on the recommendation of Provost Christopher Manfredi’s McGill Task Force on Indigenous Studies and Education. The Task Force was launched following a call to action by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) for educational institutions to reduce barriers to higher education for indigenous peoples.

“If we want [to] break down the barriers that indigenous people face in their access to education, we need to work on all aspects of their journey,” Manfredi said. “Certainly, funding is an important enabler for this journey.”

The goal of these initiatives is to increase both the recruitment and the retention of indigenous students at McGill. Kakwiranó:ron Cook, the aboriginal community outreach administrator to the Provost for indigenous initiatives and formerly McGill’s indigenous student recruiter, cited financial difficulties as being a major deterrent for prospective indigenous students.

“Many admitted indigenous undergraduate applicants told me they were able to get better financial packages at other universities, and that was a big factor in their decision-making processes to pursue their academic journeys elsewhere,” Cook wrote in an email to The McGill Tribune. “The way I saw it, McGill needed to create dedicated indigenous-specific awards that could be applied across the board to [undergraduate students] in all programs.”

Cook is optimistic about the Indspire partnership, which started as a pilot project this fall semester.

“I am thrilled this partnership has come to life,” Cook wrote. “It’s been one of the most encouraging collaborations I’ve experienced here. While it’s a two-year pilot to begin [with], I have high expectations that it will remain and flourish. We’ll continue putting our minds together to make McGill more financially accessible to both undergraduate and graduate Indigenous students.”

Laura Arndt, Indspire’s vice-president of Education, expressed similar hope for the collaboration as the start of a long-lasting relationship.

“The importance of the relationship that we have with McGill cannot be understated,” Arndt said. “We need universities across this country to [take] part [in] achieving our [ultimate goal] that every indigenous child will graduate within a generation. And, every time McGill funds a student, they’re part of realizing that dream.”

Arndt spoke to the challenge of not only increasing indigenous enrollment in post-secondary institutions, but also ensuring that they feel welcomed. She emphasized the importance of creating spaces where indigenous students feel valued.

“In working together, we can start creating spaces where indigenous students believe ‘yes, not only do I deserve to be here, but I have knowledge to add to this space,’” Arndt said. “I’d like to get to the place where we begin having conversations [about] the beauty and the richness of what indigenous people contribute to all spheres with their knowledge and lived experience.”

Album Reviews, Arts & Entertainment, Music

Lakes of Canada blends eclectic influences in ‘We Will Outlive the Sun’

by Kevin Vogel on

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While up-and-coming indie rock bands often attempt to mimic genre-defining groups such as Arcade Fire or LCD Soundsystem, Lakes of Canada has proven itself capable of carving its own path in the music world. Their new concept album, We Will Outlive the Sun, adds innovative flavour to the industry. The Montreal-based band successfully creates a distinct sound, drawing from the unique talents of each of their members.

We Will Outlive the Sun addresses climate change and the rise of neo-fascism against a dystopian background, mixing gospel and soul harmonies with progressive rock. While tracks such as their cover of “America the Beautiful” are eerie and chilling, the music generally serves as an oddly optimistic call to action. “The Day the Walls Came Down” builds up a steady beat until the choruses progressively evolve into a happy groove. “As the Towers Fall” urges listeners to bond together and rise up in face of coming danger. “Tear it All Down” condemns wealthy elites as ‘good sinners,’ encouraging active resistance to neoliberal and capitalist power structures. The song’s chorus features powerful chords and a dense sound to accentuate the ‘ivory towers’ that generate these hierarchies.

The LP explains abstract concepts in a readily-digestible format. We Will Outlive the Sun’s lyrics artfully employ biblical allusions and motifs of apocalypse— with particular emphasis on allusions to flooding—-to affirm its subject matter. The novel sound alone warrants a listen. With this latest album, Lakes of Canada has established itself as a creative force on the Montreal music scene with a bright future ahead.

We Will Outlive the Sun was released on Oct. 6.

 

★★★★

Creative, News

McGill Tribune Monthly News Recap | October 2018

by Tristan Surman & Kyle Dewsnap on

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#ChangeTheName, passing a set of guidelines relating to instructor-student relationships, and the resignation of the SSMU VP External. October was a crazy month at McGill, let’s take a look back at some of the stories.

Scripted and Presented by Kyle Dewsnap
Video by Tristan Surman

Creative

Why McGill should #ChangeTheName

by Astrid Mohr on

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The Tribune sits down with Tomas Jirousek to discuss the importance of changing the ‘Redmen’ name, we cover the demonstration that took place on October 31st, and explore the history of racist images and press clippings related to the name’s history.

Video by Astrid Mohr with help from Bilal Virji and Naya Hofer

Editorial, Opinion

Fall 2018 referendum endorsements

by The McGill Tribune Editorial Board on

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Motion regarding changing the Redmen name: ‘Yes’

Since 1929, the McGill men’s varsity sports teams have been known as the ‘Redmen.’ The name represents centuries of systemic oppression of indigenous peoples, and its negative impacts on indigenous students supercede its debated intent. With repeated calls for a name change by McGill’s Indigenous Task Force, current and prospective indigenous students, and allies, The McGill Tribune stands in solidarity with indigenous voices and believes that this is a simple yet meaningful step toward truth and reconciliation.

Motion regarding the Arab Student Network fee: ‘Yes, with reservations’

The Arab Student Network (ASN) is a Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) service that provides opportunities for all students to engage with Arab culture through programs including internships, workshops, and SSMU mini-courses. The ASN was at the centre of an extensive social media dispute with McGill Students in Solidarity for Palestinian Human Rights (SPHR) after hosting a Q&A with Nas Daily, a vlogger whose portrayal of the Israel-Palestine conflict SPHR contest. For the vital opportunities and services the ASN provides to students, the Tribune endorses the creation of a $0.50 opt-outable fee to support its operations. However, in light of their mishandling of a public conflict with another student group, the Tribune hopes to see the ASN better engage with its constituents moving forward.

Motion regarding the SSMU Charity Fee renaming and renewal:  ‘Yes’

Formerly the Community Engagement Fund, the Charity Fund is critical to building community in the Milton-Parc neighbourhood between students and permanent residents. The Charity Fee funds initiatives like the biannual Photofund gallery, which donates its yearly proceeds to a local charity. The Tribune endorses the $0.52 opt-outable fee to support the Charity Fee, but would like to see more available information about how its funds are distributed.

Motion regarding the SSMU Environment fee renewal: ‘Yes’

The Environment Fund (Green Fund) is designed to provide financial assistance for sustainable initiatives on campus. It is available to all student organizations to assist with the cost of improving their environmental practices. Following the adoption of the SSMU Sustainability Policy in 2013, the Environment Fund falls within SSMU’s mandate to foster sustainable practices on campus, as it supports initiatives such as the Flat Bike Collective, the Union for Gender Empowerment, and Midnight Kitchen. The Tribune endorses the opt-outable $1.25 fee to allow SSMU to continue to support student groups in implementing sustainability initiatives.

Motion regarding the Plate Club fee: ‘Yes’

The Plate Club is a campus service that loans out reusable dish-ware to community groups in order to curb students’ use of disposable paper or styrofoam items. The Plate Club supports student groups, such as  Midnight Kitchen, by providing reusable dish-ware and cutlery. This motion seeks to add a $0.14 opt-outable fee to provide the Plate Club, which currently receives no funding, with a reliable source of income. While they are displaced from the University Centre during the closure, it is important to support the Plate Club, and this motion is an easy way to do so.

Motion regarding SACOMMS Discretionary funding: ‘Yes’

The Sexual Assault Centre of the McGill Student Society’s (SACOMSS) motion requests that the organization be allowed to spend 10 per cent of their budget on external affairs. This fund will aid their mandate of supporting and advocating on the behalf of survivors of sexual assault across the city and will fund services that SACOMMS itself cannot administer, like lodging an official complaint. The Tribune endorses SACOMMS’s request to support external causes in recognition of their financial transparency and excellent work providing integral services to the McGill community.

Motion regarding the Anti-Violence Fee Levy: ‘Yes’

The Tribune supports the approval of the SSMU Gendered and Sexual Violence Policy (GSVP), as the implementation guide is thorough, specific, and concrete. While the notion that students’ money would be used to fund survivors’ protection poses ethical questions, it is essential that the policy be provided with funding as soon as possible. Because SSMU is a student organization, whether the GSVP’s is funded by a fee levy or from SSMU’s general budget, students will be paying for its implementation regardless. The Tribune endorses the $0.45 levy as a necessary step toward the GSVP’s implementation.

 

A previous version of this article stated that the fee for the Plate Club would be $0.12. In fact it is the proposed fee is of $0.14. The Tribune regrets this error. 

Campus Spotlight, Student Life

A conversation on the repercussions of cultural appropriation

by Nicholas Raffoul on

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Within the context of Halloween—when people sometimes don costumes that cross a line —and the #ChangeTheName protest, the McGill Indigenous Studies Program and SSMU Indigenous Affairs organized a Nov. 1 panel titled “Understanding Cultural Appropriation” to inform students about the phenomenon and the groups it harms.

The panel featured Jennifer Guiliano, a history professor at the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, whose research focuses on Native American mascotry and university sports. Guiliano was joined by McGill’s Rachel Zellars, professor at the Institute for Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies, as well as Stephen Puskas, a local Inuk artist and filmmaker. The three speakers, each from different backgrounds and research fields, had a compelling conversation on the consequences of cultural appropriation for black, indigenous, and other racialized groups.

Throughout the discussion, the speakers pointed to the consequences of cultural appropriation as well as how people can show appreciation for; indigenous groups without appropriating their culture. Zellars, who was once a DJ, explained the repercussions of cultural appropriation in music, which is common in EDM and house music production.

“Black folks who were in Chicago and Baltimore were the people who created a particular type of sound and artistry,” Zellers said. “These names are completely erased from these lineages. I’m thinking of folks, like, Masters of Work and Juan Atkins. And it’s often like young white kids like Calvin Harris who profit from these influences today.”

The panel underscored the importance of remembering the histories and sources of cultural influences and ensuring that their work and contributions are honoured. When asked how to support Indigenous culture without appropriating it, Stephen Puskas explained that it is imperative to support indigenous artists and creators.

“There are different forms of material culture,” Puskas said. “There is food, which we are happy to share with other people. Then there’s material culture that is for sale; culture that we make for other people to wear. Then there’s culture that we make for ourselves and culture that is sacred, which we don’t intend for the public to see [….] You have to understand where your indigenous material culture fits in those categories.”

Puskas’ response shed light on a different way of looking at cultural appropriation and where the line between appreciation and appropriation lies. The panel also stressed that before buying clothing, accessories, or other cultural items, one should ensure that they are made by the racialized group that they are trying to support, so they are able to benefit from the financial profit.

Although cultural appropriation comes up most when discussing Halloween costumes, Zellers, Guiliano, and Puskas all expressed that the repercussions of the practice impact indigenous, black, and other racialized groups of people year-round. People often think of cultural appropriation only in the realm of fashion and clothing, but the panel emphasized that appropriating culture extends to the economic, psychological, and historical contexts of racialized groups.

McGill, News

McGill community mourns in wake of synagogue shooting

by Lucas Bird on

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A crowd of over one hundred McGill community members gathered at the Y-intersection on Oct. 30 to hold a vigil in memoriam of the victims of a recent shooting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The shooting, in which 11 members of the Tree of Life Synagogue were killed, took place on Oct. 27. The shooter, Robert Bowers, has been indicted on 44 federal charges, 32 of which are punishable by death. After a swath of his anti-semitic posts on the social-media website Gab were publicized, it became clear that he’d targeted the synagogue purposely.

The vigil was hosted by a coalition of 19 Jewish community and religious groups including Am McGill, JQueer, Ghetto Shul, and the McGill Office of Religious and Spiritual Life. During the gathering, the group recited traditional Jewish prayers and sang commemorative songs. Executives of Jewish student groups spoke to the crowd, condemning the shooting, remembering the victims, and exploring how the McGill community could best respond. Finally, 11 candles were ceremoniously lit in remembrance of the victims. Dean of Students Chris Buddle, Vice-Principal Communications and External Relations Louis Arseneault, and Principal Suzanne Fortier were present at the event. Buddle and Arsenault lit the first candle.

Noah Lew, president of the Hillel Montreal Leadership Council, and co-organizer of the vigil, condemned the violent, anti-semitic events in Pittsburgh and violence against religion in general.

In an interview with The McGill Tribune, Lew stated that the vigil was an important exhibition of resilience.

“Things like anti-semitism and other hatreds often start with words and progress into actions,” Lew said. “We felt this was a poignant reminder to stand up against hatred worldwide.”

Lew also remarked that it was especially encouraging to have members of the administration come in support of the event.

“I think having [Fortier, Arseneault, and Buddle] there with us and participating in the ceremony was a good reminder to our community and McGill students that they are standing with us,” Lew said.

The speakers emphasized the importance of unity in religious and student communities throughout the vigil. Ariana Kaye, president of JQueer and executive member of Hillel McGill, evoked the broader consequences of the shooting.

“One of the people who was murdered was an AIDS doctor,” Kaye said. “He was really receptive and warm to patients, so I think it was also a loss in that way for the LGBTQ community.”

Kaye also commented on the importance of including intersectional identities in the Jewish community and how the vigil was an excellent example of that.

“We all suffer together, we’re all here together, we’re all mourning together,” Kaye said. “It makes me feel so great that the McGill community can all be here together no matter your race, sex, gender, class, anything.”

Rabbi Shmuly Weiss, co-director of the Chabad Student Centre of downtown Montreal, closed out the vigil by reciting “El Malei Rachamim”—a prayer for the victims. Weiss emphasized how crucial it is to avoid divisiveness in light of this event.

“Human beings are allowed to have differences,” Weiss said. “[But at synagogue], you leave it at the door, you try to connect and focus on the similarities we share.”

Weiss further stressed the importance of a collective response.

“For someone to come in and try and take that [connection through unity] away, it’s the same thing with the shooting at the mosque last year, it’s the same idea,” Weiss said. “[Perpetrators of violence] are trying to terrorize every type of thing that offers sanctuary. We have to respond by saying that we will not stop showing up, that we will not be deterred.”

The Tree of Life Synagogue is accepting donations to aid the families of victims on their website.

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