Latest News

a, News

Renovations at McLennan-Redpath Library continue

Construction at the McLennan-Redpath Library­—initially planned to conclude on Nov. 15—is now scheduled to continue until the first week of December. The project, which includes resurfacing the terrace and restructuring the support walls of the library complex, prevents students from accessing the building via the Redpath entrance.

According to the McGill website, a complete overhaul of the main Redpath entrance is planned, including the removal of the interior staircase leading down to the food court and improvements to the alternate staircase, which is adjacent to the group study area on the ground floor of Redpath Library.

The pedestrian terrace that is currently under construction was built in 1952. According to Dan Doran, Project Manager in University Services, the aging terrace has been sinking over the past 61 years into the occupied spaces below, including the newly renovated Cyberthèque study area.

“Smaller projects had been undertaken to attempt to fix these leaks, but it was conclusively determined in 2007 that a complete renovation of the terrace was required to prevent further degradation and permanently resolve the water infiltration problems in the library,” he said.

Doran said that the project was scheduled in three phases, each of which was planned for the summers and falls of 2011, 2012, and 2013. During construction, library access has only been available through the McLennan Library Building entrance. The completion date was pushed back by three weeks due to a two-week long construction worker strike in June, and an additional week due to the re-mobilization and coordination of construction workers following the strike.

The renovations have affected McGill students in various ways, although the Redpath Cafeteria remains open. Arts students face particular inconveniences as a result of the construction, since McLennan-Redpath is the main social sciences and humanities library.

“The biggest impacts that the renovations have on me are the restricted access to McTavish—which can be fixed by walking up the stairs by Leacock—and the fact that I do not particularly like […] that a giant hole has been made over there just weeks before parents’ weekend,” Irina Silver Frankel, U2 arts, said. “It would be nice if the construction could be done by then so that my parents [could] see a beautiful campus and not [one that is] torn-apart.”

In addition to construction this semester, more renovations are planned for Redpath in 2014.

“Once this phase is completed, McGill will explore additional repairs required on the façade of the Redpath library that include windows and some masonry elements,” Doran said. “While no firm date has been set for these future repairs, we are hoping to have this project’s construction underway in the summer of 2014.”

Some students have also expressed concern that the budget cuts and a lack of resources make renovations impractical.

“The renovations seem a little extravagant when McGill has been compromising student learning by cutting back on courses and professors,” Nicholle Savoie, U3 arts, said.

“I think it’s good that McGill is constantly being modernized and improved,” Frankel said. “However, with all the budget cuts that McGill is facing, I’m not sure that students care as much about these renovations when McGill could not even afford to keep the libraries open as much as they did last year.”

a, News

Two McGill libraries face closure and restructuring

Library collections previously located in the Life Sciences Library and the Education Library & Curriculum Resources Centre are in the process of being relocated, with the intention of redesigning the empty libraries into new student study spaces. The relocation project is the result of a $1.8 million cut to the McGill Library’s budget, following the Quebec Government’s announcement last December that McGill’s operating budget would be reduced by $38.3 million.

The plan to restructure these libraries was announced last April, and involves merging the Life Sciences Library’s collections with that of Schulich Library for Sciences and Engineering. The Education Library & Curriculum Resources Centre’s main education collection is being moved to the second floor of the McLennan Library.

The decision to close down the Life Sciences Library was proposed by Dean of Libraries Colleen Cook, who said that action had to be taken quickly due to the university’s financial situation.

“As research libraries change in the digital age, we must continuously consider how best we steward the public funds invested in libraries,” she said. (Wendy Chen / McGill Tribune)

Merika Ramundo, McGill Library’s Officer of Communications, explained that the decision to close the libraries was influenced by their low rate of use.

“Attendance at the Life Sciences Library has dropped 31 per cent in the last five years [and] loans of print materials […] have dropped 45 per cent,” Ramundo said. “Loans of print materials from the Education Library & Curriculum Resources Centre have dropped 61 per cent since 2005. This trend is expected to continue as the library continues to expand its extensive digital holdings.”

Consultation reports from sessions completed in May detailed the need for “more access to space for study and group work; more online resources; and continued access to reserve collections.” However, some people have criticized the way McGill decided to relocate its library collections, especially because the Life Sciences Library was the first and largest medical library in Canada.

Angella Lambrou, a librarian at the Life Sciences Library, started a Facebook page in April titled “Save the McGill Life Sciences Library from closure.” Lambrou claims the consultation sessions held last May to discuss solutions to McGill’s library budget were not held out of consideration for students, but as a response to media attention.

“Make no mistake about it, [if] the media had not picked up the story, the consultation process would not have taken place,” Lambrou said. “Nothing happened because of the consultation, and I knew that nothing would happen. The decision had been made.”

Lambrou expressed doubt that repurposing the libraries would benefit students.

“Overcrowding is already a problem for libraries around the McGill campus, and the closure of the Life Sciences Library will not remedy that,” she said.

However, Dean of Medicine David Eidelman said the move allows the library to put the spaces to use in ways that will benefit students.(Wendy Chen / McGill Tribune)

“A preliminary redesign of the library space is being prepared by the Faculty of Medicine to better meet the needs expressed by students, residents, faculty and staff during the consultation last spring,” Eidelman said. “For example, [there will be] more space for study, learning, and research.”

One student from the Faculty of Education, who asked to remain anonymous, expressed frustration that libraries now face reduced budgets, and suggested that students who protested against raising tuition fees for Quebec students in 2012 may not have taken outcomes such as these into consideration.

“I [pay] Quebec tuition, and I think that with all of the fuss that everybody put up over a […] relatively small increase over three years […] it has a lot of other side effects that maybe they didn’t really anticipate coming out of their own educational balance,” the student said.

Other students said they were concerned about the library closure’s effects on their own research and education.

“I took books from the library, and it was great to have it right here because […] I only had snippets of time in between experiments,” Mark Jacunski, a first-year Masters student in physiology, said. “Having it there is not only a convenience, but in a certain sense a necessity for students in these high requirement programs.”

The relocation of the collections is slated to be finished around mid to late September. Staff from the Life Sciences Library are currently at McLennan and Schulich to help ease the transition, and to provide students access to the collections being moved.

a, Sports

Inexperience, offensive woes plague Redmen

Last Thursday, a frigid September night, the McGill Redmen (0-0-2) faced the No. 5 ranked Montreal Carabins (2-0-0) in the RSEQ opener for both squads. It was also Head Coach Marc Mounicot’s first RSEQ game with the team.

Throughout the match, a young Redmen squad played with tenacity and grit against a bigger and more talented Carabins squad. The Redmen backline attempted to set the tone for the rest of the team, refusing to be intimidated. Left-back Clovis Fowo repeatedly lunged into multiple tackles in an attempt to control the physicality of the game. Fowo’s initial attempts were deemed nothing more than fouls in the first half. However, the leniency that was afforded early on was replaced by a flood of yellow cards, one of which was handed out to Fowo.

The affair ran much like a hockey game; there were three distinct periods of flow in which either side took control. McGill’s period of strong play occurred in the middle third. The Redmen had, “more confidence, more flow [and] more commitment in the will of playing football,” according to Mounicot.

Two notable plays marked this segment. Freshman midfield maestro Michael McIntyre had a role in both. The first play was a dipping free kick that McIntyre shot over the wall that pulled McGill even in the 42nd minute. The second key play was a through ball at the start of the second half by McIntyre to another freshman, Alexander King, who put a well-placed shot past the keeper only to see it hit the inside of the post and bounce out.

Despite flashes of brilliance later on, the Redmen started out poorly. The over-zealousness of the backline led to multiple miscues. The Carabins’ midfielders repeatedly played balls over the Redmen defence and onto the feet of oncoming Montreal forwards within the first 10 minutes.

Mounicot characterized the initial play as “a bit shaky because of nerves and the quality of the opposition.” Aditionally, Mounicot noted that his team had to change its line-up compared to the last game because of injuries to freshman forward, Mawuena Mallet and defender, Dominic Bell, both of whom started the previous game against Cape Breton.

The lack of chemistry resulted in the first goal, a header by Vincent Da Bruille off of a cross by Samuel LeBlanc, that McGill sophomore goalkeeper Max Leblond, had no chance of stopping. Poor marking left Da Bruille with space to direct a powerful shot past Leblond’s outstretched arms.

Similarly, the second goal, conceded in the 51st minute, was off of another header. This time Alexandre Haddad connected for Université de Montréal off a free kick that crossed into the box.

Mounicot remarked that the key for the squad going forward involved, “getting all [of their] players healthy.” Veterans such as senior William Hoyle and talented freshmen such as Graham Kasper have yet to see the field, while Bell has only been able to play two halves due to injuries.

Mounicot also felt that his squad “showed[…]resilience and quality” that will help them achieve their goal of making the top four of the RSEQ. Realizing this goal hinges on the development of the nearly 20 freshmen that make up the roster. If the talented newcomers can mature and gel with returning players, success is not out of the question.

A determined Redmen squad compounded the tough loss against Montreal with another nail-biter against Sherbrooke University (1-0-1) by a score of 1-0 on Sunday. The Vert et Or played host to McGill and  were able to rack up the three points on a penalty shot from Gwen Duguet with six minutes remaining. The Redmen now face a tall task against the defending RSEQ Champions, the UQTR Patriotes(1-1-0), in a home game at Molson Stadium on Friday, Sept. 13.

a, Arts & Entertainment, Film and TV

Despite ethereal visuals, Gravity is full of narrative antimatter

For a space film, Gravity is fairly un-spacey. Sandra Bullock and George Clooney star as astronauts who must struggle to survive when a space mission goes horribly wrong. Gravity doesn’t disappoint visually—director Alfonso Cuarón’s famous long takes seem particularly amiable to outer space—but the film repudiates much of the intellectual legwork done by previous sci-fi masterpieces. Insofar as Gravity’s message is being reduced to humanity finding itself in adversity, the film is as thematically sophisticated as a made-for-TV space horror. But such a criticism may mean little to some. As a straightforward action flick, Gravity is certainly meritorious, with some flashy technical bells and whistles thrown in.

Astronauts Ryan Stone (Bullock) and Matt Kowalsky (George Clooney) are in the midst of a spacewalk when news arrives that a recently-destroyed satellite has caused unexpected debris fields. In no time, space shrapnel is punching holes through their space shuttle (and, in particularly gruesome fashion, their shuttlemates).

To say much more would go beyond the film’s relatively tight-lipped trailers. But know that Gravity is narratively taunt, with a distinctive ability to wring impressive levels of tension from its premise. Cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki recieved acclaim for his acrobatic camerawork in Tree of Life, and the space environment—in which there is no ‘up’ or ‘down’—provides the perfect setup for Lubezki to repeat his magic. The mindboggling depth of space itself is similarly well-captured, aided with perhaps one of the rare instances in which 3D is actually a benefit (though I did attend the IMAX screening, which tends to do 3D better).

Where Gravity burns up is in its screenplay, and by extension, the performances. Clooney ramps up his charm machine to full throttle, but receives limited screen time (and a late appearance seems gimmicky and forced). In contrast, Bullock’s character is underwrit for a protagonist, resulting in a mundane performance, save for a triumphant climax.

What’s frustrating is that Gravity had so much potential. Other directors have done more, with less of a premise— Rodrigo Cortés’ Buried comes to mind— whereas Stone’s character starts off interesting and becomes adulterated and bland. We’re introduced to a fascinatingly lonely woman, one lonelier on earth than in space. Instead of growing in complexity, she grows flatter. Similarly, the first half of the story floats the idea that while space is inhospitable, earth itself may not be much better. This relatively fresh thematic territory is quickly abandoned. Space is death. Earth is life. On with the show.

Like space itself, Gravity may leave viewers feeling a bit cold. Many critics now like to play a  game when entering a Cuarón film: counting the seconds until the next edit. Cuarón’s Children of Men (2006) was impressive for featuring long takes that dazzled the mind and redefined what was cinematically possible. But in this case, optical feats of strength don’t add up to a great movie. Gravity is still a decidedly entertaining action film. But considering the output to be expected from the profound storyweaver that gave the world Y Tu Mama También, Gravity leaves the film fan yearning for a little more.

Gravity had its North American premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, and is set to be released in theatres Oct. 4.

a, Science & Technology, Student Research

Research in Brief: Prosthetic digital musical instruments

After three years developing their project, McGill Music PhD students Joseph Mallock and Ian Hattwick have designed and produced the first prosthetic digital instruments in the world.

Under the supervision of Input Devices and Music Interaction Lab (IDMIL) Director Marcelo Wanderley, the team collaborated with composers, choreographers, musicians, and dancers to produce a prosthetic device that could endure extensive use in dance performance while appearing visually striking.

“We wanted the objects to suggest a purpose beyond that of a costume, but we were quite happy that that purpose might remain ambiguous,” explained one of the researchers in a short documentary about the project.

Each prosthetic contains a variety of sensors, power supplies and wireless data transceivers which respond to touch, movement, and orientation to create sound. The music is produced in real time through an open-source peer-to-peer software system developed by IDMIL, which processes the signals from the prosthetics.

What remains most striking is the semblance between these digital instruments and the human skeleton. Illuminated from within by small LED lights, the transparent pieces resemble human forms, including articulated spines, curved visors, and rib cages that were constructed through 3D printing and laser cutting.

Current versions of the prosthetics toured across Canada and parts of Europe earlier this year in a piece known as Les Gestes, written specifically for the digital musical instruments.

a, Features

Through the looking glass

The Montreal Comiccon, making its eighth debut this weekend at Palais des congrès, is an amalgamation of ‘geekdom’—a place where the various streams of geek culture coalesce into one exciting weekend. The representation of interests runs the gamut from Plain Jane board games to intricately detailed cosplaying, with the whole eclectic occasion accompanied by celebrity guests and corporate sponsors. It has grown from an event hosting fewer than 700 people in its first years to over 32,000 attendees at last year’s convention. And that’s just Montreal—the San Diego Comiccon (SDCC) hosts over 130,000 people each year.

Comiccon and SDCC have their roots in the original comic book convention format—where local comic book shop owners could liquidate their stock in one sitting and fans from all over the area could gather and meet each other. However, the ‘comic book convention’ has grown into something far greater than its humble origins could have ever predicted.

It has been a few years now since the geek movement started gaining momentum in popular culture. In 1989, Batman grossed over $400 million dollars. Marvel Studios jumped on the bandwagon starting with Blade in 1998, then Spider-Man in 2000. And it’s a good thing they did— Marvel’s The Avengers is the third highest grossing film of all time, at a titanic $1.51 billion. The Dark Knight, too, shattered people’s expectations about what a superhero movie could achieve in plot development and characterization. These films have not only done well commercially, but have also been met with critical acclaim and widespread appeal. People started taking these movies seriously, and by proxy, the community that existed around these franchises.

The growth of conventions begs the question—is it the fans who are changing, or is it the way that people view this particular subculture?

Several individuals immersed in this community have offered their perspectives on the evolution of geek culture.

Among them is Cliff Caporale, the programming director for Montreal Comiccon. Caporale described Comiccon as “a genre convention for fans to get to meet some of the people behind the things they love most. It’s also a chance to be surrounded by like-minded people that share similar interests. We hope to please as many geeks as possible, even if you are only 0.5 per cent geek.”

Caporale explained that they wanted to expand the event to cater to more fans.

“After a few years, we wanted to grow the event. We were able to add a diverse selection for fans, and expand further into other genres like horror, Franco-Belgian comics, anime, and fantasy. This year we take it further, adding Canadian pop culture, geek improv, and music.” By widening the scope of the convention’s offerings, more and more people will likely be able to find themselves at home in this community.

To Caporale, the diversity of interests in geekdom is most definitely a benefit for the city.

“Montreal Comiccon [is] becoming one of the city’s spotlight events,” he said. “Montreal has a very interesting cultural identity that can allow for the city’s Comiccon to become a true international event. You won’t find another genre convention that will have a cast member from Star Trek, one from Galaxie près de chez vous [Quebec’s most popular—and maybe only—sci-fi show from the late 90s], a North American comic book artist, and a Belgian comic book artist in the same room.  It’s pretty cool that we’ve gone from being a tiny event seven years back to become one of the top 20 genre events in North America, and in the top three for Canada.”

But other people have been noticing a shift in what people consider ‘geek culture’ as well. Alain Veilette is one of the owners of Foonzo, a video game bar located on 1245 Drummond in the heart of downtown Montreal, and has experienced these changes firsthand. Acting as a nexus between geeks and providers, Veillete has been able to closely observe the changing attitudes toward geek culture.

“It’s more and more socially acceptable [to be interested in this culture],” Veillete says. “Video games that are coming out today—a lot of them gross more profits than movies. I just saw a couple of pictures in L.A. of this huge building downtown, and the building was covered in a huge poster of Grand Theft Auto V. It may not sound like much, but I mean could you imagine? Fifteen years ago, you would’ve only expected Nike to appear up there.”

However, with such a wide array of interests represented in conventions like Comiccon, some fans have expressed concerns that ‘geekdom’ has started dividing. Alex Havas, a U2 computer science student at McGill who describes himself as a geek who was “born with a controller for an umbilical cord,” shared his thoughts on the issue.

“The idea is that ‘geek’ has now become a [synonym] for ‘obsession,’ and to try to unify [those terms] under a single flag is kind of silly. Really, the best way for any sort of unification within geek culture is to live and let live. You can keep rivalries, as long as they’re fun. [For example], ‘Who would win in a fight, Star Trek Redshirts or Stormtroopers?’”

Havas shed further light on other dichotomous attitudes regarding geek culture, explicating the division between perceptions of the community.

“There are two sides: there’s ‘casual geekdom,’ which is very acceptable. Say you like Game of Thrones. That’s high fantasy with dragons and knights and stuff, and that’s fine, but then you say you go to bed with one of those full-body anime pillows…”

As such, Havas has been wary about the development of people’s attitudes toward the concept of ‘geekdom.’

“There’s a bit of apprehension about people saying things like, ‘Oh, we love geeks now!’ It’s like, ‘No, you don’t like my geek. You like this glossed-over kind of geek.’ There’s heavy scrutiny on people who are not already established as inside the group already. [Before,] it didn’t matter [what you were interested in]. As long as you waved that banner proudly, you were one of us. Now there’s this kind of— I think— fear of homogenization; the idea that there’s one image of [the glossed-over] geek that no one wants to conform to.”

Beatrice Soucy, a first-year medical student at Université de Montréal and a self-proclaimed geek, has also noticed such changes within the ‘geek culture.’

“When I was younger, I went to a school that didn’t care for geeks. Then I got into university and realized people had the same interests as me. I think the public has been opening up in a way. Video games are more accessible than [they were] a generation ago.”

But Soucy has noted that though changes in attitudes have occurred, there is still a gender-based stigma that exists in the subculture.

“People are still surprised when I end up ‘showing’ myself as a geek,” Soucy said. “Some guys will actually hate girls being there. They don’t like girls trying to get into their niche, so [they] can get kind of aggressive or demeaning about that,” Soucy said. “There are still very sexist games and costumes. The moment we start criticizing it, there’s so much hate from the community. [might be] why there aren’t more [female] gamers out there— it’s because they face such shunning and rejection that they don’t really see the point [of getting involved].”

Veilette has noticed a promising trend, however.

“We’ve only been around for two and a half years, and I don’t think it’s long enough to really see a huge shift, but there is noticeable change regarding female gamers. Honestly, I think that they’ve been out there the whole time.”

Caporale corroborated Veilette’s observation.

“Our audience was generally male, 70-30, when we first started, but as time has gone on, we are starting to see it be closer to 55 per cent male.”

Alhough it may not be simple to pinpoint the way this subculture is changing, it’s clear that these changes are manifesting themselves in multiple ways, whether that be through events like the Montreal Comiccon or through the types of people who frequent Foonzo on a Friday night. And though some people may have identified with this community since the day they could read their first comic book panel, whereas others are only starting to discover their favourite video games and superheroes, maybe being able to articulate exactly how ‘geekdom’ is changing isn’t what’s important. The evolution of Comiccon and ‘geek culture’ may mean different things to each individual, and that can truly contribute to the complexity of this community. Embrace it; live long and prosper!

a, News

Residents seek to save Parc Oxygène from development

On Sept. 3, residents of the Plateau-Mont-Royal borough expressed their concerns for preserving of green space in the neighbourhood at a conference and question and answer session with the borough’s mayor, Luc Ferrandez. Debate on the topic centered around the preservation of Parc Oxygène, a privately -owned alleyway that has been serving as a park for over 20 years.

Parc Oxygène was originally an alleyway used by motorists as a shortcut through the residential neighborhood bordered by Prince Arthur street and Pine Avenue. Although members of the neighborhood protested that this use of the alleyway was dangerous, the city did not act in response to these claims. In 1989, the alleyway was converted into a park, which residents of the community currently take care of.

In the past few years, a condominium proposal as well as multiple construction ideas—including parking lots and small residential housing—have been suggested to replace the park area. As a long-time resident of the area surrounding the park, Norman Nawrocki has been very active in the fight to preserve one of the area’s only remaining green spaces. He explained that residents are attempting to save the park from development by requesting that the city purchase the land and declare it an official park.

“It is a community-created green space;  [it] has been this [way] for 23 years, and needs to be preserved as such,” he said. “The greater interests and rights of the community take precedence over the rights and interests of a private developer.”

Some community members, however, were skeptical of the claim that private developers threaten the park. One community member, who asked only to be identified as Clement, said he believes the park will not be dramatically developed due to space constraints.

“I would be very surprised if a condo went up in that area, whether it is or isn’t an official city park—at most maybe a parking space, or small housing [developments], but no condo,” he said. “The space is too tiny.”

Ferrandez argued that the costs of purchasing the piece of land is not worth the investment.

“[There is a] six million dollar price tag on such a small urban space,” Ferrandez said. “[The space is] so small that [it] might not be sufficient to guarantee legal paperwork with which to present enough evidence for saving the park.”

He also stated that, as mayor, he could not take action to save Parc Oxygène.

“The mayor simply cannot get involved in a legal battle between private developers and members of the community,” he said. “It isn’t my place, and that’s all I have to say on the matter. We cannot legally sustain a project like Parc Oxygène.”

Nawrocki expressed disagreement, and argued that the benefits of the green space for the borough are substantial enough that the mayor should step in to save the park.

“It provides a public space for people— including McGill students— to hang out in and socialize, enjoying the trees, flowers, birds, bees, peace, and fresh air,” he said. “It has a history and is now an important part of the local community.”

Kira Page, a member of the Quebec Public Interest Research Group McGill (QPIRG), explained the importance of the issue to McGill students, many of whom reside in the area near the park. She said QPIRG has worked together with Nawrocki for some time to raise awareness of the issue.

“Over the last several years, McGill students have been attending events to help save the park, helping spread the word about Parc Oxygène, […] all the while learning about the history of the neighbourhood we study in,” Page said.

a, Science & Technology

Vulnerability to alcoholism linked to the brain’s reward system

(McGill Tribune)While long-term alcohol use has been known to have various effects on the brain, including memory impairment and nerve damage, a more recent study suggests there might be another effect to add to that long list. Those who are vulnerable to alcoholism also experience a larger dopamine (reward system) response when consuming a large drink, as found in a study conducted by Marco Leyton, a researcher at the Mental Illness and Addiction axis at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC).

“Dopamine is a chemical made in the brain. When released in the part of the brain called the striatum, it activates a circuit that fosters interest in natural rewards,” explained Leyton. “We need a system like this to survive both as individuals and as a species. Dopamine activation stimulates our interest in food, the opportunity to have sex, and plays an important role in motivation.”

According to Leyton, a sip of alcohol activates the brain’s dopamine system in two ways. Alcohol acts pharmacologically in the dopamine cell-body region, where it removes the inhibitory input on the cells— similar to releasing a brake— causing an influx of dopamine. Once people have some experience with alcohol, environmental cues associated with drinking can also fire-up the dopamine system, suggesting that this system has conditioning effects. “Some people might be especially sensitive to developing these [conditioned] effects,” added Leyton.

For the study, researchers recruited 26 social drinkers aged 18 to 30 in the Montreal area. The subjects at higher risk of alcoholism were then identified based on personality traits and having a lower intoxication response to alcohol—they did not feel as drunk, despite drinking the same amount as the other subjects.

Each participant then underwent two positron emission tomography (PET) brain scan exams after drinking a fairly large serving of either juice or alcohol (about three to four drinks in 15 minutes).

“The PET scans are to compare the brain scan signals obtained when people drink juice versus alcohol,” Leyton explained. The difference between the two scans is the change in dopamine release.”

The analysis indicated that people categorized as “high-risk” for alcohol-use problems experienced a large dopamine response after drinking the alcoholic beverage; this effect did not occur in the people categorized as “low-risk” for alcohol-use problems. Since dopamine triggers the brain’s reward system, subjects who experienced a higher release were positively reinforced for drinking and therefore were at a higher risk for alcoholism. These findings were subsequently published this January in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.

“Still, there are a number of issues that need following up,” said Leyton. He explained that, since this study is the first report of an altered dopamine response to alcohol consumption in people at risk, the study will need to be replicated.

“While both of these are well-established indices, it will be important to learn whether the brain dopamine response also predicts which individuals will go on to develop an alcohol-use disorder,” Leyton explained.

He believes it is likely that many pathways in the brain lead to alcoholism and looks to further investigate whether this dopamine response to alcohol contributes to one specific pathway or many.

a, Opinion

Editorial: PQ overstepping its bounds with ban on religious symbols

Last Wednesday, Sept. 4, the Parti Québécois (PQ) marked its one-year anniversary of minority governance. Over the past year the government has had various troubles, including, most prominently for this editorial board, the party’s complete duplicity on university tuition, first freezing tuition increases and then enacting harsh budget cuts. However, it seems as if the PQ has found itself a distraction from the year’s  political missteps.

In late August, news was leaked that the PQ government was considering enacting what it called a “Charter of Quebec Values.” Chief among the provisions is a set of restrictions on provincial government employees wearing various religious symbols while at work. Much of the early coverage framed the provision as a means of capitalizing on the “integration” wedge issue, already awakened by the debate earlier in the summer over an attempt by the Quebec Soccer Federation to ban the wearing of Sikh headwear during matches in the province. That attempt was quickly abandoned after receiving justified repudiation from all quarters, including an official statement from FIFA that torpedoed the provision’s rather dubious justification of player safety.

“Restricting religious freedom […] is a losing proposition for immigrants and also for Quebec itself.”

It might be just as well that the PQ wants to drive these wedges back into the electorate. Polling shows that the actual issue of sovereignty—ostensibly the PQ’s raison d’etre—is at best a politically dormant proposition. These attempts to assert control over religious and cultural minorities, which have the added side benefit of stirring up federal-provincial friction, do well in polls with significant parts of the Quebec electorate, even in the face of opposition from quarters normally supportive of sovereignty.

Despite the popular support it enjoys in some quarters, the current Charter of Quebec Values is a decidedly ill-considered project. Forcing government workers to choose between their jobs and their religion, particularly in situations where observing a religion presents little, if any, disruption to the work environment, is the kind of pernicious intrusion on individual rights that has no place in a free society. This restriction, which would function as a de facto bar from employment for individuals of certain religious groups, raises serious questions on the Charter.

On a more practical level, restricting religious freedom—in a manner that will inevitably have a disparate impact on mostly nonwhite, non-Christian religious practitioners, is a losing proposition not just for immigrants to the province but also for Quebec itself. The province has long been losing population to the rest of Canada, and with relatively low birth rates, immigrants have long been counted on to stem the province’s population decline.

By instituting such a policy, Quebec risks losing valuable contributors to society. For example, increases in hospital wait times are being threatened if Sikh and Muslim doctors are driven out of practicing while observing their religions.

This editorial board believes  that to create such an environment of hostility to outsiders—be it based on language, ethnicity, or religion—will only make this province less appealing to newcomers, including McGill students. From the board’s vantage point, multiculturalism is not, as Premier Marois seems to view it, a failed social policy precipitating violence, but rather, one of the guiding values not only of this institution and its student body, but also of this nation. We hope that Marois will stop pandering to baser instincts of provincial public opinion and instead look at the bigger picture.

Read the latest issue

Read the latest issue