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Sports

Should fighting be allowed in the NHL?

For

If someone told you that police forces should cease to exist because in a few occasions, they have arrested the wrong person, would you join a picket line in front of a police station? No, you wouldn’t, simply because you know that the police are designed to punish offences despite the small drawbacks that can occur in the process.

The same logic can be applied to fighting in hockey. The first and foremost reason that fighting came to exist in the game of professional hockey, according to Ross Bernstein in his book The Code: the Unwritten Rules of Fighting and Retaliation in the NHL, was to protect teams’ key players. Over the years, teams have employed enforcers to protect their star players from the Matt Cookes to the Tie Domis of the game. The threat of having to fight Dave Semenko kept Wayne Gretzky safe, opening up the game and allowing him to play unfettered by fear of cheap shots. Fighting in hockey is not meant to be brutal and unwarranted, but is instead synonymous with protection and solidarity.

So, if fighting is removed from the game, how are players meant to dissuade cheap shot artists from filling their star players’ heads with flying elbows? Rob Ray, a former NHL enforcer, said it would be “a big mistake” to outlaw fighting. “You need to have that fear: If I hit someone wrong, someone’s going to come after me,” he said. “Without it, you’d have far more head shots and hits from behind.” Ray isn’t the only player who believes it either, as many players, including Gretzky, have lauded the role of the enforcer on their teams.

Yet in an era when head injuries are of primary concern for both fans and players, how does fighting stack up? The main argument against fighting is that it’s a leading cause of concussions in the NHL. Well fear not, my fisticuff-enjoying friends, because last March, the league released the results of a two-year statistical study of NHL concussions.  According to the study, 44 per cent of the concussions incurred during the 2010-2011 season resulted from legal hits, 26 per cent from accidental hits, 17 per cent from illegal hits and eight per cent from fighting, with the cause of the remaining five per cent undetermined (which is probably legal speak for “Matt Cooke”). So, if you want to ban fighting because of head injuries, you’re going to have to ban legal hits and accidental hits from the game first, which is pointless.

Fighting should remain a part of the NHL.

– Christopher Nardi

 

Against

Fighting is a controversial subject in hockey. Some see it as part of the game and believe a fight can inspire a team, but what fighting takes away from hockey seems to have a larger impact than the occasional joys it might bring.

Hockey is about using skill, technique, strategy, and determination to rise above the other team. Without fighting, would outcomes be significantly affected? Unlikely. Undoubtedly there is a difference between men’s and women’s hockey. Women’s games lack a physical aspect, but they are still aggressive and are more focused on the technical aspects of the game—strategy and skill. This is not to say that men’s hockey games have less skill, but for some men, fighting can become a distraction that can deter from the enjoyment of the game. Roster spots that could go to skill players are reserved for goons who can barely skate.

In recent years the NHL has made major strides in cracking down on illegal hits. In particular, this season, Brendan Shanahan has made it clear that the league no longer tolerates illegal hits by doling out countless “Shanabans.” Supporters of fighting argue that enforcers protect star players, but in reality, the rules exist to punish offenders and these players take up roster spots that could go to skill players.

In addition, there are major injury consequences of fighting; players who fight run the risk of getting hurt. Those coaches who send their enforcers out to fight are complicit in these injuries.

This issue cannot be discussed without mentioning the events of this past year. Wade Belak, Rick Rypien, and Derek Boogaard all passed away, leading many to link fighting and the enforcer role with depression and substance abuse. As sad as these cases are, they are prime examples of what can happen to someone who assumes the enforcer role on a team. Not only does this lead to tragic outcomes for the individual and their families, but the morale of hockey also suffers. Without fighting, it’s possible these tragedies may have never occurred.

Fighting appeals to the commercial aspect of hockey. Some fans may argue that the game is more exciting if they can expect certain players to start fighting. This has a greater impact off the ice, as it will make more people watch the game but for reasons not directly related to the actual game—the wrong reasons. If you’re looking for a fight, watch the UFC. Fans should understand there is more to hockey than just fighting.

For the benefit of the game, the NHL should ban fighting.

–Rebecca Babcock

 

Winner: For

Fighting creates excitement for many fans and generates needed revenue for the league. It may seem barbaric and lead to injuries, but the stats show that fighting poses a lesser risk to players’ health than even regular hitting. Stars like Sidney Crosby are less likely to be targeted if the goons that injure them fear retaliation from enforcers. Until illegal hits are completely eliminated, fighting must remain a part of NHL hockey.

Sports

Martlets eke out win, clinch RSEQ playoff berth

Sam Reynolds
Sam Reynolds

UQTR was in town this past Sunday night to battle the Martlets in a crucial game for the women’s soccer team. McGill was looking for revenge, as the Patriotes won decisively 3-0 the last time these two teams met on Sep. 30.

McGill succeeded, overcoming an uninspired effort to better the visitors by a score of 1-0. The victory can be credited to the golden boot of fourth year captain Alexandra Morin-Boucher, who potted the lone goal, her team-leading seventh of the season, in the 68th minute of play off a blistering unassisted right-footed strike.

With only two games remaining in the season and only four playoff spots up for grabs, the win was huge for the third place Martlets, who clinched an RSEQ post-season berth with the victory.

But despite the result and the guarantee of a chance for provincial hardware, there is little McGill can take from this match going forward, as the quality of play was often low and inconsistent on both sides of the ball. This was particularly prevalent from the outset, as the first 25 minutes yielded only two shots for the Martlets. This remarkably low offensive production seemed to lull the crowd of 55 that assembled at Molson Stadium. The first half concluded similarly, with extended midfield challenges and turnovers dissipating all hopes of a goal.

With the threat of a nil-nil draw looming, the Martlets started to show some urgency in their play during the second half. The pace and precision improved substantially until the prized goal was scored. It came about in a harmless fashion, as a rare UQTR offensive was stymied by a booming clearance from the Martlet back line. However, this clearance proved to be all that striker Morin-Boucher would require, as she shouldered her way past her mark to claim the bouncing ball, gaining the position she needed to blast the ball past the helpless Trois-Rivières’ keeper Stephanie Rousseau. Following the goal, the Patriotes did everything they could to find an equalizer in the waning minutes of the match, but to no avail.

Despite the lack of quality scoring opportunities for the Martlets, they found a win and thus improved to 7-3-2 on the year. McGill ends its campaign with a pair of road games on Oct. 28 and 30 against Montreal and Concordia respectively, before squaring off in the provincial semi-final scheduled for Nov. 4.

Arts & Entertainment

Coma Unplugged is very much alive

Talisman Theatre

It’s a terrible thing to watch a mind go to waste. Yet Pierre-Michel Tremblay’s Coma Unplugged makes it so infectiously fun. Talisman Theatre’s latest production is proof that when you mix a sharply written script with a cast whose energy knows no bounds, magic occurs.

The play, translated into English by Micheline Chevrier and directed by Zach Fraser, is set somewhere in a no-man’s-land between the protagonist’s apartment and his psychosis-fuelled imagination. Daniel (Eloi ArchamBaudoin) is a recent divorcee, and is therefore “coping.” Thanks to his particular mixture of child-like hyperactivity and a pensioner’s cynicism, watching him cope is particularly uproarious. Characters materialize and vanish from the creatively porous set just as flights of imagination do in a mind, and the audience is never really sure what, if anything, is grounded in reality. Is Marjorie (Glenda Braganza) really the antagonizing ex-wife coming over to berate Daniel, or is she that even bigger nag, his own guilty conscience?

This is a question that Tremblay’s zany yet contemplative script only hints at answering. Much of the show is a whirlwind of one-liners and off-kilter humour, with room even for a guest-starring role by Stephen Hawking, who imparts some timely wisdom: “It’s more important to be comical than astronomical.” It’s advice not to be taken lightly, since the script is strongest and most effective when it sticks to humour and humanity, and not during its occasional strays into socio-historical commentary. Kudos, however, to Chevrier, for the unenviable task of translating the plethora of cultural references to a non-Quebecois audience, and doing so effectively.

The script also served ArchamBaudoin particularly well. From his twitching, writhing entrance, ArchamBaudoin took to his role with electrifying animation and eclectic physicality, crafting an endearing sentiment out of a character that would have inspired mild annoyance in the hands of a less skilled actor. As Daniel’s inner warrior Ishouad, Chimwemwe Miller also had particularly effective moments of well-timed and well-executed physical comedy. Donovan Reiter, as macho-man Roger, had the best delivery, with full-bodied articulation that didn’t step on the subtleties.

Regrettably, the play’s frenzied pace was not sustained for the entire duration, which was particularly noticeable during the scene with Daniel’s mother, Madeleine (Susan Glover). Glover’s performance was formidable, but did not rise to an energy level on par with that of the rest of the cast. On the other hand, the rapidity with which the play moved meant that not everything worked perfectly; at the performance I attended a woman was intimately introduced to a projectile prop. The first third of the script also relied heavily upon repetition for humour, to diminished effect.

The technical aspects, led by Kaileigh Krysztofiak, showcased impressive talent and creativity, especially in consideration of the intimate space available. Matthew Waddell’s sound design displayed an appropriate variety and was crucial in conveying the narrative. Lyne Paquette’s set design was eclectic yet functional, and provided ample opportunities for humourous entrances and exits. David Perreault Ninacs’ lighting, although the small space didn’t lend itself well to subtlety, was both dynamic and effective.

Coma Unplugged makes the most out of its discombobulation. The voyage through Daniel’s fracturing mind is one fraught with side-splitting laughter and deep introspection: in other words, a perfect night out.

Coma Unplugged runs until Oct. 29 at Talisman Theatre, 4750 Henri-Julien. Visit www.talisman-theatre.com for more information.

Arts & Entertainment

A fortress to take shelter in

killbeatmusic.com

It only takes two minutes talking to Jennifer Castle to feel completely mellow. The light, pure tone of her singing voice matches the soft, relaxed tone of her conversation, and clues you into her laid back, organic approach to music. Evident in her newest album, Castlemusic, Castle’s take on songwriting and performing is both honest and slightly mystical at the same time, and that’s exactly the sense one gets when interviewing her. Her answers are vague at times, but not due to any desire for secrecy. She sounds very much like she knows the feeling she wants to convey, but that it’s very important to her that she conveys exactly what she feels, because it needs to be the truth.

“Sometimes [writing a song] can be a bit of a puzzle, [but] I don’t try to push a song out,” says Castle. “The ones that were hard to write, I didn’t put on the record. I don’t really like the sound of labour.”

Castle recently signed with Calgary label Flemish Eye, which she says has been a good fit for her. She likes Alberta and the new music and artists in the area, but she maintains that she’s remained true to the core of who and what she and her music are, even amidst the new environment.

She also talks about the change from performing with other bands to performing solo, reluctant to pick a favourite. This sentiment seems prevalent within her music and outlook on life; it’s fine to observe, and reflect, but there’s no need to judge anything. Things are simply the way they are, and while certainly worth writing about, quantifying or ranking them somehow devalues the whole experience.

“[Performing solo, or in a group] is totally different. In one you have to ask everybody ‘How did it go for you?’ I always know how it went for me at the end of my show, but that collective experience is different. I enjoy them both at different times. They’re both challenging in their own ways.”

So, when asked which song off the new album was her favourite, of course she doesn’t have a quick, definite answer. After taking some time to collect her thoughts, she answers that “Neverride” isn’t her favourite, but that everyone involved with the record could tell it was something special, something to set the standard for the rest of the album.

“When we recorded ‘Neverride,’ which I think we did early on in our sessions, [it] felt like a little bit of a pearl to us all. ‘Neverride’ was like a little jewel that we had, to us it sounded special, so we aimed for that specialness throughout [the album].”

Other songs like “Way of the Crow” and “Powers” deliver the same easy listening experience, coupled with pervading messages of freedom and truth. However, the one notable outlier on Castlemusic is “Poor As Him,” which has a more upbeat, percussive feel.

“It definitely has a more rockabilly flavour to it. I mean, I didn’t name it that, but enough people have said that to me that I’m like, ‘Yeah, I guess it sounds kind of rockabilly.’ When it came time to record it, we were like, ‘Let’s just do it like that.’ I’ve played it fast and I’ve played it slow and I still play fast or slow, it just depends on where I’m at when I play it.”

Another unique aspect to Castle’s approach is her desire to keep her performances very under-rehearsed and spontaneous.

“It always just depends. That’s one of the indulgences of being a solo performer, is you can just play what you want. When I play my solo stuff with other people, I do like to change things right before we play just so that we’re all put into a position of having to listen to each other. I like that spontaneity.”

Overall, Castlemusic is perfect to kick back and relax to, but you won’t be disappointed if you take the time to actively listen to the lyrics and try to find a deeper meaning. Though Castle denies attempting to convey a distinct message with the album, that might just be its brilliance.

“To each their own,” Castle says. “Whatever happens happens when somebody listens to it.”

Jennifer Castle plays La Sala Rossa tonight, October 25th, with Chad VanGaalen. Tickets are $15 at the door.

Arts & Entertainment

Iced Earth: Dystopia

That Iced Earth’s newest album Dystopia is nearly identical to its predecessors does not necessarily condemn it to mediocrity. The band’s leader (and sole fixture), rhythm guitarist Jon Schaffer, has been cutting songs from the same cloth for a long time, but has managed to produce a number of very enjoyable albums despite this.

Although it’s equal parts remarkable and disappointing that Dystopia, Iced Earth’s third consecutive album with a new lead singer, is interchangeable with the other two albums, there are things to be enjoyed here. To those who’ve heard them, Iced Earth presents the same familiar elements as other thrash/power metal groups: thundering double bass drums, palm-muted riffs, and an overwrought vocal delivery.

New vocalist Stu Block (formerly of Canadian group Into Eternity) gamely gives it his all, although his voice, often sounding like a mix between his two precursors’, doesn’t exactly bring anything new to the overall sound. Block at least sounds like he’s having fun; while his approach isn’t exactly nuanced, it nevertheless livens up the otherwise tepid material he’s provided with. The lyrics are rather middling; Dystopia is a concept album, and one whose subject is as self-evident as it is unoriginal.

The most dispiriting aspect of this album is that it all feels so rote; it reeks of something assembled, with each incorporated element checked off a list of metal clichés. Even though they are executed competently, it doesn’t offset how uninspired the effort is.

Arts & Entertainment

M83: Hurry Up, We’re Dreaming

M83’s Anthony Gonzalez has openly admitted his obsession with 1980’s synth-pop. If he were a new wave fanboy, Hurry Up, We’re Dreaming would be his loving tribute. And although it’s labeled as a two-disc set, the album clocks in at a relatively short 73 minutes and plays nicely in one sitting. It begins with an introduction reminiscent of the opener from Van Halen’s “1984,” in which electronic keyboard is established as the fundamental musical element to be used extensively throughout the album.

Gonzalez has a flawless understanding of ‘80s vocal quirks.  The intro track’s gradual buildup, combined with guest ginger Zola Jesus’ angst, show hints of U2 and there are brief glimpses of David Gilmour’s echoed vocals on the acoustic “Wait.” On “Claudia Lewis,” he evokes Peter Gabriel’s strained high notes to absolute perfection.

The album’s celestial atmosphere holds strong throughout the bulk of the material, but it probably could have been just as satisfying if it spared its brief instrumental tracks. Having these occasional interruptions reinforces the cosmic vibe of the record, but it would have functioned just as seamlessly and sounded even more focused if it were trimmed to a single disc.

Hurry Up, We’re Dreaming is a dazzling interpretation of old styles. If M83’s influence normally rests among 18-24 year olds, imagine how clearly this type of album will resonate to those outside the university demographic.

Arts & Entertainment

Justice: Audio, Video, Disco

 Webster’s English Dictionary should go ahead and put the album art for Audio, Video, Disco beside the definition of sophomore slump. The first album from the French electrohouse duo, †, was just about perfect in every regard. However, Gaspard Augé and Xavier de Rosnay took many of its positive aspects and threw them out the window. De Rosnay couldn’t have put it better when he explained that Audio, Video, Disco is daytime music and not as aggressive as the first album. Unfortunately for Justice, most of their fans sleep during the day.

The album starts off strong; the first two tracks, “Horsepower” and the single “Civilization” are bangers which wouldn’t be out of place on †. However, what follows is a hodgepodge of gospel-infused, disco-house music, which is about as polished as a third grade finger painting. The sound resembles a cross between the Justice we used to know and Steve Vai. Additionally, the transitions are full stops, entirely interrupting any flow on the album.

There are a couple of tracks which succeed with the new style. “On’n’On” features a strong bass line complemented by a subtle treble harmony, and the title track is a soothing walk through Justice’s new direction.

One redeeming factor is the inclusion of “Planisphere,” a single the band released on MySpace in 2008. It’s a welcome window into what Justice used to be: dirty bass lines perfectly contrasted with vocals and treble twangs. But Audio, Video, Disco just doesn’t do the band justice.

Sports

Rivals ruin Redmen’s run

Ryan Reisert
Ryan Reisert

The McGill Redmen suffered their first loss of the 2011-2012 season on Friday night, falling to the UQTR Patriotes in overtime by a score of 4-3. Despite getting a point in the loss, the second-ranked Redmen were outplayed for the majority of the game and scored two goals in the final four minutes to force the extra frame.

McGill got on the board early, as rookie Guillaume Langelier-Parent knocked home a rebound just 2:53 into the game. The Redmen held the lead until the eighth minute of the second period when UQTR’s Michel Ouellet tied the game at one. Ouellet netted his second goal of the night at 8:51 of the third and Félix Petit added another just two and a  half minutes later as UQTR moved ahead 3-1. The Redmen clawed back with just over four minutes remaining, getting goals from captain Evan Vossen and sophomore defenceman Vincent Bourgeois in a span of 1:49 to force overtime. The comeback would fall short, however, as UQTR’s Félix Lefrancois beat Redmen goalie Hubert Morin with 50 seconds remaining in the extra period.

With the victory, the Patriotes improved to 5-2 on the season and moved into first place atop the OUA East Division. Despite being outshot 30-29 on the evening, UQTR played an excellent defensive game, keeping McGill to the outside of their zone, and allowing very few quality scoring chances. Though the game was back and forth in the first period, the Patriotes controlled the majority of the play and looked especially sharp after drawing even in the second.

Although they rallied late to steal a point in the losing effort, the Redmen were far from satisfied with their performance. “We stopped moving our feet,” McGill Head Coach Kelly Nobes said after the game. “We have to put together 60 minutes against a good team like that. We made a comeback there in the third, but I didn’t think we deserved to win.”

McGill’s top line of Francis Verrault-Paul, Alex Picard-Hooper, and Andrew Wright consistently controlled the puck in the offensive zone, but failed to generate anything substantial. “We’re successful when we get the puck down low and start using each other,” Wright said, who echoed his coach’s words, adding, “We weren’t moving our feet like we normally do, and for that reason we weren’t getting open and we weren’t getting clear shots. I don’t think any team could keep up with us if we play a full 60 minutes.”

The strength of this Redmen team is their speed and forechecking, but they have yet to establish either over the course of a full contest so far this season. Their depth has been a large factor in the team’s 4-0-1 start, despite the lack of consistency. McGill dropped their second OT decision of the weekend by a score of 3-2 at Concordia’s Ed Meagher Arena but they will get a quick chance to avenge the defeat Friday, Oct. 28 when the Stingers pay a visit to McConnell Arena.

Arts & Entertainment

Two-dimensional plot, 3D action

Hollywood seems to be lacking in original ideas. If they can’t revamp an older movie and call it a prequel they turn to books for inspiration, to varying degrees of success. The remake of Alexandre Dumas’ The Three Musketeers is one of the better efforts. It walks the fine line between cheesy and awesome, and though the schmaltz sometimes wins out, it doesn’t detract from the heroic, feel-good dynamic of the story. It also manages to revitalize a classic tale of heroism and fighting for what is right.

The writers can be credited with sticking to the original plot. Young D’Artagnan (Logan Lerman) travels to Paris to join the now retired Musketeers: Athos (Matthew MacFadyen), Porthos (Ray Stevenson), and Aramis (Luke Evans). Together they must foil an attempt to start a war between Britain and France, ignited by the crooked Cardinal Richelieu (Christoph Waltz) by retrieving the young Queen’s necklace from the Duke of Buckingham’s (Orlando Bloom) personal vault in the Tower of London.

The plot is rather straightforward, but its simplicity allows for a rabble-rousing hour-and-a-half of explosions, fencing duels, and flying ships to take over your imagination with little resistance. The steampunk universe is one of a corrupt cardinal ruling through a young, naïve, and love-struck king, where the villains wear black and war is fought on Da Vinci’s secret war machines. It’s reminiscent of the Sherlock Holmes remake, and that’s not a bad thing.

The film reaches a happy medium in employing 3D technology for both depth and texture, and its more classic use of simulating objects flying directly towards your face. The most striking part of this film is the mise-en-scene, and having these elaborate, gilded sets, which look like Renaissance tableaus, brought to life is fantastic. Coupled with flying cannon fodder and fire pouring out of flying ships, the 3D really works.

What’s more, Paul Haslinger’s original score is fantastic, taking the intensity of a full orchestra and fitting it to the silver screen. The battle scenes are tense and the music swells and falls at all the right places. It’s enough to carry you through the movie if you let yourself get wrapped up in it.

The movie is simply a thinly veiled coming-of-age story where love eventually conquers and virtue is rewarded, but what’s wrong with that? It’s an archetype that works, and the characters are classic heroes that are complemented by the knee-slap humour and epic battles on rooftops.

Overall, for such a light-hearted flick, it manages to successfully address one of the biggest challenges faced by movies: the translation of book to film, especially one with as much history and influence as The Three Musketeers. This movie manages to be a brand new film about a story that’s already been told, and that’s impressive considering all the disasters we’ve seen before.

News

McGill hosts conference on clergy sex abuse

Lindsay Cameron
Lindsay Cameron

To many, the clerical abuse scandal in the Catholic clergy was something that happened in 2002 when media reports were first released, and has only appeared in the public consciousness sporadically since then. This is certainly not the case within the Catholic Church. On Oct. 14 and 15, McGill hosted “Trauma and Transformation: the Catholic Church and the Sexual Abuse Crisis,” a conference which drew together seven bishops, 50 nuns and priests, dozens of academics, and around 20 students to talk about clergy abuse, and how to resolve and prevent it.

“It is significant that this is the first time there has been a major academic conference that is at a secular university,” Dan Cere, a McGill Religious Studies professor and conference co-host, said.

“Most of the conversations that have gone to date [within the Catholic Church] have tended to focus on …  ‘what are the codes, what are the protocols that we need to put in place to stop this?’ They haven’t really looked at what the systemic issues are.”

A study released in May 2011 by the John Jay School of Criminal Justice at the City University of New York looked at statistics of sexual abuse of minors within the Catholic Church from 1950 to 2010 in America. Principal investigator Karen Terry found that incidents of abuse had peaked in the 1970s and 1980s, implying that abuse may not, as previously thought, be endemic within the Catholic Church, but could be linked with particular phenomena of that era.

“We found that the rise in abusive behavior within the Church was consistent with rises in other types of behavior in society,” Terry said.

These included rises in crime, drug usage, divorce, and premarital sex. While Terry emphasized that these behaviors did not cause abuse, the social factors that caused these behaviors to increase may also have contributed towards the increase in abuse in the Catholic Church.

“The dioceses at this point need to continue to provide safe environment programs … but they still need to be held accountable, and they need to increase their transparency in responses to abuse,” Terry said, recommending changes for the church based on the study.

Archbishop Mancini of Halifax suggested that reforms need to be made within the church, including the church’s age-old teachings on sexuality.

“The fact is that sexuality is part of the human condition, and when it is ignored, minimized, or inadequately understood, the result is devastation in people’s lives.”

Instead of ignoring sexuality the way the church has in the past, Mancini urged more discussion on the subject, specifically to allow priests to understand themselves and develop.

Another conference participant, Fr. George Wilson, indicated that the Catholic Church should allow parishoners more power in matters of faith than had been previously granted.

“We should have laymen and laywomen on the board [to ordain priests] making that decision [of who becomes a priest and who does not],” Wilson said.

McGill Student Ombudsperson Spencer Boudreau felt that the abuse that occurred within the Catholic Church could be examined as a case study for other large institutions.

“I think the conference has a message to students that it’s important to speak about any kind of abuse,” Boudreau said.

“I’m in education. A big issue now for example is bullying that goes on in schools and on the Internet … that’s a form of abuse that maybe all of us have to be more sensitive about … I think that we always have to be sensitive to abuse.”

Students felt that the experience was unique and contradicted the views long thought to be true about the Catholic Church’s attitudes towards sexual abuse.

“I think the image from this conference is one that sharply contrasts the one that the mass media has been portraying since this issue erupted … that the church is complacent, that it’s not interested in improvement … but the sense that you get from a conference like this … is that they do care and that they are being proactive…. ” Julian Paparella, a U0 science student volunteering at the event, said.

“As the younger generation, we’re not necessarily directly affected as individuals by this particular issue, but it’s one about which we need to be knowledgable in order that in the future, we may not experience what we did in the past.”

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