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Hockey, Martlets, Sports

Martlets hockey home opener turns into a frustrating loss against UOttawa’s Gee-Gee’s

by Madigan McMahon, Megan Belrose on

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On Oct. 26, the Martlets’ hockey team (1–2) suffered a tough loss against the Ottawa Gee-Gees (2–1) in a penalty-filled home opener. 

The Martlets opened the game with a quick shot on goal, followed by forward India Benoit taking a tripping penalty to give the Gee-Gees their first powerplay of the game. The Gee-Gees broke through McGill’s defense in the second minute of play, and pulled off a shot on goal that was saved by goalie Sophie Lajeunesse. Coming out of the box, Benoit passed to forward Mika Chang before attempting a shot on goal. 

Eight minutes in, Ottawa took a tripping penalty to give McGill the advantage. McGill maintained good offensive motion that tested the Gee-Gees’ goalie. A sloppy line change from the Gee-Gees then led to a momentary five-on-zero advantage for the Martlets that excited the crowd. 

10 minutes into the first period, four Martlets and one Gee-Gee went down before Meganne Chailler came off in pain––she later returned to the ice. A minute later, Ottawa opened the scoring with the first goal of the game after careless defending from the Martlets left the Gee-Gees center alone in the slot. Despite their sloppy defense, they managed to get another solid shot on goal and Lajeunesse blocked an attempt from Ottawa in the last minute of play. Both teams matched in their high aggression, which the referees seemed hesitant to call in the first half of the period. The first period ended 1-0 for Ottawa, with eight shots on goal by the Gee-Gees and the Martlets close behind with seven. 

“We will need to be more disciplined and have less penalties,” Beniot told The Tribune.  “Playing on the PK [penalty kill] for a long time and getting momentum [created challenges for us].” 

Although McGill opened the second period strongly with a shot on goal, Ottawa turned the tide by denying the Martlets on a breakaway and pressuring them with two unsuccessful attempts. Following a head-contact call, forward Megan Kronwald was sent to the penalty box for four minutes. The Martlets finally found the back of the net after a misplay by Ottawa’s goaltender, but the goal was ultimately disallowed. The teams traded shots on goal in the last half of the second period. Tensions rose between the players in front of the Martlets net, which led to the referees reprimanding both teams. In the last minutes of the period, Ottawa attempted three more unsuccessful shots on goal, outshooting the Martlets 8-5. 

The Martlets started the third period by picking up another penalty, with forward Anika Cormier being sent to the box for tripping in the second minute of play. Ottawa managed two shots on goal during their power play before picking up a penalty of their own. In the seventh minute of the period, an Ottawa player was knocked to the ground in a multi-player collision and skated off the ice supported by her teammates. McGill defense Mia Giles picked up a penalty for body checking, followed closely by a penalty called on forward Syrine Kacem for holding. In an attempt to even the score, the Martlets pulled their goalie in the last minute of play, but their failed attempts to to put the puck in the back of the net allowed the Gee-Gees to score an empty-netter with eight seconds to go, ending the evening on a 2-0 loss for the Martlets. 

The Martlets (2–2) beat the Carleton Ravens (1–1) 1-0 on Oct. 28 and will play Bishop’s University on Nov. 3

Moment of the game: After deflecting a shot, the Ottawa goalie nudged the puck into the goal before the referees called offside and the goal was disallowed.

Quotable: “We play against Carleton next. We have practice Friday and we will do everything to prepare accordingly for this game and bounce back hard.”

–Forward India Benoit

Stat corner: The Martlets received two penalties for tripping, two for hooking and one penalty each for holding, head contact, and body checking. Four of these penalties occurred in the third period. 

Know Your Athlete, Lacrosse, Men's Varsity, Sports

Know Your Athlete: Dylan James

by Anoushka Oke on

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McGill Redbirds’ Dylan James comes from a lacrosse family. He followed in the footsteps of his older cousins who played and now his younger brother, Austin James, competes in the same league, playing for the Trent University Excalibur.

Although James played ice hockey when he was younger, he eventually shifted his focus to lacrosse.

“Although I did enjoy hockey, it was much more of a social thing. [Hockey] was competitive and I definitely tried at it, but it was much more about enjoying the sport with friends,” James said in an interview with The Tribune. “With lacrosse, I realized that there was a deeper passion and opportunities in the future that I was looking forward to.”

James dreamed of playing university lacrosse since high school. He completed two years of high school in his hometown of Little Britain, Ontario. However, after tenth grade, he transferred to Virginia Episcopal School, an American boarding school whose representatives he met with after playing a lacrosse tournament in the United States. The school offered him a spot on their lacrosse team in pursuit of playing at a university level.

Until he was 13, James primarily played box lacrosse because it was the only option available in such a small town. Then, in grade seven, he tried field lacrosse, where he was able to thrive.

Although James originally hoped to play in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the COVID-19 pandemic pushed him to return home to Canada for university and attend McGill. Now in his second year of eligibility after the pandemic sidetracked the lacrosse program for two years, James has enjoyed his experience as a student-athlete alongside his teammates.

“Playing a varsity sport is a huge commitment to begin with, but it feels like much less of a commitment when you have the community of guys that we have,” he said. “There are definitely going to be days where you’re a little sore, you’re beat up, you just don’t really feel like playing, but then you have teammates that are willing to put in the work but also want to have a good time––it’s a group of friends.”

His personal goal for this season was to be more of a leader in the attack.

“Last year, I didn’t step in the role that I knew I probably could have filled, whether I want to blame that on injuries or it being my first year—all of those are kind of just excuses,” James explained. “The reality is, I just wasn’t stepping up the way that I thought I should have, and that was a big thing for me.”

James also wants to make the most of the time he has left with his team in his last year on the team before he graduates, whether that means enjoying the social events more or just hanging out with his teammates outside of practice and games.

“That has honestly made this year much more enjoyable from a practical standpoint because we’re much closer, I think, this year,” James said.

Outside of lacrosse, James likes to focus on the “student” part of being a student-athlete: He is a McGill psychology major McGill and spends a lot of time studying. He also enjoys socializing with his non-lacrosse friends or doing anything active, especially going for walks outdoors. 

With the team now one game into the 2023 playoffs, James spoke on the team’s mental toughness going into the elimination games.

“I think on paper, we have the opportunity to be the best team in the league,” he said. “But it’s more just making sure that we’re being tough, that we’re being disciplined, that when we go down, we’re not hanging our heads, we’re focusing on getting the next one.”

The Redbirds won their first playoff game 9-5 against Queen’s University on Oct. 29. Next, they will play in the quarter-finals against the University of Guelph on Nov. 3 at the Baggataway Cup.

Student Life

The revival of McGill’s Community Engagement Day

by Katherine Weaver on

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Held in the University Centre on Oct. 26, Community Engagement Day (CED) made a strong reappearance this year. The event, run by the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) and McGill Campus Life and Engagement (CLE), aims to put students in contact with local McGill and Montreal-based volunteering groups. This year, it featured around 30 organizations from the greater Montreal area.

It was a lively scene in the SSMU Ballroom, which was filled with a ring of booths toward one end and an Art Hive workshop pop-up on the other. Free lunch was provided for attendees, who filtered in and out throughout the afternoon.

Maria Radu, BA ‘22 and the current SSMU Community Engagement Commissioner, helped organize Thursday’s event. CED was established in 2012 but hadn’t been run at this scale since 2017.

“I wanted to bring [CED] back, because it’s a really cool event, and I think that it’s a great opportunity for students to get involved,” Radu said. “I did a very small one last year in the winter, just to kind of test the waters and try it out. And it went really well. We got a lot of great feedback. I wanted to do it on a bigger scale this year.”

Radu aims to hold the event annually and grow it to a similar scale as SSMU’s Activities Night.

“There’s a lot of opportunities that I think students don’t know about,” Radu commented. “So I’m happy to help promote them.”

Organizations attending this year’s CED ranged from Big Brothers Big Sisters, an organization that provides mentors to youth with adverse childhood experiences, to Tel-Aide, a volunteer-run mental health hotline.

Community Cooks Collective (CCC) was one of those organizations. Founded in 2020, CCC is a group that seeks to address food insecurity in the Montreal area by delivering home-cooked meals to three local food shelters.

“We’re looking to grow the roster of cooks and build up our organizing team to be able to expand operations further,” Tatiana Townsley, a CCC volunteer explained.

Arabel Morin, U3 Arts, visited CED after finding it on MyInvolvement, a platform connecting students with engagement opportunities at McGill. 

“I was looking for more volunteering opportunities this year, just because it’s my last full year at McGill,” Morin explained. “I want to build new connections and do something good every once in a while..”

Concordia student Diego Fraser-del-Carpio was running the booth for The Refugee Centre (TRC), an organization which aids refuge-seekers in Montreal, providing services such as job searches, housing, and health and wellness support. 

“What volunteers help with most is filling out the refugee claimant application; the first step into getting into the refugee claimant process,” Fraser-del-Carpio said.

Jeanne Marengère, U3 Arts and TRC volunteer, has helped refugee claimants with this crucial step, translating and typing out their stories into the application form. 

“It’s really cool because we get to hear people’s stories from all over the world who are just coming to Canada,” Marengère said. “Oftentimes their stories are really sad and emotional, but it’s also very gratifying to know that you have helped someone find safety in Canada.”

Between internships, clubs, and intramural sports teams, there are many ways that university students can become involved in communities beyond the bounds of the classroom. With all these opportunities to engage, what makes volunteering as a student special?

“A lot of the time McGill can be quite a bubble, that students have trouble stepping out of,” Radu said. “A lot of organizations in Montreal really want student involvement. A lot of people volunteering at these organizations are out of school and have been for a long time, so they want a fresh student perspective.”

Those who were unable to attend can find opportunities on MyInvolvement or check out the Volunteer Bureau of Montreal.

Arts & Entertainment, Film and TV, Music

Bewitching reads and frightening films

by Isobel Bray, Suzanna Graham on

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With the scariest day of the year approaching, the season of haunted houses, autumn treats, and ghostly costume parties is upon us. But with Halloween landing on Tuesday this year, how can you be expected to keep up with the holiday spirit(s) while still making it to your 8:30 a.m. class the next day? The answer: Kick back, relax, and spend the day recovering from your Halloweekend while you check out our Halloween-themed media recommendations, courtesy of the Arts & Entertainment team. 

We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley Jackson

Isobel Bray, Contributor

This eerie tale revolves around the reclusive Blackwood sisters, Constance and Mary Katherine “Merricat,” who live in a grand house on the outskirts of a fictional American town. Six years prior, their entire family was poisoned except for Uncle Julian and their cat Jonas. Since then, the townsfolk have shunned them, believing one of the sisters to be the murderer. Their lives take an unsettling turn when their long-lost cousin Charles arrives, disrupting their routine by expressing an interest in Constance and the Blackwood estate. Shirley Jackson’s concise writing evokes the atmosphere of a dark folktale. For all its grimness, it is also a darkly humorous story. Merricat narrates the novel, and her childlike innocence and witty observations will draw you in, even as the ominous undertones become increasingly apparent. The deceptive simplicity and sinister ambiance were what made me love this book. The final published work in Jackson’s lifetime, the novel maintains the author’s signature style, as a comforting yet scary story reminiscent of small-town Americana classics.

Rituals On The Bank Of A Familiar River Kiki Rockwell

Suzanna Graham, Arts & Entertainment Editor

This Halloweekend, I’ve been solely interested in a very simple musical niche: Feminine melodies in minor keys with enough percussion and synth to make the hairs on my arm stand on end. Luckily for me, I’ve found just that in Kiki Rockwell’s latest album, Rituals On The Bank Of A Familiar River. While the album has a lot of gorgeous Celtic musical inspiration, Kiki’s inclusion of hostile chatter, frantic screams, and monotone chants in the background make me think that I’m hearing music directly from women amidst the witch trials of the high Middle Ages. However, Kiki refuses to follow history. “Burn Your Village” includes a multitude of women backing vocals and a beat that reflects a quickening metronome, reflecting a group of women ‘witches’ fighting back against those who condemned them. Kiki’s music is that of haunted women, radical solidarity, and suppressed feminine power. It’s raw. It’s powerful. It’s perfect for this bewitchingtime of year. 

The Scream Franchise

Isobel Bray, Contributor

The Scream franchise, renowned for its unique blend of horror, satire, and self-awareness, has stood the test of time. Across the initial four installments, director Wes Craven skillfully deconstructed and subverted conventional horror tropes, offering both a meta-commentary of the genre and genuine scares. While the original 1996 film set a new standard, the franchise’s ability to reinvent itself while preserving its core essence accounts for its enduring appeal. The movie follows Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell) as she battles masked, knife-wielding killers obsessed with phone calls and scary movies. The first film, which follows high school students in the suburban town of Woodsboro, California, is my favourite—partly because of the iconic 90s aesthetic, and because of its approach to the genre, creating a nostalgic yet relevant horror experience. The most recent releases, Scream (2022) and Scream VI (2023), directed by Matt Bettinelli-Olpin and Tyler Gillett, follow a new generation of Woodsboro students, with appearances from some of the original cast. I did not find the recent films particularly terrifying, especially since the biggest jumpscare turned out to be when McGill’s downtown campus stepped in for New York City in the sixth film.

Science & Technology

Gairdner Foundation celebrates new frontiers of biomedical research

by Shani Laskin, Athina Sitou on

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McGill’s Office of Research and Innovation invited two recent recipients of the Canada Gairdner International Award to present their research to the McGill community. Demis Hassabis, CEO and co-founder of Google DeepMind, and Lynne Maquat, J. Lowell Orbison Endowed Chair and professor in the University of Rochester’s Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, spoke to students and faculty about recent biomedical advancements. 

Hassabis, a 2023 recipient, gave the first lecture, focusing mostly on his work with DeepMind’s AlphaFold project, which uses artificial intelligence (AI) to understand how proteins fold. His lecture began with a brief history of DeepMind and the achievements that preceded AlphaFold. Hassabis co-founded DeepMind—now owned by Google—in 2010. Since the company’s inception, AI research and capabilities have exploded. 

Before AlphaFold, DeepMind made AI history with AlphaGo, a project in which the company’s AI system beat a master Go player in a highly publicized game that had a one-million-dollar bet riding on it. During his presentation, Hassabis explained that the sheer number of possible combinations of moves in the game made it so difficult. 

“One easy way to see how complex Go is is that there are 10 to the power 170 possible positions in Go, which is far more than there are atoms in the universe,” Hassabis said. “So we had to come up with systems that were much cleverer that learned about the structure of Go and learned heuristics about Go so that we could make the search tractable.”

DeepMind initially introduced AlphaGo to ‘strong amateur’ Go players to learn the game. Subsequently, they honed the model’s skills by playing it against increasingly better versions of itself in a process called reinforcement learning. Hassabis explained that the projects to build AI that could master complex games were a means to develop technologies that scientists could then apply to more socially-relevant problems.

“Games were just a means to an end,” Hassabis said. “We wanted to develop these ideas, but we wanted them to be very general, so that eventually, once they got powerful and sophisticated enough, we could transfer them to work on real-world challenges. And specifically, my passion was to apply them to scientific problems.”

The next step for Hassabis was to solve the famous protein folding problem: How a protein’s amino-acid sequence determines its 3D structure. Proteins are essential building blocks in biology and their structures can determine their functions. Understanding how even a single protein folds from just its amino-acid sequence, however, can take years of work. In 2020, AlphaFold 2 won the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP)—a contest in which teams of researchers compete to predict protein structures. Not only did DeepMind’s model win, but its result fell within an atomic threshold of accuracy, leading the CASP organizers to designate the problem as solved. Today, the AlphaFold database contains over 200 million protein structures predicted by the model. 

In 2021, Hassabis founded Isomorphic Labs, a start-up and sister company of DeepMind, focused on using AI for drug discovery. 

To conclude his lecture, Hassabis turned to ethical questions surrounding AI. While he sees immense potential for AI to benefit scientific discovery and society, he cautioned against a “move fast and break things” attitude. 

“This is too important to work in that way,” Hassabis explained. “I think we should instead use the scientific method to try and plan ahead of time and do controlled experiments and get a better understanding of what [an AI model] is before we deploy it around the world. So I think transformative technology like [Artificial General Intelligence] requires exceptional care, and what we’re trying to do at Google DeepMind is to be both bold and responsible with the technology.”

Once Hassabis ended his talk, Maquat, a 2015 Gairdner laureate, took the stage to present her pioneering discovery of nonsense-mediated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) decay (NMD). This cellular mechanism degrades abnormal mRNA to regulate cell function in both healthy and pathological conditions in humans.

NMD operates through two primary pathways involving exons—the coding regions of genes located either upstream, closer to the gene’s beginning, or downstream, closer to the gene’s end. The first pathway is reserved for newly synthesized mRNAs that end at a premature termination codon (PTC): A sequence of three RNA building blocks. This process also involves exon junction complexes (EJC)—protein complexes deposited upstream of exon-exon junctions in newly spliced mRNAs. If NMD recognizes a PTC while some EJCs remain downstream, the mRNA undergoes degradation at both the 5′ and 3′ ends. This pathway predominantly targets newly made mRNAs.

The second pathway is distinct, terminating translation upstream of a 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Unlike the first pathway, this one also applies to mRNAs in the steady state in addition to newly made mRNAs. 

Maquat’s lab first described NMD in the context of a condition called mRNA-deficient beta zero thalassemias in 1981.

“What we found were unexpected links between RNA metabolism, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. These links, we showed, are [EJCs],” Maquat said. “The newly made mRNA is poised and ready to undergo NMD should a PTC be recognized in a downstream EJC.”

Following this observation, Maquat and her colleagues wondered how the cell distinguishes between translation termination codons that trigger NMD and those that do not.

“We came up with a surprising result and that was that the answer was where the introns resided in the pre-mRNA, which was confusing to a lot of people because the introns are gone from […] the fully spliced mRNA that is then targeted for decay,” Maquat explained. “And so we proposed that splicing in the nucleus must deposit a mark on newly made mRNAs that persist until the first round of translation.”

The biggest surprise arose when the researchers discovered that NMD targets newly made mRNAs that maintain their association with the nucleus. This challenged conventional wisdom and revealed a new facet of this quality control mechanism.

“We were able to prove that NMD targets newly made mRNAs on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope,” Maquat explained during her presentation.

In addition to sharing her groundbreaking discovery of NMD and its crucial role in maintaining the integrity of gene expression and proper cellular functioning, Maquat also shared valuable advice for dealing with the pushback that she received when other scientists in her entourage may have doubted the significance of her research.

“I have to say it was really scary for me but I couldn’t think of another explanation for the data. And I think when one gets data that are controversial, it’s really important not to overinterpret the data,” Maquat said.

She also described the specific role of NMD that eliminates mutated mRNAs. This can result in dominantly inherited diseases in which a single abnormal gene from one parent is sufficient for the disease to manifest.

In their exploration of other NMD factors, Maquat’s lab started studying Fragile X syndrome (FXS). 

“[FXS] is the most common single gene cause of intellectual disability and autism. It affects one in 4000 males [and] one in 6000 to 8000 females,” Maquat explained. 

FXS is caused by the loss of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein and translational repressor. Maquat’s lab has shown that in FXS, the absence of FMRP causes global NMD hyperactivation. This leads to inefficient neural differentiation—a process that allows unspecialized cells to turn into neurons—and synapse maturation during which the connections between neurons become more efficient.

After the lectures, Hassabis and Maquat sat down for a Q&A period. As AI is increasingly being applied to biomedical research, Maquat mentioned the potential intersection between Hassabis’ research and her own in response to what she considers one of the most challenging problems that science hopes to solve.

“I think the hard problem is figuring out the networks, and there’s competition within the networks, and they’re gonna change during cell differentiation and development,” Maquat said, addressing Hassabis. “So that is a very difficult problem, and you’re approaching it fortunately, as well as ourselves, and hopefully the two will connect.”

Arts & Entertainment, Film and TV

‘Killers of the Flower Moon’ is a terrifying masterwork

by Sofia Stankovic on

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Spoilers ahead for Killers of the Flower Moon

Martin Scorsese’s latest film, Killers of the Flower Moon was released in theatres this past weekend after premiering at the Cannes Film Festival to a nine-minute-long standing ovation. Known for directing iconic films such as Taxi Driver and The Wolf of Wall Street, Scorsese moves away from thrilling dramas to delve into the heart of a historical atrocity. Based on a true story, the film is adapted from David Grann’s non-fiction book Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI. The events took place in the 1920s, when the Osage Nation of Oklahoma became the richest people per capita after they discovered oil beneath their land. In the following years, the Osage people faced a slow massacre as white settlers began to murder countless members of their community for their oil money. The film shows the devastating consequences of greed and the dark, settler colonial underbelly of the American Dream in the early 20th century. Scorsese achieves this by meticulously portraying the intricate web of cover-ups and betrayal behind the murders and the unsettling nature of their duplicity.

The film centres around Ernest Burkhart (Leonardo DiCaprio), a man who moves to Oklahoma to work with his uncle William “King” Hale (Robert De Niro). Hale poses as an ally to the Osage community while scheming to take ownership of their oil money. Following King’s advice, Ernest pursues a romantic relationship with Osage member Mollie (Lily Gladstone). While obviously beneficial for Ernest, this relationship insidiously chips away at Mollie and the entire Osage community. 

Dicaprio and De Niro are both excellent in their roles, but Lily Gladstone’s performance truly steals the show. Through her stellar conviction, she captures Mollie’s wide-ranging emotional journey. Mollie’s family disapproves of her union with a white man, while when she marries Ernest, he is dissatisfied with her steadfast commitment to her Osage heritage and her resistance to Western medicine. Mollie’s storyline is heartbreaking, as she is forced to endure her family’s gradual demise at the hands of her husband’s greed. The film is brutal and honest, refusing to ignore the gore and destruction of the tragedy. Sitting at close to three and a half hours, this adaptation provides the relevant background information, surrounding details, and insight into each character to provide a full account of the real tragedy.

Despite its acclaim, the film has faced criticism on multiple fronts. Many have raised concerns about the predominantly white cast and crew involvement in a movie centred on Indigenous suffering. Kanien’keha:ka actress Devery Jacobs expressed her concerns about the film surrounding the white saviour element and the excessive violence, which in her opinion, detracted from the core narrative. Kate Nelson, an Alaska Native Tlingit commentator affiliated with the BBC, conveyed a similar perspective. Nelson said that while Indigenous people can appreciate their stories being told, there is still a strong desire for them to be portrayed from their own perspective. Although Scorsese consulted Osage peoples in making the film, it is still yet another rendition of a white filmmaker telling Indigenous stories. Simultaneously, this adaptation is one of the most influential and widespread attempts to shed light on an Indigenous narrative.

Killers of the Flower Moon serves as a compelling revelation of a shockingly-overlooked chapter in history. However, the film also serves as a poignant reminder that these injustices persist; the crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and two-spirit people in North America underscores a disturbing, settler colonial pattern of disproportionate violence against Indigenous peoples. And, the police often overlook their disappearances. While Scorsese has consistently demonstrated a penchant for bringing true stories to the forefront, his latest film works to spotlight a marginalized community that endured an exceptionally devastating history. The movie uncovers a long-neglected historical atrocity but also stands as a stark reminder of the ongoing settler colonial violence that Indigenous peoples face, urging us to confront these enduring issues.

Horoscopes, Student Life

‘The Tribune’ predicts: Halloween horoscopes

by Maria Gheorghiu on

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The leaves are falling, the sun is setting earlier, and the constellations are forming in eerie ways. The little ghosts floating around your astrological signs are telling you what the stars have in store for you this Halloween. 

Aries (March 21-April 19): Aries, your energy and ability to take everything as a challenge will come in handy this Halloween season. You’d be really good at trick-or-treating—try running around Milton Parc and collecting as much candy as you can. Keep the Swedish Fish for Pisces. 

Taurus (April 20-May 20): For you, Halloween can be a time to seek comfort. Dress up as a set of arms (you figure out what that means) and walk around the Y-intersection giving people hugs. Good for you, good for the world. 

Gemini (May 21-June 20): Sign of the twins: Watch out for your double appearing randomly around you, eerily staring back at you from behind your reflection in the mirror, following you around on campus, hiding under your bed at night. But don’t worry, this should only last for a few hours on Halloween day—consult a medical practitioner if it persists for more than 24. 

Cancer (June 21-July 22): Cozy up with a scary movie, spiderweb cookies, and the strange creature that has inexplicably been following Gemini all day. This Halloween, taking some time to yourself (with a cryptid) is just what you need.  

Leo (July 23-Aug. 22): Luxury and extravagance are in this Halloween. Your costume should stand out from the crowd, both figuratively and literally: Go for something out of the ordinary, but also eye-catching and fun. Don’t worry about the people sitting behind you in Leacock 132––having lights and clumps of feathers sticking out of you isn’t a distraction at all. 

Virgo (Aug. 23-Sept. 22): Your creativity and whimsy are all you need to come up with Halloween costumes for your friends. Here are some suggestions you can bounce off of: Barbie and Ken (fun!); a character from a Pixar movie everyone loves (awww, cute!); Gemini’s likeness (nothing weird about this one!). 

Libra (Sept. 23-Oct. 22): Who cares about Halloween? It’s just a typical Tuesday night for you. Don’t forget you have a big paper due in a few days, and an exam for that bird course you took that might require quite a bit more effort than anticipated. 

Scorpio (Oct. 23-Nov. 21): You love to keep others on their toes with your mysterious and secretive vibes. This Halloween, try dressing up as one of the extras from a show that only aired a handful of episodes a decade ago. Nobody will know what you are (good).  

Sagittarius (Nov. 22-Dec. 21): Sagittarius, you’re always the most loved one at the party, opinionated but kind. This Halloween season, try walking around the room and critiquing everyone’s costumes. Don’t be shy, we all agree that Scorpio’s costume makes no sense. 

Capricorn (Dec. 22-Jan. 19): For you, Halloween should be about coming out of your shell. It’s okay to show some emotions and be a bit silly sometimes. Switch things up for once and impress all your friends by eating the most candy in one go.

Aquarius (Jan. 20-Feb. 18): Master of the liquids, why not give mixology a try? Your weird concoctions aren’t all too odd this weekend. Give your closet kombucha the chance to finally be consumed, instead of just sitting in the dark, under shelves of clothes, for weeks on end.  

Pisces (Feb. 19-March 20): Nobody likes Swedish Fish, but you’re a Pisces, so it’s your duty to take one for the team and eat all of those little chewy, sticky, waxy candies this Halloween. We’re sorry. 

McGill, News

Students decry tuition hikes during SSMU town hall

by Eliza Lee on

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On the evening of Wednesday, Oct. 25, the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) held a town hall to discuss the Quebec government’s proposed tuition increases for out-of-province students. Students and organizers voiced concerns over the policy’s impacts on access to education and quality of learning and discussed ways to mobilize McGill’s population to resist the price spike. 

SSMU aimed to gain insight into students’ opinions on the tuition hikes that they will use to inform how they approach subsequent organizing. SSMU Vice President (VP) External Liam Gaither spoke on the priorities that the student union will have going forward in mobilization, such as focusing on working with other Quebec university student unions, after the event. 

“Our priorities are [to] continue to keep good solidarity with the student unions that are affected by this, to continue to work on building a common student front, because francophone students are heavily mobilized and passionate about accessible education,” Gaither said to The Tribune. “And making sure that our tactics […] whatever we decide to employ as an association,line up with the student membership’s view, as well as [having] some actual feasibility and achievability to them.”

The event drew around 40 students, including certain SSMU executives, and was moderated by Gaither and Alex O’Neill, U2 Arts, an organizer of the Blue Fall Protest on Monday, Oct. 30. The town hall comes after SSMU and the Concordia Student Union (CSU) put out a joint press release on Oct. 19, condemning the proposed increases, citing that they impede the human right of “universally accessible post-secondary education.”

Attendees discussed several issues, including criticism that the policy heightens economic barriers to post-secondary education and will increase student debt. Many students argued that the negative financial impacts of this policy on McGill would degrade the university’s quality of education and could result in the permanent closure of smaller departments. 

“For me, having to pay for higher education is a problem, already. I don’t think people should have to pay to go to university.” Chloé Hugla, U3 Arts, said. “Just increasing tuition is going to hurt people […] that have less money, [not letting] them come to McGill.”

After some attendees highlighted the potential damage to McGill’s prestige, O’Neill reiterated the importance of promoting solidarity and balancing the focus between the policy’s impacts at McGill and beyond it.

“That point of view can lead to something very exclusionary.” O’Neill said during the meeting. “We need to balance those aspects and the greater good for access to education, and access to education from province to province.”

The town hall included a brief presentation on the history of student protests against tuition raises in Quebec by Adam Semergian, a first year Concordia student and communications officer with Coalition de Résistance pour l’Unité Étudiante Syndicale (CRUES). Semergian spoke mainly about the 2012 protests against a proposed university tuition increase under premier Jean Charest. 

Following Semergian’s presentation, Gaither highlighted the red square as a symbol of student mobilization against tuition hikes popularized in 2012. Gaither and O’Neill encouraged attendees to pin the small squares of fabric onto themselves to raise awareness and situate their efforts in a longer history of student resistance against tuition increases in Quebec. 

“This tuition hike is a reminder of [the 2012 protests] in some ways, and we need to pick up where things have been left off and fight for affordable education once again,” Gaither said. 

Vikram Nathan, U3 Science, and president of the McGill Biology Student Union, talked to The Tribune after the town hall and underscored the potential for unity across different backgrounds, disciplines, faculties and schools in opposing the policy. Nathan expressed hope, looking both to the past and the future. 

“I just think it’s up to us to actually take concrete steps, like the Blue Fall protest that’s about to happen, to address this,” Nathan said. “I think, also, it was eye opening to hear about the history of this collective action callback and the fact that this isn’t actually that unprecedented. We can advocate for ourselves and we will do it again.”

Science & Technology, Student Research

Creating more accurate and realistic spine surgery simulation models

by Jinha Suh on

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Before performing procedures, surgeons must receive step-by-step training. The traditional method, “See One, Do One, Teach One,” asks trainees in surgical residency to repeat after their instructors. To gain experience, these trainees often practice their surgical skills on cadavers.

Due to the high cost of cadavers and limited availability of resources, researchers have directed their attention to virtual-reality-based surgical simulations. So far, they have developed different surgical simulator models that imitate various procedures.

However, realistically reproducing human tissues remains challenging. In soft tissues such as muscles and blood vessels, it is crucial to replicate their internal dynamics and physical properties, such as viscoelasticity—the tissues’ ability to remain viscous and elastic.

“In practice, [viscoelasticity] means that when you push or pull on tissue, the force it exerts in response is not only dependent on how far that tissue is pushed or pulled, but also, to an extent, how fast,” Harriet Violet Chorney, a master’s student in McGill’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, wrote in an email to The Tribune.

Although researchers have attempted to recreate viscoelasticity, inherent model uncertainties, resulting from imperfect data predictions, presented another problem. Chorney aims to strike the balance between accurate tissue representation and model uncertainty in spine surgery.

With professors James Forbes and Mark Driscoll from the same department, Chorney recently published a paper in Computers in Biology and Medicine that explores viscoelasticity in minimally invasive (MI) spine interbody-fusion surgery. During this operation, surgeons make small incisions through which they introduce microscopic cameras to access spinal nerves, vertebrae, and discs. 

“[MI spine interbody-fusion surgery] is one of the largest surgeries that is associated with low back pain,” Chorney said in an interview with The Tribune. “When preventative measures no longer work, then surgery is what is implemented.”

Simulators can respond to different forces, such as pressure and vibration. This coordination provides valuable information known as ‘force feedback.’ Based on this feedback, simulators for the access-gaining step of MI spine surgery gain high realism, known as fidelity, to replicate as accurately as possible real-world conditions.

To develop a realistic force feedback model for this first step, Chorney built four mathematical models: Maxwell (MW), Kelvin-Boltzmann (KB), higher-order blackbox (HO), and inverted linear (IL). Because soft tissue behaves dynamically, simulation models must incorporate the dynamic frequency signals observed during the surgery, including those emitted by surgeons.

“It is important to design dynamic tests to inform the dynamic models,” Chorney explained in her email. “[B]ecause the surgeons may be pushing or pulling the tissue at different speeds, which can affect the corresponding force that is experienced, and we want the models we design to reflect that.”

MW and KB stand out in viscoelasticity, whereas HO shows the best error metrics—the lowest magnitude of errors compared to actual values. Conversely, IL represents soft tissues less accurately because it contains a static spring, and the applied force is in the opposite direction of other models.

Using these models, Chorney conducted an in-person study with 45 participants from the healthcare sector. In conditions with and without force feedback, participants would try to puncture a rubber tissue for a short time. Afterward, they answered two questions regarding the forces’ and the tissue’s realism.

“The purpose of my tests was to validate the numerical models that we actually built,” Chorney said. “Even though it was only a two or three minute test, it was to validate how many components you need to capture that accuracy, then the tradeoff with the uncertainty in the models itself.”

Overall, the researchers presented HO as the model with the highest similarity to soft tissues, as indicated by participants and mathematical data. This suggests that a model that better captures dynamic signals created in tissue may also be the most realistic, therefore making it the best to use for training.

“We were trying to develop not only the systems themselves being dynamic because tissue behaves dynamically […] but also a surgeon behaves dynamically, and in my paper, we capture both of those things.”

McGill, Montreal, News

Kanien’kehá:ka Kahnistensera appear in court, discuss disbandment of archaeological panel

by Jasjot Grewal on

More in McGill:

Content Warning: Mentions of assault and genocide

The Kanien’kehá:ka Kahnistensera (Mohawk Mothers) appeared at the Montreal Courthouse for a five-hour case management hearing on Oct. 27. The hearing came as part of the Mothers’ ongoing investigation into McGill’s New Vic Project site—where the Mothers fear that there may be unmarked Indigenous graves—alongside McGill, the Société québécoise des infrastructures (SQI), the Royal Victoria Hospital (RVH), the City of Montreal, and the Attorney General of Canada. 

The Mothers gave the first statement before Justice Gregory Moore. Beginning with Mohawk Mother Kwetiio, the Mothers urged the court to enforce the settlement agreement, which, in Kwetiio’s interpretation, states that all parties are bound to the recommendations of the court-appointed expert archaeological panel. Kwetiio further alleged that McGill had sent contracts to the three members of the panel—which disbanded on Aug. 3—with three-month termination dates. The Mothers were not informed of these contracts until they had already been signed and were irreversible. 

Kwetiio argued that Ethnoscop—the archaeological firm hired for the investigation—did not use appropriate methods to protect the forensic chain of custody of any potential evidence, as they were touching evidence with their bare hands and not using tamper-proof bags. She also stated that the defendants were strategically choosing which information they would share with the Mothers in order to continue the investigation without delays.  

“There’s been a lot of cherry-picking of what [the defendants] are going to use to help themselves to further their construction, and not the investigation,” Kwetiio said in a press conference after the hearing. 

The court then heard from Mohawk Mother Kahentinetha, who shared that potential anomalies were excavated on the site in rapid time which did not allow for proper significance and care to be given to each anomaly. She said that on one day, nine anomalies were excavated with a mere 45 minutes allotted to each anomaly. Kahentinetha claimed that the soil was not sifted properly, and any bone fragments found were immediately deemed to be of animal origin. 

In a written statement to The Tribune, the SQI asserted that all excavation is being carried out in accordance with proper archaeological regulations by expert firms, with proper methods used to ensure soil is not mixed or contaminated.  

Kahentinetha also shared that after facing verbal assault from SQI security guards on July 25, the Mothers had asked to be accompanied by Indigenous security personnel from T.D. Security while onsite. However, it took three weeks before the defendants complied with this request. 

Kwetiio continued, asserting that the Mothers deserve to be treated with respect on the site and should not be subjected to “uncontrollable anger” from the defendants when they ask questions. She ended the Mothers’ statement by contending that the defendants had breached every part of the settlement agreement. 

The court took a fifteen-minute break, after which Julian Falconer—the lawyer for the Office of the Independent Special Interlocutor, Kimberly Murray—gave his statement, alleging that the defendants were being denialistic. He stated that the Mothers already had an insurmountable burden placed on them throughout this case, and this burden had “quadrupled” the day the panel was disbanded. He condemned the disbandment of the panel and alleged that McGill and the SQI had replaced the panel with their own archaeological experts so that they could inform the public that they were relying on the advice of experts. 

“Today was about bringing back the experts that know how to do this work, to find unmarked burials,” Murray said in a press conference after the hearing. “We have a lot of companies that can do scans. We don’t have a lot of people that have expertise in analyzing the data.” 

Later, the court heard from the SQI. Their statement was delivered in French and translated for the Mothers by anthropologist and associate of the Mothers Philippe Blouin. Members of Take Back Tekanontak—an advocacy group in support of the Mohawk Mothers—were stationed outside of the courthouse after the hearing to show solidarity. In an interview with The Tribune, an organizer of Take Back Tekanontak, Diane, who chose not to give her last name, shared her belief that the lack of a court-provided English translation of the SQI’s statement for the Mothers was appalling and oppressively exclusionary. 

“The Kanien’kehá:ka Kahnistensera come to court, and they speak Kanyen’kéha, their own language, and their colonial language is English,” Diane said. “It’s not okay to ask them to learn French as a second colonial language, and yet there is no translation provided for them. I cannot believe my eyes.” 

McGill’s lawyer, Doug Mitchell, provided the next statement before Justice Moore. He stated that the university believes that it has abided by the settlement agreement wholly and respectfully, arguing the occasional disagreements between parties are not an indication that the agreement is being violated. He asserted that the defendants are bound by the recommendations of techniques by the panel, not to anything else. 

Mitchell additionally claimed that Falconer had “theatricized” his speech to the court so that Justice Moore would rule in the favor of the Mothers.  He stated that the Mothers needed to take the emotion out of the investigation, alleging that the Mothers and Murray only wanted to enforce their interpretation of the contract and were not suffering any irreparable harm by the way McGill was carrying out the investigation. 

Falconer responded to Mitchell’s statement, saying that Mitchell should apologize for asking the Mothers to be less emotional about the investigation. He also argued that all parties should acknowledge that the panel’s recommendations have not been followed, as the panel itself believes its suggestions have not been entirely executed.  

“It is absolutely essential that McGill, the Quebec government, [and the] SQI come to their senses and understand that it is very short-sighted to essentially terminate a panel they agreed to be bound by in order a further a development,” Falconer said in a press conference after the hearing. “I promise you, whatever few dollars [the defendants] make on their development, the [societal cost] and the [further erosion] of trust is absolutely innumerable in terms of the size of the expense.”

Kwetiio also replied to Mitchell’s statement, stating that Mitchell’s words were “deeply offensive,” and reiterating the fact that all parties would not be back in court if the recommendations of the panel had been respected. 

“I think it was pretty disgusting that the defendant said ‘Oh, there’s no irreparable harm done here.’ […] There’s never a situation where any one of us is going to bargain without children of the past, present, and future,” Kwetiio said in response to Mitchell’s comment in a press conference after the hearing. 

Justice Moore adjourned court with no decision made, explaining that he would need some time to review all submissions and testimonies. McGill media relations officer Frédérique Mazerolle told The Tribune in an email that McGill will provide a comment on the hearing once Justice Moore makes a decision. A tentative subsequent court date is set for Dec. 1, during which all parties will discuss the issue of archives and records related to the investigation. 

“We demand that we have a proper best practice investigation for our children and for those that were disrespected on that site,” Kwetiio said. “I think our children are looking for us to find them, and this is what’s important, and I’m so glad that all these people are here today in support.”

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