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News, PGSS

PGSS to join the Coalition Régionale de Montréal

On Oct. 18, the Post-Graduate Students’ Society (PGSS) Council met for the fourth time this semester, where they voted to join the Coalition Régionale de Montréal (CREM), a student advocacy group with more than 260,000 student members from universities across Montreal. The new Chief Returning Officer (CRO) for the Secretary-General by-elections Andréanne St-Gelais also detailed the steps of the electoral process, and Equity Commissioner Emil Briones reported on PGSS’s involvement in actions against sexual violence. Other notable announcements included Lorna MacEachern’s presentation on the myPath Individual Development Plan, Patrick Visintini’s discussion of the Legal Information Clinic’s services, and Krista Houser’s introduction to the McGill Office of Sustainability.  

Legislative Council votes to join the Coalition régionale étudiante de Montréal

External Affairs Officer Hocine Slimani put forth a motion for PGSS to join CREM. The nonprofit was formed in 2017 at the beginning of the municipal electoral campaign, and aims to support student needs at the metropolitan level by bringing their demands to the attention of political parties and candidates in the upcoming municipal election.

“The PGSS would like to formally assist and participate in [CREM’s] meetings,” Slimani said. “The executive committee already referred it, so they’re inclined to go for it.”

The majority of CREM’s demands focus on Montreal’s public transport system, with five of eight of their goals relating to the expansion of the public transit system and student discounts. The group also strives to raise awareness of students’ struggles to find affordable housing and of the lack of youth representation in the city’s governing bodies.

The motion to join CREM passed with one vote against and four abstentions.

By-election for Secretary-General announcement

Following former PGSS secretary-general Jacob Lavigne’s resignation on Oct. 2, CRO St-Gelais announced the details of the upcoming by-election for his replacement.

The call for candidate nominations is open until Oct. 27, with nomination forms available on the PGSS website. The mandatory candidates’ meeting will take place on Oct. 26 at 6 p.m. at Thomson House, and the CRO will release the meeting’s location via email prior to it.

“We’re waiting to see if there’s going to be people interested who nominate themselves,” St-Gelais said. “[At the] information session for candidates, […] we’ll know how many people are interested.”

Campaigning will take place from Oct. 28 to Nov. 4, culminating in elections from Nov. 5 to 11. The new Secretary-General’s term will begin on Nov. 12.

Equity Commissioner reports on McGill’s Policy against Sexual Violence

Equity Commissioner Emil Briones updated council on PGSS’s current research into sexual violence on campus. Briones gave notice of the appointment of Sara Mahboob (LLM ‘08), a doctoral candidate at McGill’s Faculty of Law, to the Ad-Hoc panel to conduct a campus study of sexual violence. Following concerns that Briones’ seat on the panel constituted a conflict of interest, Mahboob was nominated to take his place as an observer of the panel’s activities.

“There was a concern brought up two council meetings ago that I sat on the […] panel […] and that the chair of that committee [Dr. Shaheen Shariff] is one of my graduate supervisors,” Briones said. “I found someone who had the time to sit on that committee as a delegate instead of myself [….] Her scholarship very much speaks to the context of this work so that’s pretty exciting.”

The Equity Commissioner asked that PGSS Council attendees fill out Dr. Shaheen Shariff’s survey on student experiences with sexual violences and with McGill’s Policy against Sexual Violence. The data coming out of the resource project will serve to inform the development of PGSS’s sexual violence policy.

Briones and Member Services Officer JennyAnn Pura have also secured an observer seat for PGSS on the implementation committee of the sexual violence policy. As an aside, Briones also expressed his support for all those triggered by the current social media activity around sexual violence and harassment, such as the #MeToo movement and references to sexual violence stemming from the Harvey Weinstein scandal. He reminded students that the McGill campus has resources for them and that part of his role as Equity Commissioner is to help direct those in need to these services.

If you know anyone who is emotionally triggered or going through a hard time there are resources on campus here for that,” Briones said. “I certainly can be supportive in that way. If there are students coming to you with these kinds of concerns please know that my […] door is never closed to people.”

Student Life

How to keep houseplants alive during the busiest time of the year

It’s easy to forget about houseplants amid midterms, essays, and deadlines. On Oct. 19, the Concordia Greenhouse, in partnership with permaculture specialist Jonah Neumark, hosted a Houseplant Care 101 workshop to guide attendees through the basics of keeping houseplants alive and well. Neumark heads Neumark Design, a permaculture design and implementation company based in Montreal, and runs a plant nursery. The session covered how to provide proper lighting, water, soil, and fertilizers for plants, as well as combatting pests and diseases. Afterward, The McGill Tribune spoke with Neumark about the ins and outs of houseplant care and how to keep them healthy and happy, all while managing a busy student schedule.

 

The McGill Tribune (MT): Do you have any tips for first-time gardeners?

Jonah Neumark (JN): Follow a few basic rules. Water properly, give [houseplants] the proper lighting conditions, repot the plant[s], and keep them in good quality, aerated soil [….] Do basic research on the type of plant you have, the soil and light needs. [Consider] if it needs very arid conditions or wet conditions. [Is it] a tropical plant that needs to stay indoors, or is it a harsh plant that needs a cold dormancy?

 

MT: Many students are busy and don’t have time to care for their houseplants. What type of plant requires the least amount of care?

JN: Succulents and cacti for sure are very, very low maintenance. They’re very tolerant of dry conditions. You want to let the soil dry out almost completely. That is the one that requires the least amount of water. And it grows slowly, so you are repotting less often. Non-cacti that I recommend that are similar to cacti, in terms of aesthetic and type of plant, [are] the oxalis. It has a triangular red leaf and flowers beautifully. Honestly, I’ve had one since I was young in my parents’ house, and it must have gotten wilted to the point where all the leaves dried and died and had not been repotted in many years, but it still survived and flowered.

 

MT: What’s the difference between annual and perennial plants?

JN: An annual is a plant that only survives for one year, whereas a perennial survives for multiple years. You also have biannual plants which survive for two years and tri-annual plants which survive for three years.

 

MT: Are there good reasons to buy an annual even if it’s likely going to die?

JN: Many vegetables are annuals. They’re useful, productive plants, but that’s it. I find way too many people plant annual flowers [….] People often plant things like impatiens around the borders of their garden. They’re really pretty, but there are many perennials that are [just] as pretty. I think [people buy annuals more] because of landscaping and plant nursery industries [promoting them] in order to have resales.

 

MT: What are the best practices for watering houseplants?

JN: Pour in [more than just] a little bit of water. Take them to the bathtub or outside or put a tray underneath to catch the water, and saturate them fully with up to four waterings, flushing them each time so that the water comes out the bottom. The idea is that every time you water, you want to make sure the entire volume of soil is fully saturated. Water once, wait five or 10 minutes, and water it again [up to four times].

 

MT: No one like bugs in their apartment. Can pests be an issue for houseplants?

JN: There are diseases [that can affect them]. There are fungal diseases, and then there are things like mildew and rust. Then there’s pests. For mildew, you would use baking soda or sulfur [to get rid of it]. For most common insects, [such as] whitefly, aphids, mealybugs, insecticidal soap takes care of it.

Baseball, Sports

2017 World Series preview

 

LA Dodgers
 

 

 

Houston Astros
 

 

 

The final matchup felt inevitable as the season chugged along. Tonight, Oct. 24, a pair of 100-game winners will face off in the World Series for the first time since 1970 as two of the best teams in baseball take centre stage—the National League champions Los Angeles Dodgers against the American League champions Houston Astros.

 

Los Angeles Dodgers

Strengths: Depth, depth, and more depth

Weaknesses: Regular season inconsistency

At one point this season, the Dodgers looked unstoppable. In the best 50 game stretch since 1912, spanning from June until August, the Dodgers won 43 games and lost just seven times. At another point, they looked quite the opposite, during a stretch in which they lost 11 in a row and 16 out of 17. The good news for L.A. baseball fans is that right now the 7-1 postseason juggernaut looks a lot more like the former stretch than the latter.

On the surface, the team’s success might be attributed to its massive payroll. However, this notion is false. Many of the team’s stars are homegrown talents or prospects acquired in trades for former Dodgers stars like Dee Gordon. The team is spending over one third of its payroll on players who no longer wear the Dodgers uniform.

Only a team with immense depth could overcome such a financial burden. Luckily, depth is the Dodgers’ calling card, especially in the starting rotation. Led by Clayton Kershaw, the rotation goes four deep, while its fifth option, Kenta Maeda, has joined forces with a dynamite bullpen to lock things down in the postseason.

The offence hopes to get star shortstop Corey Seager back from injury, but in his absence they’ve more than managed. The Dodgers scored 28 runs over the five NLCS games, thanks to key contributions from outfielders Chris Taylor and Yasiel Puig, and third baseman Justin Turner. The man at the hot corner is near the greatest all-time in postseason history among players with at least 100 plate appearances. His career playoff on-base percentage of 0.481 places him second in MLB history—between Hall-of-Famers Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth. Now, that’s good company.

 

Houston Astros

Strengths: Explosive offense, middle infield, Justin Verlander

Weaknesses: Middle relief

The Astros were Sports Illustrated’s pick to win the 2017 World Series—three years ago. Houston is finally in the Fall Classic after a methodical tank and rebuild that saw the team lose 416 games over four seasons from 2011 to 2014.

Second baseman Jose Altuve and shortstop Carlos Correa lead the way for the deep Astros offence: The former is a leading American League MVP candidate after a fantastic all-around campaign, while the latter hit 0.315 on his way to solidifying his place among the game’s best shortstops.

On the pitching side, Justin Verlander carried Houston on his back through two dominant ALCS starts. Meanwhile, lefty Dallas Keuchel co-stars to give the Astros a dominant one-two punch. Beyond those two, it’s going to be a matter of mix-and-match for manager A.J. Hinch.

The Astros will take an all-hands-on-deck approach with its bullpen, much like in the decisive ALCS Game 7, where every pitcher on the roster was ready to be called upon. Lance McCullers, Jr.—typically a starting pitcher—threw his devastating curveball 24 times in a row to close out Game 7 against the Yankees. The middle relief has struggled for the Astros of late, but if McCullers, Brad Peacock, and Ken Giles can step it up and lead the way behind the starting corps, the Astros will be in great shape to compete with the National League’s best team. The Astros were tremendous all year, and they’ve earned their spotlight in the Fall Classic.

 

Prediction: Dodgers in 7

The Dodgers look positioned to keep on rolling through to the end of October, as their depth will finally overpower Houston in a fantastic series. When all is said and done, Clayton Kershaw and company will raise the World Series trophy for the Los Angeles crew.

Arts & Entertainment, Film and TV

The Tribune team takes on Montreal’s Festival du Nouveau Cinéma

This past October marked the 46th iteration of Montreal’s annual Festival du Nouveau Cinéma (FNC). Decades into its existence, the festival is continuing to grow; this year, FNC managed to secure the premiere of big name films, most notably Blade Runner 2049. The McGill Tribune looks at what succeeded, and what fell short.

'Call Me By Your Name'

Call Me By Your Name is a gay coming-of-age story, the aura of which I can compare only to some pleasant summer memory. Elio (Timothée Chalamet) is the precocious son of an academic (Michael Stuhlbarg) living in a small town villa in 1980s Italy. Oliver (Armie Hammer), an American grad student, moves in to study with the professor. Elio and Oliver’s first meetings are awkward as their respective Italian and American sensibilities clearly clash. Soon, however, a passionate relationship blossoms between them.

Luca Guadagi’s (A Bigger Splash) masterful direction depicts their lovely life in rural Italy, conveying bottomless nostalgia without being overbearing. This can also be credited to James Ivory’s screenplay.

Chalamet astounds, projecting equal parts naivety and intellectual fortitude, and Stuhlbarg’s singularly tender speech to Elio near the film’s closing is a highlight. Hammer, however, is the real star here; his presence is overwhelming from the moment he meets the family.

The film manages to eschew most clichés that plague queer cinema: There is no enemy, and no one is trying to pry the two apart. Instead, we get the sense that Elio and Oliver possess absolute freedom. They can wake up and decide to bike through the countryside, or swim in scenic rivers.

Not much happens in a larger, conflict-oriented sense—a fact reflected in Guadagni’s relatively static camera. What the camera chooses to highlight with its singular grace is Elio’s self-discovery, an arch so potent and affecting that a wave of disappointment crashes upon us as the lights turn on and we realize our time with these characters has come to an end, like the most beguiling of dreams.

 

 

'The Killing of a Sacred Deer'

The Killing of a Sacred Deer opens with Schubert’s grandiose Stabat Mater, and an extreme close-up of a human heart mid-operation, followed by a conversation about wristwatch straps. Within minutes, director Yorgos Lanthimos sets the tone for the film: Darkly eccentric, fearlessly macabre, and meticulously choreographed. However, underneath its spectacle, and despite some incredible performances, The Killing of a Sacred Deer falls short in depth and emotional resonance.

Colin Farrell plays a successful cardiologist, husband to his wife of 16 years (Nicole Kidman), and father of two children (Raffey Cassidy and Sunny Suljic). His seemingly-idyllic life is torn to shreds with the arrival of oddball teenager Martin (Barry Keoghan), and he is forced to make a choice with life-or-death consequences.

The Killing of a Sacred Deer is stunning and brutal—a masterclass in arthouse filmmaking, but its cold-heartedness and maddening horror make it truly difficult to sit through. The deadpan distance between the characters, while clearly intentional, leaves viewers floundering in an emotional void, offering no window for investment. When The Killing of a Sacred Deer reaches its fierce final act, there is little to do but watch the horrific action play out with the same cool indifference as its characters, a frustrating and hollow payoff after being trapped in a two-hour nightmare.

 

 

'The Square'

I’m not being facetious when I say that the most impressive thing about The Square is that writer-director Ruben Östlund (Force Majeure) managed to stretch its stale premise out over an interminable two-and-a-half hours.

Claes Bang stars as Christian, a cosmopolitan curator at a contemporary museum in Stockholm. In an attempt to revive his museum’s waning attendance, Christian acquires a new exhibit called “The Square”. At a staff meeting, however, he is told by two press relations people—the kind of guys who would describe themselves as “influencers”—that market research indicates a ridiculous advertisement campaign is needed in order to turn a profit. It’s at around this point that the film begins to cave in. Beautiful cinematography and an exhilarating set piece aren’t enough to distract from the picture’s most apparent issue: A lack of subtlety.

Whether it’s the lampooning of the commoditization of art, the homeless people resting on the museum’s steps, the janitor who accidentally cleans up an experimental piece of art featuring dirt, or—I kid you not—the bonobo who can draw, we are spoon-fed with such frequency that the satire loses its sharpness. By the end of act one it is apparent that the film has beef with the elitist contemporary art scene. Östlund continues to belabour this point until the film moves from thought-provoking to thought-domineering. The film ends up resembling one of the pretentious, overwrought, and clumsy pieces that Christian would install at his museum—the kind of piece that Östlund would sneer at.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKDPrpJEGBY

 

'Wonderstruck'

Please ignore the trailer that pops up when searching “Wonderstruck trailer” on YouTube. Todd Haynes’ newest feature has so much more to offer than its protagonists turning corners and children’s choruses singing David Bowie songs. Where the trailer promises a children’s movie—and a clichéd one at that—Haynes delivers a brilliantly nuanced film about childhood.

Adapted from Brian Selznick’s graphic novel of the same name, Wonderstruck juxtaposes the temporally distinct experiences of two runaway deaf children in New York City. The first, starring Oakes Fegley (Pete’s Dragon), moves from an incandescent, Stranger Things-esque ‘70s Minnesota home setting, to the ever-loving sunbaked streets of Harlem, New York. Complimenting these sensuous flashes of colour is a black-and-white take on the Big Apple of the ‘20s, starring formerly-unknown deaf actress Millicent Simmonds. Flighty, effervescent, and whimsical, this twin tale takes its cues from Charlie Chaplin-era silent film.

Intimately tied together from the start with an inventive use of cross-cuts, the two stories share much more than their characters’ disability. Lost in societies not built to accommodate their needs, Haynes’ two protagonists’ experiences of marginality fit well within the larger agenda of his filmography. Wonderstruck, though not a “children’s movie” per se, prizes a childlike innocence and honesty above all else. Powerful without being overbearing, Haynes’ latest is rousing, empathetic cinema at its finest.

 

 

 

 

Montreal, News

Panel discusses possibilities of a universal livable income

“The End of Poverty” panel, hosted at Thomson House on Oct. 17, examined the possibility of implementing a universal livable income policy in Canada through an anti-racist, feminist lens. With a livable income policy, the federal government would provide residents with enough money to cover their essential needs. Panelists discussed how to design such a policy to best address the needs of immigrants, women, and people of colour.

The Asian Women for Equality Society (AWCEP) hosted the panel, which was moderated by  Yelp Senior Community and Marketing Director Risa Dickens. AWCEP member and event co-coordinator Sarah Mah, University of Manitoba Community Health Sciences Professor Evelyn Forget, and Senator Kim Pate also sat on the panel.

According to the panelists, a truly inclusive policy would be publicly funded and universally accessible to all people living in the country regardless of their migratory status or the ways they plan to spend the money. Mah additionally called for the policy to address the challenges that women, in particular, face.

“We know that fighting male violence and promoting equality and creating alternatives to harmful industries such as prostitution must [impact] women’s economic insecurity in some way,” Mah said. “Canada is a wealthy country committed to human rights and equality and we have an obligation to offer women viable alternatives so that violence is not something we have to endure.”

Forget then presented a portion of her research on a livable income experiment in Dauphin, a small city in Manitoba. From 1974 through 1978, a mixture of federal and provincial funds went to providing a guaranteed stipend amount based on family size and salary to the 30 per cent of Dauphin’s population with the lowest income.

The results of the experiment suggested that the policy alleviated poverty. Forget found that over the four years, hospital visits in Dauphin declined by 8.5 per cent because residents had the necessary resources to sustain their mental and physical health. Forget also suggested that the additional funds may have eased families’ need to rely on their older children for support, enabling many of the children to complete high school degrees. According to the panel, a similar policy on the national scale—whether funded by a carbon tax, a tax on cannabis, or a more progressive tax system—might produce similar results.

“Kids in this little town in the middle of the prairie are all of a sudden staying in school a little longer [as the result of a universal livable income],” Forget said. “People’s lives are being transformed by that decision.”

The panel also invited community leaders to express their hopes and concerns about a basic income policy, including representatives from Movement Against Rape and Incest and Consultation of the struggles against sexual exploitation. Cherry Smiley, a member of Indigenous Women Against the Sex Industry, addressed the relationship between Canada’s colonial history and its economic wealth.

“Canada’s wealth comes off our backs as indigenous peoples and particularly indigenous women, literally over our dead bodies,” Smiley said. “How can a guaranteed livable income be part of a decolonizing project?”

Although several panelists qualified that a universal livable income would not provide sufficient reparation in and of itself, they agreed that it might play some role in Canada’s process of reconciliation with indigenous peoples.

“Think of all the public struggles being led by indigenous women, missing and murdered indigenous women, over-incarceration, the Cindy Blackstock challenges,” Pate said. “At the core of this is a status of unequal distribution of resources after they’ve already been stolen. One of the strategies of decolonization would be to insist that those resources be made available in addition to acknowledgment and breathing life into treaty responsibilities.”

The panelists concluded that any lobbying for a livable income policy must focus on the concerns of the people it is supposed to support.

“If you are a woman, if you are racialized, or if you come from a working class background, I hope you leave this forum with the confidence that our perspectives are central to making any livable income policy work for us,” Mah said. “It’s worth fighting for.”

 
Student Life

Taco Tuesday: The origins of the bite-sized dish and where you can get it

On Oct. 4, foodies around the world celebrated National Taco Day. The Mexican dish is undoubtedly popular, but with one look at Montreal, this might not seem so. While tacos are available across the city, this is worth a second look. As a bite-sized, nutrient-rich dish, tacos are easily a student’s best friend.

Where does the taco come from?

Although tacos might be well-known in North America today, their origins remain ambiguous. Jeffrey M. Pilcher, author of Planet Taco: A Global History of Mexican Food, traces the origin of the taco back to 16th century Mexico, when silver miners called the paper that they wrapped around dynamites “tacos.”

Beyond its linguistic history, it’s hard to trace the dish's lineage. Indigenous communities in Mexico developed the first taco, but the ruling elite saw the meal as lower-class cuisine, and put little time or resources into recording it. A cookbook from 1831, El Cocinero Mexicano makes note of a possible ancestor of the taco: The envuelto, a taco mixed with an enchilada. It was only in the late 1800s that the taco’s popularity began to boom.

In 1895, the Dictionary of Americanisms added the word “taco” to its vocabulary. Ten years later, the taco truly entered American culture as Mexican migrants came to work in mines and on railroads in California. Yet again, upper class America viewed the dish—alongside other Mexican foods—as lower-class “street food.”  It wasn’t until after World War II, when the children of these Mexican migrants disseminated into American culture, that the taco was more widely accepted by the general public in the United States.

Eventually, in the early 1960s, restaurateur Glen Bell—who originally sold hamburgers and hot dogs—appropriated the taco and franchised it. This version of Mexican cuisine—adapted for American fast-food culture—was met with great success across the U.S., creating the restaurant we now know as Taco Bell. Today, Taco Bell is a mainstream success in both the United States and Canada, operating in almost every Canadian province as a fast food favourite among millennials.

Where can I get tacos near me?

Unfortunately for McGill students, there are only two Taco Bell restaurants on the Island of Montreal. Located in the cities of Saint-Laurent and Pierrefonds—at least an hour from McGill’s downtown campus by transit—they aren’t terribly accessible. Fret not, however: There are still many options for tacos in Milton-Parc and beyond.

If you’re looking to spend the remnants of your meal plan, Quesada in the Bronfman building is the best option. Though its location is convenient for a bite between classes, the lunch hour attracts long lines of students. Royal Victoria College’s cafeteria also hosts Taco Tuesday from 5 to 8 p.m. once every few weeks. At $3 per taco, students can fill up with as much beef or vegetarian filling as they can squeeze into the shells.

If venturing off-campus, Lola Rosa is a favourite restaurant among vegetarians and non-vegetarians alike. Located a block from the Milton Gates, this cozy getup sells tacos made with meat-free fillings like teriyaki seitan, coriander, cashews, cucumbers, carrots, and daikon. Be warned though, Lola Rosa’s lines can get long. The tacos are worth waiting for, but be sure to call ahead or make a reservation.

T & T Tacos at the corner of Rachel and Clark streets sells a choice of three of their seven varieties, ranging from pork to steak, fish, and veggie tacos for only $9 on Tuesdays. On any other day, however, Taqueria Arturo, located on Prince Arthur and St-Dominique streets, offers a wide variety of options—from classic fish to peking duck tacos. Their limitless options come with the caveat of steep prices, but for students looking to shell out a little cash to enjoy tacos with some friends, Taqueria Arturo is worth considering.

Though Montreal’s taco scene might be small in comparison to other cities’, the classic Mexican dish never seems to disappoint. To quote the wise words of Taco Bell, “Don’t look for love. Look for tacos.”

  1.  

    A cookbook, El Cocinero Mexicano makes note of a possible ancestor of the taco—the envuelto, a taco mixed with an enchilada

  2.  

    The Dictionary of Americanisms added the word “taco” to its vocabulary

  3.  

    Mexican migrants came to work in mines and on railroads in California, bringing the taco with them

  4.  

    Post WWII, the general public in the U.S. started to accept the Mexican dish

  5.  

    Glen Bell opens the first Taco Bell in Downey, California

  6.  

    Tacos are widely loved by everyone and are a favourite among millennials

Science & Technology

Designer babies in the age of CRISPR

A powerful gene-editing tool, known as CRISPR, has been developing, promising new approaches to treating various illnesses and even modification of children by their parents. Yet, it seems society still hasn’t addressed fears about the possible misuse of such technology—technology that research labs around the world have already started using. 

CRISPR functions by altering damaging sequences in a gene. Recently, researchers learned to adapt this mechanism to more complex cells, allowing CRISPR to remove faulty copies of a gene and, given the right template, to replace it with a new one.

Drew Hendricks, a U3 anatomy and cell biology  student at McGill, works as a research assistant in the Biological and Active Materials Lab, headed by Assistant Professor in McGill’s Department of Biochemistry Allen Ehrlicher. Hendricks explained the benefits of CRISPR technology.

“Say there’s a cancer-causing mutation [in a given gene],” Hendricks said. “I can program CRISPR to go find it and cut it out. I’m using CRISPR to float in a template [to] find the gap that those cuts made, and […] replace the gap with that template.”

Beyond the treatment possibilities of gene modification, there’s a larger, ethical issue at stake: Genetic modification of children by parents. CRISPR could potentially allow parents to choose traits in their future offspring, such as hair and eye colour. With the advancement of CRISPR, the idea and associated risks of ‘enhancing’ humans looms in the minds of scientists and citizens alike. The National Institute of Health (NIH) released a statement in 2015 about this issue.

“[The] NIH will not fund any use of gene-editing technologies in human embryos,” its website reads. “The concept of altering the human germline in embryos for clinical purposes has been debated over many years from many different perspectives, and has been viewed almost universally as a line that should not be crossed.”

Yet, CRISPR remains a powerful tool, and the NIH continues to fund research that uses CRISPR for other research purposes, such as correcting mutations in adult stem cells. But replacing one gene in the human genome is a drop in a bucket, and CRISPR often still produces off-target effects. The human genome comprises around 20,000 genes, and the templates used are often small, targeting just a small part of a particular gene, meaning the code in the template can be sent to another address in the genome than what was intended.  For now this presents a major obstacle to the development of commercial technologies. Moreover, the kinds of broad traits that might be changed in designer babies are genetically very different from curing diseases that are caused by a single gene mutation.

Thomas Durcan, assistant professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery at McGill and member of the Centre for Neurodegenerative disease group at the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), pointed out the important distinction between curing specific diseases and predetermining someone’s sex, eye colour, athleticism, or intelligence.  He explained that from a clinical point of view, CRISPR requires many more years of development before it can be used as a therapy—even for diseases affected in only one gene—while features like height or intelligence are far more complex.

“To design a baby, fixing multiple traits at the same time, that’s probably much further down the line, if at all,” Durcan said. “CRISPR might even become obsolete in 10 years.”

Ultimately, it’s easy to come up with reasons why scientific advancements could cause damage along with benefits. CRISPR represents a totally new paradigm in biomedical science, and though fears of designer babies may be overblown, the time to start asking broad ethical questions about how this technology will be used is now.

Behind the Bench, Sports

Behind the Bench: Mr. President, it’s time to take a knee

On Sept. 12, Donald Trump spoke out against NFL players who took a stand against police brutality during the pre-game rendition of “The Star Spangled Banner.”

“Wouldn’t you love to see one of these NFL owners, when somebody disrespects our flag, to say ‘Get that son of a bitch off the field right now’,” Trump said. “Out! He’s fired! He’s fired!”

Players are often reminded that their job remains on the field, the ice, or the court—not commenting on social issues. Truthfully though, athletes can and should create real change by standing up—or in this case, kneeling—for what they believe in. Since Trump’s comments, major-leaguers have done just that, embracing their platform for protest. Athletes have knelt, locked arms, and openly spoken out against racial injustice. The mass coverage and general support these protests have garnered is telling of the capacity that athletes have to inspire change.

With such a huge platform, and such a diverse audience, professional athletes shouldn't be criticized for stating their opinions. Athletes have an unusual ability to resonate with many different audiences because of their broad viewer and listener base. Be it LeBron James’ statements, Denasia Lawrence’s national anthem, or the cover of TIME magazine, it’s hard to ignore the reach of these movements.

The debate over whether athletes should stick to sports is not new. Decades ago, Muhammad Ali, Jesse Owens, and Tommie Smith preceded the likes of Eric Reid and Bruce Maxwell in fighting against racial inequality through sport. Maxwell, the first MLB player to kneel and whose father served 30 years in the army, has publicly proclaimed his love for his country, reminding audiences that this protest isn’t against the United States or its military. Indeed, football players began locking arms and taking a knee in contempt of realities in today’s America—of Ferguson, of Baltimore, of every cop shooting, and of over 200 years of systemic oppression. And it’s working: If nothing else, these protests have ignited a conversation. In a new age of media and information, this is often how change takes place.

The two arenas of sports and politics have always been intertwined, but have become nearly inseparable in recent years, due in large part to the rise of social media. The connection is impossible to ignore: Athletes are in the public eye, acting as role models to many. Especially in the NFL, where 70 per cent of players identify as African-American, issues of racial inequality are more personal. This is their reality, and it doesn’t belong to their critics. In a way, these athletes are public representatives, using their platforms to speak up for those who didn’t get the same break, and rarely have champions to vouch for their interests.

Players have shown—particularly in the past month—that they deserve a voice, and that their opinions matter. It is unconstitutional to try to silence them under the pretense that social issues are not their business. When NFL players are told to stick to sports, just as commentators told the Dixie Chicks to “shut up and sing,” it silences a group of minds and goes against the principles of free speech.

Thirteen months ago, Colin Kaepernick said that he wouldn’t “stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people,” but only now has his sentiment truly picked up steam. Sometimes, the only way to get attention is through controversy. One way to inspire change is to anger the right people. Athletes currently have the best platform to do so.

If Donald Trump thinks that he can divide the NFL, he’s wrong. And if supporting what you believe in makes you unpatriotic and disrespectful, then Baltimore Ravens linebacker Terrell Suggs has it right: “I guess we’re all sons of bitches.”

McGill, Montreal, News

RAMQ legislation forces McGill to largely discontinue vaccine distribution

On Jan. 26, Quebec banned fees for medical services covered by the Régie de l'Assurance Maladie du Québec (RAMQ), the province’s public health insurance board. McGill’s Student Health Services (SHS) previously only charged students the cost of supplying vaccines, without making a profit. Since the ban prohibits charging fees, SHS has stopped selling certain vaccines because they are unable to cover their costs. Flu shots, HPV vaccines, meningitis vaccines, and hepatitis A and B vaccines have all been discontinued for the most part, although certain students are still eligible to receive them based on their age, sexual history, or drug usage. SHS will also continue to assist students in obtaining and administering vaccines through pharmacies, provide free flu vaccines to students enrolled in health professional faculties, and will sell travel vaccines, which are not covered by RAMQ.

Critics say the new legislation has effectively ended a ‘two-tiered’ healthcare system, where patients can choose between receiving free, government-provided treatment or paying for quicker private treatment. McGill has made headway in its efforts to lobby against the ban, and members of SHS have faulted it for posing an unnecessary challenge for students unfamiliar with Quebec healthcare services. In an email to The McGill Tribune, Student Services Senior Communications Officer Lisa Dutton explained that the Ministry of Health and Social Services has taken McGill’s concerns into account.

“The government has acknowledged that the legislation is too restrictive and they are in the process of revising the rules,” Dutton wrote. “Students will be informed if the law is modified and when Student Health Services can resume providing these vaccines to the entire student body.”

Prior to the legislation, free vaccinations were only offered by hospitals in Quebec, but individuals on the vaccination schedule can now receive free vaccinations anywhere they are administered. However, those who do not fall in the recommended vaccination windows may have difficulty getting vaccines; they are ineligible for free vaccines, and healthcare services such as SHS are now unable to sell to them. Hashana Perera, director of SHS, is not in favour of the legislation.

“I believe the legislation was passed without consideration of all clinical contexts,” Perera said. “In our context, it actually created extra hurdles for students. Students already have a lot on their plates, and creating more steps to obtain medical care may result in them not getting this care. It is as frustrating for students as it is for nurses and physicians who want them to have access to these preventative health measures.”

Perera is hopeful for adjustments to the legislation. Subsidizing the cost of vaccine administration for private practices ensures that doctors can afford to continue to provide vaccines for free.

“We hope to be able to resume our previous vaccination activities in the near future,” Perera said.

The policy aimed to encourage low-income families to vaccinate their children by increasing the economic accessibility of doing so. However, with some healthcare provisioners no longer selling vaccines, there has been criticism of the policy’s effectiveness in practice. Leila Feng, U2 Science, spoke in favour of keeping a two-tiered system. To Feng, vaccinating the largest number of people should be prioritized over vaccinating in the most equitable way.

“While a two-tier healthcare system might encourage unfairness when it comes to individual life-or-death surgeries, it may be a valid option for vaccines because non-contagious people are positive externalities to society,” Feng said. “The people buying vaccines are providing more health than harm to the people waiting in line.”

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