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McGill, Montreal, News

SSMU-hosted municipal debate cancelled after protests from audience

by Helene Saleska on

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On Oct. 27, the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) hosted a debate in the University Centre Ballroom between representatives from four Montreal parties that competed in the municipal election: Ensemble Montréal, Futur Montréal, Projet Montréal, and Transition Montréal. Angela Campbell, professor in the Faculty of Law and Interim Deputy Provost of Student Life and Learning, moderated the debate. After significant disruption from protestors in the audience who called for Campbell to listen to their demands for McGill to divest from weapons manufacturers, the organizers decided to cancel the event. 

SSMU Vice President (VP) External Seraphina Crema-Black, who organized the SSMU event, offered introductory remarks. 

“Student democracy, and democracy in general, is really important. It’s something that we strive for at the SSMU,” she said. 

Campbell then gave a land acknowledgement and began her introductory speech. She commented on the importance of engaging students in local democracy. 

“This afternoon’s debate is an incredible opportunity for candidates to present themselves to the McGill student community, and to engage recommendations that matter the most to you as students,” she stated. “With over 200,000 post-secondary students here in Montreal, it’s essential that [student] voices are heard and reflected in the decisions that shape our city.” 

During her statement, a student in the audience stood up and addressed Campbell, asking her to speak directly to the pro-Palestine protestors demanding divestment from genocide at McGill. 

“How dare you sit on stage and plan to represent student democracy, while you continue to repress the demands of the student protesters calling for divestment from genocide?” they asked. “After two years of the genocide, you’re responsible for suspending pro-Palestine groups like [Students for Palestine’s Honour and Resistance] and pursuing legal action against your own students.” 

The student’s remarks were followed by yelling from the crowd. Campbell responded that she “would be happy to discuss this further [with the protestors] after the debate.” 

After the audience member finished speaking, Campbell began to explain the structure of the debate, which would begin with opening statements, followed by three pre-prepared questions for the candidates in English, and three questions in French. Another protestor from the audience then stood up to address Campbell, expressing that disciplinary action against pro-Palestine protestors is undemocratic.

Again, Campbell offered to speak with protestors in another room to allow the debate to continue. She then introduced Danso, the candidate from Transition Montréal for City Council from the district Peter-McGill. Danso began their speech by expressing solidarity with the protestors, before giving a prepared opening statement. 

“I did witness police violence against protestors firsthand [at McGill],” Danso began. “We have the chance to change Montreal [….] We have seen the police budget increase from $600 to $800 million CAD in just the last five years, and that’s a reaction to the increased protests, which are themselves a reaction to the instability in society [….] Transition Montréal stands for community organizations, social housing, taxing the rich to pay for these things, and building a strong community.”

After this, another protestor from the audience asked Campbell about the termination of McGill’s Memorandum of Agreement with the SSMU, which she announced on behalf of the Board of Governors after the three-day student strike for Palestine in April 2025. The protestor referred to this as a “blatant attack on student democracy.” 

For several minutes, Campbell repeatedly emphasized that this was a forum for the electoral candidates, and that they had a right to speak on the issues of the city for the sake of democracy. Protestors maintained that Campbell should answer their questions in the name of student democracy. 

One protestor then claimed that the SSMU debate was illegitimate because the questions were pre-selected and students in the audience could not ask questions themselves. VP Crema-Black pushed back, explaining that no one had taken advantage of the public online form to submit questions for the candidates, so she had to write all six debate questions. 

After this exchange, Campbell announced that the debate was cancelled. No other candidates spoke. Only Danso and Maryse Bouchard, Projet Montréal City Council candidate for Ville-Marie, stayed afterward to talk with students one-on-one.

A previous version of this article’s headline stated that Angela Campbell cancelled the SSMU-hosted municipal debate after protests from the audience. In fact, SSMU’s executive team decided to cancel the debate, which Campbell simply announced as the debate’s moderator. The Tribune regrets these errors.

McGill, News

Language seminar for Queer History Month emphasizes the power of inclusivity 

by Eren Atac on

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The McGill Department of Family Medicine’s Equity, Diversity, & Inclusion Committee hosted a seminar titled ‘Queer History Month: Inclusive Language Awareness’ on Oct. 28. Family Medicine graduate students Brigitte Durieux and Joshua Ramos presented the seminar in which they discussed the importance of inclusive language, emphasizing its vitality in professional and academic spaces.

The event coincided with increasing debates over inclusive language in Quebec. Earlier this year, French Language Minister Jean-François Roberge introduced legislation banning the use of gender-neutral inclusive language in all government communications. This policy has raised concerns among 2SLGBTQIA+ advocates and others who see inclusive language as crucial to visibility and respect. The Family Medicine Department’s seminar aimed to reaffirm that language is not just a policy issue, but one that affects the everyday lives of queer people. 

Brigitte Durieux, a second-year graduate student in the Department of Family Medicine, presented the first segment of the seminar. They stressed the importance of respecting people’s pronouns, even if they appear unfamiliar or confusing.

“You don’t need to deeply understand or relate to something to respect its existence,” Durieux stated. “So it’s okay to be confused if you meet a new person and they use pronouns you’ve not heard before. It’s hard at first. It’s okay as long as you’re trying.”

Durieux went on to provide brief historical context on the treatment of 2SLGBTQIA+ people, discussing how systems of power have historically defined what is considered ‘normal’ or ‘acceptable,’ often marginalizing queer identities.

“Most queer people in most places have experienced some sort of power structure that ensures its own viability over time through identifying a correct way to live, [either] explicitly or implicitly through the way people socially treat each other,” Durieux explained. “In many places, it’s very illegal for sex between men to take place. This is usually related to religious texts and arguments about nature, despite the fact that homosexuality is naturally occurring.”

The seminar proceeded with a segment from Joshua Ramos, another graduate student in the Department of Family Medicine. They presented an overview of some theoretical frameworks of feminist and queer theory.

“There is no single feminist theory. Feminist theory can be considered a family of critical theories and approaches,” Ramos stressed. “Queer theory, [a term] coined by Teresa De Lauretis, is a critical approach to challenge norms and inequalities related to sexuality and gender. De Lauretis saw queerness as a way to understand sexuality and gender as fluid, socially-constructed concepts that enact resistance to dominant cultural and institutional powers.”

While Durieux and Ramos’ presentation emphasized the academic and theoretical dimensions of inclusive language, campus advocacy groups at McGill are also pushing for a broader cultural shift. In a written statement to The Tribune, Queer McGill’s administrative coordinator Val Munoz emphasized that Roberge’s bill is an example of how language can be used to limit rather than empower.

“[Roberge’s language] ban is deeply concerning because it reinforces the idea that inclusivity is optional, something to be regulated rather than lived,” Munoz stated. “It also exposes how language and power are intertwined. By restricting how we can write or speak, the government is effectively restricting how we can think about gender. The French language’s rigid gender binary is already a barrier for many queer and trans people, and policies like this deepen that exclusion.”

Munoz concluded by highlighting the significance of linguistic inclusivity as a way to enact positive social change. 

“Language is powerful; it can either liberate or silence,” they wrote. “True and critical allyship means recognizing that inclusive language is not about political correctness but about survival, dignity, and recognition [….] During Queer History Month, and beyond, I hope the McGill community reflects on how language shapes whose histories are celebrated and whose are erased, and chooses to speak in ways that affirm, rather than diminish, our existence.”

Behind the Bench, Soccer, Sports

European football experiments beyond borders

by Alex Hawes Silva on

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A significant shift has taken place in the world of European football, as the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has provisionally approved domestic league matches for Lega Serie A and LaLiga to be played outside their home countries. Specifically, UEFA has approved a proposed match between AC Milan and Como 1907 in Perth, Australia, and a planned match between FC Barcelona and Villarreal CF in Miami, U.S. The UEFA emphasized that these decisions were exceptions and should not be viewed as a common occurrence. As leagues like the UEFA explore new revenue streams and aim to reach broader audiences worldwide, the debate of how these international ambitions clash with the interests of domestic supporters intensifies. 

Fans of the games moving overseas argue that these matches represent an inevitable step in soccer’s spread across the globe. Both Serie A and LaLiga have long searched for ways to grow their international audiences, particularly in regions such as North America and Asia, where the Premier League already dominates soccer viewership and sponsorship revenue. 

Organizers say hosting games abroad will strengthen fan engagement, attract new investors, and showcase the quality of their leagues to emerging markets. In Perth, tourism officials have already projected an economic boost from the AC Milan and Como 1907 match set for early February 2026, with thousands of international visitors expected to attend. This worldwide move reframes soccer clubs as a means of global entertainment rather than local institutions.

However, the UEFA’s language of ‘regret’ when discussing the move highlights the enduring tension between their commercial goals and traditional practice. The union approved the matches abroad only after lobbying from the leagues and insisted they be treated as one-off exceptions, not as a new model for competition. Even after approval, some games have already been cancelled; LaLiga scrapped its proposed Miami game due to logistical and stakeholder opposition issues. 

Critics argue that holding league games abroad undermines the fundamental principle that teams play in front of, and for, their home supporters, on home soil. Soccer fan associations have also voiced frustration, arguing these moves centre profit over loyalty. Many fans view this transition as a harsh betrayal, especially if smaller clubs are forced to sacrifice home-field advantage to satisfy international contracts. 

While this move abroad was a surprise, it is not the first proposition of its kind. In 2008, the Premier League proposed a now-abandoned, extra ‘39th game’ to be played overseas; LaLiga’s earlier attempts to play a match in the United States faced legal challenges and public backlash. The persistence of such proposals reflects a larger transformation within global soccer. As broadcasting deals and sponsorships greatly affect scheduling and location, the sport’s traditional boundaries shift with it. Whether these experiments become rare appearances or the first steps toward a globalized domestic season will depend on fan reactions and how far clubs are willing to go in pursuit of global exposure.

As European football reaches beyond its borders, the tension between global opportunity and displeased local fanbases continues to grow. The UEFA’s weary approval displays both acknowledgment of the game’s international appeal and concern over what could be lost for dedicated local fans and communities. For now, the overseas matches in Perth and beyond remain experiments, rather than the norm. Yet as clubs and leagues continue to chase global audiences, the question of whether the world’s most popular sport will expand its horizons or stay loyal to its long-time traditions and communities still looms. 

Research Briefs, Science & Technology

The cost of silence: How occupational therapy institutions have failed Palestinians

by Antoine Larocque on

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In the face of the Palestinian genocide, Canadian occupational therapy institutions have largely remained silent. This institutional silence has deeply affected many practitioners, who must navigate both ethical responsibilities and moral obligations. 

To challenge this lack of a clear institutional stance, Hiba Zafran, assistant professor in McGill’s School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, and Pier-Luc Turcotte, editor of nursing journal Aporia, co-authored a commentary with collaborators titled “Shattering Silence, Inviting Dialogue: Anti-Oppressive Occupational Therapy During the Genocide of Palestinians.”

The piece argues that occupational practitioners cannot be disconnected from global conflicts and systemic oppression abroad. Thus, they find it concerning that institutions have not even opened a dialogue.

“In this context, deliberate silence is part of the system of oppression and the colonization of Palestine,” Zafran said in an interview with The Tribune.

This institutional silence also reflects a form of hypocrisy.

“As healthcare professionals and occupational therapists, we have the duty to defend human rights,” Turcotte told The Tribune. “And collectively, we all have an obligation to speak against and prevent a genocide when it occurs.”

Notably, the Competencies for Occupational Therapists in Canada explicitly states that practitioners must be anti-oppressive and advocate for social justice. However, many who have spoken for Palestine have been silenced, primarily accused of antisemitism.

“There has been a whole global narrative suggesting that [talking about] Palestine automatically means being anti-Jewish, which is simply not true,” Zafran said.

In some cases, censorship has had devastating effects on students, with some being threatened with the loss of internship opportunities because of their social media posts. The concept of neutrality adopted by Canadian occupational therapy institutions is misused in a harmful way.

“In this context, they are going against the principle of medical neutrality when they refuse to aid an entire population out of fear of being accused of antisemitism,” Turcotte said.

Zafran pointed out the inconsistency in institutional responses to oppression.

“There were some very positive developments in 2020 regarding […] the launch of equity, diversity and inclusion and anti-racism plans,” Zafran said. “Our association issued a statement, ‘No silence in the face of any injustice,’ which was cited by occupational therapy associations all over the world. [….] And when we get to [the genocide of Palestinians], it is just total hypocrisy.”

For healthcare professionals, institutional inaction has had consequences in the workplace.

“In our daily life, with our patients and colleagues, we are walking on eggshells. It is a betrayal of our very ethics, our competencies, and the philosophy in our profession,” she said.

In Canada, occupational therapists work with patients impacted by the genocide. Many Arab, Palestinian, Jewish and other patients have also been affected by the genocide in Canada—some are recalcitrant about opening up to their therapist.

“There are practitioners who, in their work, meet people who are concerned about what is happening, […] and who live with grief and trauma on a daily basis,” Turcotte said. “The work of these practitioners has been impacted [….] Some [patients] even avoid coming [to the hospital] because they do not feel safe in certain clinics or hospitals due to their reputation.”

To advocate against oppression, we must avoid replicating colonial and oppressive patterns responsible for oppression in the first place.

“To me, anti-oppression is all in the process, not just in the hope for an outcome,” Zafran said. “If we have an anti-oppressive process, then the outcome is that we have changed how things are done, and that is going to lead to what we hope for.”

Compassion, kindness, and taking time to think about others can all contribute to effective anti-oppression advocacy.

“It is important to sometimes slow down the pace of our actions […] to ensure that we are acting in the best interest of everyone,” Turcotte said.

For students engaged in advocacy work, Zafran recommends moving beyond criticism.

“If [we] want hope, then [we] need to go beyond resisting the world [we] do not want,” she said. “[We] also need to build the world that [we] want. And to do that, we need to treat each other the way that we want to be treated, even in advocacy spaces.”

*All quotes were translated from French.

Arts & Entertainment, Music

Music as a medium for change: Political voices resonate through sound

by Malika Logossou, Kaitlyn Schramm on

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Pop culture has changed drastically over the years. Many argue that the era of monoculture—when people shared the same cultural experiences, listened to the same songs, watched the same shows, and followed the same celebrities—is behind us. Audiences are now scattered across various playlists, social media platforms, and niche subcultures. Some claim that, because of this fragmentation, a single song can no longer be universal or unify a broad audience as it might have in the past. This makes activism in music less culturally resonant than in previous decades. 

Yet despite this fragmentation, music has long been—and continues to be—a vehicle for resistance and social change. Through powerful lyrics and rhythmic sounds, music transcends our ever-changing culture and permeates our daily lives. In recent years, many artists have taken their activism one step further: Using music as a form of advocacy and protest. King Krule, alongside Brian Eno and Damon Albarn, played a show in London, Together for Palestine, last November, which raised money to send aid into Gaza. In January 2024, Sudanese singer and poet Mustafa organized the Artists for Aid benefit, with all funds going to the organization Human Concern International, to raise money for food and medical distribution in Gaza, as well as Port Sudan, which is undergoing a genocide resulting in the most devastating humanitarian crisis in the world. Well-known singers such as Clairo and Faye Webster participated in the show. These acts demonstrate that culture can operate as a tool for resistance, even when audiences are diverse and fragmented. 

In a monocultural era, mass media coverage is what sparks widespread public engagement. However, today, activism in music adapts to this decentralized media ecosystem. Lorde, Japanese Breakfast, Björk, and Massive Attack are a few among hundreds of artists who have participated in a boycott against Israel’s genocide in Gaza by banning their music on Israeli streaming services, as part of the No Music for Genocide movement. Not only do such movements aid in denormalizing genocide on a cultural level, but they also aim to influence the music industry to end its complicity in the genocide. The movement claims that even though countries like the United States are also complicit, boycotting Israel holds a specific weight: It encourages social and cultural dissent, fighting against dominant government narratives, while reflecting Palestinian calls to boycott Israel completely. 

Music videos also allow artists to position themselves as activists. Though not a recent development, in an era where censorship is prevalent and dissent is stigmatized, artists continue to embed activism in visual form. In her single “Next 2 U,” American singer Kehlani has background dancers performing with Palestinian flags and wearing suits styled with keffiyehs. Her music video also opens with a quote from the Palestinian poet Hala Alyan: “Keep your moon / We have our own / Keep your army / We have our name / Keep your flag / We have fruit and in / All the right colours.” Symbolic gestures as these show that solidarity through art carries tangible weight.

Musicians worldwide have taken a stand against the genocide in subtle but vital ways, going beyond social media advocacy. While using music as a tool for activism may seem futile, solidarity in the arts is an overlooked yet crucial aspect of social change. Not only do boycotts like No Music for Genocide symbolically reject the normalization of Israel, but they also pressure the music industry to sever economic ties with Israel. These acts demonstrate that advocacy is not limited to marches, petitions, or divestment campaigns; culture, including music, carries political weight. 

In a world without monoculture, it may seem harder than ever for artists to influence broad audiences. Yet the recent activism surrounding Gaza and other humanitarian causes, such as Sudan, demonstrates that powerful messages can still reach listeners. Advocacy extends beyond the overtly political, and culture is a powerful tool in shifting public opinion and (de)normalization.

All Things Academic, Student Life

Weathering academic disappointment 

by Tamiyana Roemer on

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My fellow students, we’re in the eye of the storm. Two weeks post-reading week, the first flood of midterms is just behind us. Unfortunately, the McGill student body knows the worst is yet to come. The forecast calls for a downpour of exams and assignments until late November, and as we brace ourselves for the next deluge of stress, our grades are also trickling in. For many of us, those results may not be what we hoped for, and they seep into our minds even as we try to look forward. It’s common for disappointment, frustration, and self-doubt to pour in. Yet, as the semester’s pressure builds, how we respond to these moments matters just as much as the grades themselves. 

When the structures of university life dictate so much of our daily routines, it’s easy to see ourselves primarily as students. Thus, when grades fall short of expectations, they can feel like a reflection of our self-worth rather than measures of momentary performance. 

Abril Meza Naranjo, U4 Arts, credits her classes themselves for teaching her how to deemphasize grades.

“I actually took a psychology class, and it taught me that the more [identities] you connect with your personality, like [being a] sister or [someone with] hobbies, the less your [sense of self depends on] school. That actually really helped me with learning how to cope with failure,” she said. “ [….] I’m in another psychology class, my motivation class, [where I learned that] people [who did this mental] work [are more likely to] improve their grade than people [who considered their grade] part of their [identity].” 

When we cultivate aspects of ourselves outside the classroom, we create space to see academic setbacks as minor and temporary rather than inflated and defining. Other students have found that shifting their mindset allows them to better handle academic disappointments.

Caroline Choucha, U2 Engineering, tends to remind herself that midterms do not define an entire semester. 

“Since it’s a midterm, I usually try to stay positive and say, ‘Okay, it’s not the final, […] you could always catch up on the final.’”

In the haze of frantic preparation and anxiety, it’s easy to forget the purpose of midterms. Though seemingly designed to torment eager students and squander the joys of learning, we can also consider them a tool created in our best interest. After all, they prepare us for the end of the semester, which would be much more overwhelming without the preparation and feedback concomitant with midterm assignments and exams. 

Liane Nsouli, U2 Engineering, uses low midterm grades as a diagnostic tool to guide future learning. 

“In the beginning, l look through where I went wrong. [….] Then, I go to tutorials because sometimes they go [over] the questions and explain them. And if not, then I’ll go ask about the questions to actually understand [them]. [….] For the future, for other exams, I would go and ask more questions about the topic just to get a greater understanding.”

Ultimately, a disappointing midterm season is relative. McGill has over 40,000 students, each with individual experiences, expectations, and standards by which they measure themselves. A mark that seems devastating at first glance may, in a broader context, be far less alarming than we initially perceived it as. Recognizing this relativity allows us to approach our grades more holistically, reducing anxiety and making room for learning rather than self-judgment. 

Of course, institutional pressures make grades important, and as students, we may not have the power—or even the desire—to change their significance. But in the thick of the semester, the best way to weather the storm may be by putting academic disappointment into perspective, however that may look for you.

Student Life

We rate this website five stars for not using AI

by Parisa Rasul on

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Many are familiar with scrolling Letterboxd, a platform designed to rate and review movies. There, cinephiles convene over the range of emotions evoked from watching a movie—from laughing to crying, then back to laughing because you’re crying. Now, McGill students who feel the exact same range of emotions all within a one-and-a-half-hour Zoom lecture can debrief on Lecky. Lecky is a platform where students can connect with friends while reviewing lectures on a five-star scale. 

Ashtyn Morel-Blake, U0 Arts, with co-collaborator Regan Heynoski, U0 Arts & Science, spearheaded the website. In an interview with The Tribune, Morel-Blake expressed that Lecky functions similarly to Letterboxd.

 “If you’re a fan of Letterboxd and rating things, why don’t you also just rate your lectures when you go to them?”

Although this concept may sound reminiscent of pre-existing websites like Rate my Professors, Morel-Blake explains, “Rate my Professors is about a person. [….] [With Lecky], you actually choose which [individual] lecture you [rate].”

Because the website can be synced to McGill’s visual schedule builder, students 

can type in their course code to find their lectures easily, as well as tag the date of the 

lecture for more specificity. Morel-Blake intends to expand the app to allow users to share 

notes back and forth, creating more opportunities for collaboration. A packed lecture hall 

can feel isolating, but with Lecky, Morel-Blake hopes to foster a community where students connect through shared experiences.  

Despite his skill in coding, Morel-Blake understands software engineering to be a narrowing 

job market. “There’s a higher probability that that career option’s kind of dead […] for the 

longest time [I wanted] to be a software engineer, […] [but now] the bar for quality of [a 

software] engineer is really high. […] I hope I’m in that top five per cent”. 

Aspiring software engineers are now competing with AI models that have the ability to code. Morel-Blake believes that AI can create specific apps at a fast rate, albeit with negligible craft and ‘sloppy work.’ Morel-Blake refers to this specific type of AI-usage as ‘vibe coding,’ a process where humans use plain speech to describe an app’s purpose to an AI model, which then writes a functional code. Sometimes, however, human users do not read this code. It is often only tested by using the actual app. 

The newness of AI software, like ‘vibe coding,’ can engender a lack of awareness among consumers and investors about the pitfalls of relying on automatically generated code, the backbone of digital products. This naive optimism and overvaluation surrounding ‘vibe coding’ may be akin to the so-called ‘dot-com bubble.’ The ‘dot-com bubble’ of the late 90s occurred when lucrative start-ups received substantial valuations of shares in the stock market. When these companies could not deliver on their promise of profit, the ‘dot-com bubble’ burst, leading many companies to sink and resulting in massive financial losses for individual investors. 

Speculating that the ‘dot-com bubble’ bears a similar mark to the vast investments AI-firms currently receive, Morel-Blake elaborates on this by suggesting that the innovation of these apps does not require comprehensive expert coding knowledge. The ease of creating has, therefore, diminished the standard for well-crafted software. 

“Now we have the AI bubble, and everyone that doesn’t really know how to program and doesn’t really know what good software looks like […] [is] making all of these apps, and there’s no real expectation of quality”. 

Even as AI’s inevitability takes hold, Morel-Blake’s passion for crafting and fostering community is a testament to the most enduring form of intelligence: Creative human innovation.

Research Briefs, Science & Technology

Sex-specific autonomic signatures of tonic pain

by Sofie Kuttner Lindelow on

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The subjective experience of pain varies drastically between people, but subjective measures of pain correlation provide an important understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Emerging literature on pain points to a relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA)—a measure of how active the sympathetic nervous system is while signalling blood vessels to constrict—and acute pain. MSNA is closely tied to the cardiovascular system and typically rises with painful stimulation, linking autonomic arousal to the perception of pain. 

The autonomic nervous system has two branches: The sympathetic nervous system, which controls the ‘fight or flight’ response, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which is associated with promoting states of calm. Previous research has shown that brief painful stimuli and standard cold-pressor paradigms—where participants submerge their hand in a bowl of ice-water—elevate MSNA, blood pressure, and pain ratings in both sexes. However, little is understood about MSNA’s relationship to chronic pain, defined as pain persisting over three months, or whether sex contributes to variability in MSNA responses to pain.

In her PhD Sex Differences in the Relationship between Pain and Autonomic Outflow during a Cold Pressor Test, published in Biology of Sex Differences, Laila A. Chaudhry seeks to address the research gap on the relationship between MSNA and chronic pain. In an interview with The Tribune, Chaudhry spoke about conducting the first such study, segregating pain measures by sex to distinguish whether there was a significant difference in its interaction with autonomic arousal.

“It encourages a shift from viewing sex differences in pain from purely a psycho-social [phenomenon] to something grounded in physiological differences,” Chaudhry said. “This [research] is very indicative that it is actually at the biological level as well, including something as simple as nerve conductance is different between the sexes.”

To test her hypothesis, the intervention protocol included a six-minute tonic cold pressor test (CPT) to simulate chronic pain—a longer protocol than previously tested. While participants submerged their hands in ice-water, they reported a tingling, throbbing, and persistent pain resembling chronic pain symptoms. The team collected subjective pain ratings and objective autonomic measures—heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and MSNA—at various time points throughout the test. The team reported sex-aggregated interactions between time, pain, and the various autonomic markers during the intervention.

Although HR, MAP, and MSNA all increased in the initial submersion for both cohorts, a positive relationship between pain and HR emerged only in males for durations over 30 seconds. This association is an index of parasympathetic activity, meaning it points to predominant vagal withdrawal—as opposed to large vasoconstrictor surges, which indicate sympathetic activity—as the pathway linking sustained pain to cardiovascular arousal in men once the initial shock phase passes. 

In contrast, females showed greater pain-related sympathetic responses, with 2.2 times higher MSNA burst frequency than males. Mechanistically, this suggests that sympathetic drive in response to sustained pain may be implicated in amplifying and maintaining pain more strongly in females.

“[A] prevailing theory is that larger axons are less likely to produce chronic pain because, essentially, they don’t get over-fired [….] They have greater neurotransmitter release just because they have larger burst amplitudes, and men, just because of their physical size, are more likely to have larger axons and larger nerves,” Chaudhry said. 

In other words, chronic pain in men is characterized by a reduction in the pain-inhibiting activity of the parasympathetic branch, whereas in females, it involves higher activity of the ‘fight-or-flight’ system of the sympathetic branch. The discovery of different relationships between pain ratings and autonomic indices by sex—pain versus HR in men and pain versus MSNA variables in women—suggests sex-specific autonomic signatures of tonic pain. Chaudhry explained where this study falls within existing pain literature.

“This was part of a larger set of studies looking at sympathetic factors in pain [….] Pain treatment is interdisciplinary, and other techniques that work to target the sympathetic or parasympathetic systems could be informed by this knowledge of sex differences in chronic pain patients,” Chaudhry said.

Continuing to study the interaction between sex and pain is crucial for developing treatment protocols that adequately address differing physiological profiles and guiding targeted prevention and treatment. 

Arts & Entertainment, Music

Laufey transforms vulnerability into art at Place Bell

by Sophia Angela Zhang on

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Following a Grammy for her second album, Bewitched, singer-songwriter Laufey’s A Matter of Time tour explores a new side of herself. Suki Waterhouse opened the Montreal tour stop with ethereal vocals, priming the audience for Laufey; both artists delivered outstanding performances at Place Bell on Oct. 21st. From the first musical notes of “Clockwork,” Laufey invited the crowd on an intimate exploration of her being, translating the vulnerability of her album into a compelling performance. 

Laufey’s earlier work often explored youthful, innocent, and almost-naive love through a unique jazz-pop musical style that infused her lyrics with a dreamlike quality. A Matter of Time intentionally subverts these expectations by revealing an honest sincerity. While love remains a major inspiration for Laufey—particularly after entering her first relationship, experiencing the love she had long sung about—her third album does not shy away from some of the more unsavoury experiences of her life. These include the pain of losing a friend, insecurities, and homesickness for Iceland, where she grew up. 

In an interview with TIME, Laufey explained what motivated the risk she took with her album: “I wanted to take this idea of beauty that’s often around my music and throw it in the fire a little bit, just for the sake of showing the complexity of female emotion.”

The dichotomy between A Matter of Time and Bewitched can be seen in the way she treats the theme of insecurities. “Letter to my 13 Year Old Self,” from her second album Bewitched, explores the central theme of physical insecurities. Sung to her younger self, who felt like an outsider growing up half-Chinese in Iceland, Laufey comforts and affirms the child’s appearance.

“Snow White,” released as a single earlier this year, is a cynical, dispiriting song about how Laufey feels inferior because of the unreachable standards of female beauty. The lyric, “Sometimes I see her, she looks like Snow White,” reveals her tendency to compare herself to an impossible, idealized image of femininity. The stage was decorated with mirrors and lit in dark blues and pinks; the performance let the audience bear witness to her harsh internal feelings as she embodied her own worst critic. While “Letter to my 13 Year Old Self” explores the same central theme of physical insecurities, the careful sympathy and solace she offers herself is nowhere to be found in “Snow White,” which is marked with a hard-edged pessimism. However, with “Letter to my 13 Year Old Self” as the last performance of the night, Laufey left the audience on a positive note as she fulfilled her childhood hopes and dreams of performing on stage.

“Sabotage,” the first song Laufey composed for A Matter of Time, is especially unique in its sound, as it intermittently inserts brief bouts of orchestral cacophony to convey personal anxiety. It’s “a song about the fear of losing someone, because you’re in your own head,” she explained to The Grammys. Her on-stage performance mirrored that anxiety, with the lights flashing erratically when the musical dissonances interrupted her singing. In personifying the anxiety she felt in a romantic relationship, she replicates a dread that many can relate to. Laufey captures the feeling of knowing that her own overthinking and anxiety about a relationship could turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy.

By the end of the night, Place Bell had become a collective diary, where heartbreak, nostalgia, homesickness, and self-discovery intertwined. Her ability to transform authenticity into music left the audience spellbound long after her final notes.

McGill, News

McGill launches new Bachelor of Arts program in Population and Global Health

by Asher Kui on

More in McGill:

McGill University has launched a new Bachelor of Arts (BA) faculty program in Population and Global Health. Beginning in the Fall 2026 semester, U0 students and incoming first years will be able to enroll in the program. Unlike other major concentrations in the Faculty of Arts, students in the program will progress together as a cohort, which they will be sorted into through the program’s five stream options.

In a written statement to The Tribune, Lisa Shapiro, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Department of Philosophy professor, explained that the new BA will extend beyond the Faculty of Arts’ scope because of its socioscientific approach to globally pressing issues.

“[The new program is] truly interdisciplinary [and] focused on developing a comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of health, ethics, [and] policy,” she wrote. “The program not only draws on expertise situated in the Faculty of Arts, it also represents the intrinsic strength of a Bachelor of Arts in enabling students to articulate values and understand complex contexts through a range of methodologies to be positioned to develop solutions to real world problems.”

Shapiro also explained why McGill will place students in cohorts in order to expedite their learning processes.

“The idea of a cohort is that students enter as a group and form a community with shared intellectual interests through which they can learn from each other, as they develop specializations, as well as from faculty members,” she wrote.

Alayne Mary Adams, associate professor in McGill’s Department of Family Medicine and co-director of the new BA, highlighted the community-focused and experiential learning aspects of the Population and Global Health program in an interview with The Tribune.

“The program will admit a cohort of 40 to 50 students each year from high school and [CÉGEP],” she said. “They will progress through the program […] attending the same classes, [with] full semester [work placements], collaborating in teams of three to four students.”

Adams elaborated that the program’s community-engaged learning will primarily take place in two courses. GPHL 303: Community-Engaged Learning will connect students with local partners to work in small groups on pre-vetted, equitable projects for 24 hours across eight weeks. GPHL 401: Experiential Learning will assign students 455-hour projects, placing them locally or internationally in collaboration with research institutes, health agencies, and community organizations.

In an interview with The Tribune, Pearce-Tai Thomasson, the Arts Undergraduate Society’s (AUS) Vice President of Communications, expressed that the new program will balance the MDCM’s—McGill’s four-year undergraduate medical program—admission process, which is currently disproportionately based on provincial residency status.

“In Quebec, with CÉGEP rules, you can apply to go to medical school […] straight out of your CÉGEP with the [Med-P qualifying year],” he said. “[Now] there’s only five spots [in the MDCM] for out-of-province students [….] The [new BA program] is another way to […] [guide more out-of-province students] towards the health professions.”

Thomasson continued to elaborate on how the Population and Global Health program will narrow gaps between academic knowledge and tangible world issues. He mentioned that during the COVID-19 pandemic specifically, many students became interested in finding realistic solutions to global crises.

“[In many other programs] you’re not necessarily going to be studying anything related to that, […] you’re [only] going to get a little bit of that knowledge every once in a while,” he said. “People are interested in medicine, but don’t certainly go to med school, but want to get into some health-related careers and diplomacy careers [instead] [….] I’m excited about the program, just because it gives people [such] opportunities.”

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