Latest News

Football, Sports

To Romo or not to Romo? The Cowboys are sticking with Dak Prescott

by Joe Khammar on

More in Football:

The Dallas Cowboys’ fourth-round rookie Dak Prescott has taken the NFL by storm in his 10 starts this season. Originally brought in to support the Cowboys’ oft-injured quarterback Tony Romo, Prescott has now surpassed all expectations to replace the potential Hall of Fame player as a starter on a playoff-bound Dallas team.

With Romo at the helm at the start of the 2015-2016 season, hopes were high. He was the reigning Offensive Player of the Year and the Cowboys were Super Bowl contenders. But after a 2-0 start to the season, Romo suffered a fractured clavicle, removing him for the rest of the year. Dallas then finished 2015-16 with a paltry 4-12 record behind their backup quarterbacks. The disastrous results showed just how lost the Cowboys were without their quarterback. As Romo had not played a full season since 2012, eccentric team owner and General Manager Jerry Jones learned he could no longer rely on Romo’s failing body. The organization would need a suitable insurance policy.

In this year’s NFL Draft, the Cowboys selected Ezekiel Elliott, an immensely talented running back from The Ohio State University with the fourth overall pick. By drafting a running back, the Cowboys hoped to take the pressure off their fragile quarterback with a strong ground game. But the organization’s plans were derailed when Romo was injured again in a preseason game against Seattle. With backup quarterback Kellen Moore also injured, the Cowboys were forced to hand the starting quarterback role to their untested fourth-round pick from Mississippi State, Dak Prescott.

Going into the draft, most experts believed Prescott had bad mechanics, inaccurate deep passing, and was unreliable under pressure. Additionally, a DUI charge only weeks before the NFL Draft made teams questions Prescott’s character. It didn’t matter that he was acquitted of the charge; the damage had already been done. The Cowboys even dropped Prescott by a round in their draft boards, but decided to take a chance on him after Head Coach Jason Garrett drilled him about the DUI in pre-draft interviews.

Prescott turned out to be exactly what the franchise needed. His play was exceptional during the preseason and he seemed like a bonafide star in the making. But, still, no one expected Prescott to be so successful as a rookie quarterback. The Cowboys now had a problem when Romo returned to full fitness in week 11; when healthy, he is one of the best quarterbacks in the league. However, Prescott has led this team to a 9-1 record. The organization does not want to mess with a working formula. As the old saying goes, if it ain't broke, dont fix it. This situation put Jones and Garrett into a precarious position. They needed to decide who would be the team's starter going forward, the rising Dak Prescott or established Tony Romo.

The Cowboys eventually decided to stick with Prescott. The rookie has found ways to win week in and week out and brings aspects to the offence that Romo cannot. Prescott breaks outside the pocket, runs for extra yards, and constantly makes tacklers miss. He dominated talented Baltimore Ravens and Cincinnati Bengals defences to lead Dallas to an 8-1 record.

Yes, running back Ezekiel Elliott, the NFL’s best offensive line, and a talented group of pass-catchers have taken some of the pressure off the young quarterback’s shoulders. But Prescott has equally galvanized the Cowboys in return and has formed fantastic chemistry with the established stars on the team. From day one, Prescott has been a leader in the locker room and the entire team plays hard with him on the field. If he continues his top-notch play, Prescott’s season will become the gold standard for all rookie quarterbacks in the NFL. Akin to Tom Brady supplanting Drew Bledsoe as the New England Patriots’ starting quarterback in 2001, Prescott has made the Cowboys great again.

Commentary, Opinion

The future of birth control must include all genders

by Grey Gunning on

More in Commentary:

The results of a trial for male birth control, published in the Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, have sparked outrage and frustration. After 20 of 320 men dropped out of the study due to adverse side effects, the trials were discontinued. Altogether, the men participating in the trial reported 1,491 adverse symptoms, including mood disorders and severe acne. The cessation of the trials was not unjustified. The developers were forced to conclude that the risks outweighed the benefits. However, the trial represents a stark contrast with the development of the female birth control pill. It reinforces what the history of the pill tells us: The bodies of women are burdened with more responsibility than the bodies of men. This does not mean that society should demand that men experience the suffering women have. Instead, this moment is an opportunity to remember what women have been through in pursuit of the pill and to call for a future where everyone, regardless of gender, can expect fair treatment from medical research and health care professionals.

A history of the birth control pill must acknowledge the women who—often unknowingly—participated in unethical experiments to test the drug. The fact that these women were not consenting participants points to an unfortunate medical reality for women: Their bodies have historically been misused, devalued, and neglected by a medical field that caters to men.

But, it is impossible not to contrast the sensitivity with which the men in the study were treated with the unethical treatment women have suffered in the development of the pill, and the continued devaluing of their symptoms of well-being today.

In an interview with the National Public Radio, Jonathan Eig, author of The Birth of the Pill, claims it’s ironic that medical professionals have “treated [women] like lab animals so that [they] may find a form of birth control that frees them.” But, the fact that the pill’s developers took unethical routes by necessity does not erase the pain of the women who were mistreated as test subjects. In his book, Eig explains that beginning in the 1950s, several female birth control trials were held at the Puerto Rico Medical School. When participants began to drop out due to side effects, the head scientist sought out women who would have no choice but to participate, in order to continue the trials. Puerto Rican medical students were forced to comply under penalty of expulsion. Women in an asylum in Worcester, Massachusetts were used as test subjects because they were unable to say no. Admittedly, the situation was complex: Birth control was heavily regulated and test subjects were hard to find. However, the end does not justify the means when the means is the mistreatment of unconsenting women.

The dismissal of women’s pain still exists today, although it is more subtle: Women have a higher chance of being misdiagnosed when they exhibit symptoms of everything from heart attacks to ADHD. Their complaints are often minimized by healthcare professionals, and, sometimes—as has been documented in one Atlantic article—their pain is ignored. In terms of hormonal birth control, University of Copenhagen professor Øjvind Lidegaard told CNN that doctors have known “for decades” about the side effects of hormonal birth control, including mood disorders. Women, it seems, are expected to live with pain—if their pain is acknowledged at all.

The facilitators of the male birth control study were right to shut it down, as the rate of adverse side effects was higher than that of women who typically use hormonal contraceptives. But, it is impossible not to contrast the sensitivity with which the men in the study were treated with the unethical treatment women have suffered in the development of the pill, and the continued devaluing of their symptoms of well-being today. There is no way to erase the injustices of the past. In order to heal this disparity in the future, society must recognize the history of the pill and the pain that women continually undertake to exercise their reproductive rights. Men can demand continued research on male birth control, thereby lessening the reproductive burden on women. By speaking out about the pain that women have faced in the past, and about the pain that they still face today, we can look forward to a world where healthcare is synonymous with equality.

Editorial, Opinion

Streamlining of McGill Counselling and Mental Health Services leaves gaps in medical notes procedures

by McGill Tribune Editorial Board on

More in Editorial:

As part of the integration of McGill Mental Health and Counselling Services (MHCMS), medical notes are no longer available for students who use drop-in appointments unless their case falls under the criteria for the newly designated “Safety Appointment.”

Although the change prioritizes support for students who urgently need it in order to be safe, questions remain as to what students are supposed to do if they do not qualify for a Safety Appointment, but need a medical note due to mental health reasons. While such growing pains are no doubt a side effect of the ongoing integration process, measures must be put in place to resolve this gap in services that adversely affects students now. Going forward, McGill must better disseminate information on what this change means, what support is still available to students, and how it will accommodate those who do not fall under urgent cases, but nevertheless require medical notes.

The new Safety Appointments are reserved for urgent cases, such as if a student is at risk of harming themselves, has recently overdosed or been hospitalized in a psychiatric ward, or has recently been physically assaulted. Medical notes still remain available to those who already have an assigned mental health professional.

Although the change prioritizes support for students who urgently need it in order to be safe, questions remain as to what students are supposed to do if they do not qualify for a Safety Appointment, but need a medical note due to mental health reasons.

MCMHS is overburdened and understaffed relative to demand. Serving a student population of over 39,000 while grappling with budget constraints is no easy task. The integration of services is a positive step that improves efficiency and streamlines the care model, as students no longer need to determine in advance whether they need psychiatric care or counselling. The single point of entry will reduce confusion in this sense; however, the effect of the integration on medical notes shows that gaps remain.

Any policy change—no matter how temporary—must recognize that mental health experiences vary between individual situations and that the criteria for a safety appointment are not the only criteria by which a student would require a medical note. Mental health and wellness cannot be predictably planned for, making it imperative that MCMHS develops a procedure whereby those in need, but not in such need as specified by the Safety Appointment criteria, may receive a medical note. This is not to say that all students who attend drop-in sessions unconditionally require a deferral or extension; that decision ultimately rests with the clinician. But, restricting access to medical notes to a certain category of students leaves those who do not fit the category unsure of their options. At the moment, students must wait two weeks for an appointment if they are not mentally well enough to take an exam or complete a project, and cannot acquire a medical note in time.

It is essential the MCMHS is able to provide medical notes to any student in need on a timely basis, as students may have no other options off campus. For instance, private physicians can be expensive, as visits are not fully covered by SSMU’s Health Coverage plan.

In the interim, students may resort to methods outside MCMHS in order to get more immediate support. Student-run services—such as the Peer Support Centre, the Sexual Assault Centre of the McGill Students’ Society (SACOMSS), and the McGill Students’ Nightline—all provide support for both mental health and physical safety concerns. These services can also advise students on how to best approach their professors if they need an exam deferral. Additionally, as part of a transition towards a university environment that is more accommodating of mental health, the Students’ Society of McGill University’s (SSMU) newly-implemented Mental Health 101 training may help raise the necessary awareness and understanding among professors about the diverse range of mental health situations students may find themselves in. All of these student-led initiatives are essential to filling the gaps and to helping reduce the strain on MCMHS; however, crucially, these services do not have the power to provide medical notes. Going forward, McGill should consider whether academic advising should play a greater role in helping students prepare for their course load and informing them of how best to acquire a deferral or extension.

MCMHS is looking into solutions to provide more equal access to medical notes, such as creating a case manager role; however, the immediate implementation of the integration without informing students of what it entails, and without having a contingency plan to avoid such gaps, seems short-sighted. As yet, students have not been formally notified of this particular effect of the integration, and many may not be aware that drop-in appointments with an intake clinician are still available to all students. While this may have been a necessary change in the care model, this oversight is disruptive and detrimental to students—especially with the Fall 2016 final exam period looming—who find themselves with mental health concerns and unable to get a medical note from MCMHS in time to have an exam deferred. 

McGill Redpath Museum
Off the Board, Opinion

Quality vs quantity: Questioning workload at McGill

by Nicholas Jasinski on

More in Off the Board:

It seems like no matter what you study at McGill—English, Finance, Physics, or Nursing—you often find yourself with an infeasible volume of readings, practice exercises, pre-labs, or online quizzes. It’s hard to imagine that the professors assigning the work really believe that their students will be able to finish it all on time. I’ve walked into multiple lectures, sat down, looked around the classroom, and thought to myself, “Who actually finished the readings?” My friends in Science have complained to me that the sheer amount of lab reports, quizzes, and problem sets compounded across all of their courses quickly becomes overwhelming. While being able to read quickly is certainly a worthwhile skill, and repetition and practice may make perfect, the brute-force, volume approach cannot really be the most conducive for learning in university. It should not be natural for McGill students to be constantly drowning in assignments.

Our classes and our professors should certainly challenge us and push our limits as scholars. We all signed up to come to McGill for its promise of a rigorous education. But, rigour does not necessitate colossal volumes of work. Plowing through hundreds of pages of readings or suffering through hours of busywork every night arguably does not promote understanding; it only encourages the student to work towards completion, not real comprehension. The result is a loss of depth, merely for the sake of volume.

 

 

While being able to read quickly is certainly a worthwhile skill, and repetition and practice may make perfect, the brute-force, volume approach cannot really be the most conducive for learning in university.

Students complaining about their workload at McGill should thoughtfully question the purpose and goals of their assignments, as overburdening could seriously affect quality of education. Never-ending, repetitive, or mindless assignments that must be completed simply to earn participation points discourage real learning—in the form of lasting and applicable understanding—and add more stress and exhaustion, physical and mental health problems, and a lack of balance to students’ lives. Professors should be able to make clear when designing their courses the purpose and benefit of each reading, lab, or paper assigned—and students have the right to know. If the question, “Will I ever use this again?” cannot be answered affirmatively, question the assignment. If a reading is meant to be a starting point for a thoughtful discussion in class, make sure the professor gives time to read and to synthesize the content.

Short of banning all assignments outside of class—an unrealistic and counterproductive fix—there is no blanket solution to McGill students’ excessive workloads. The problem is specific to each student, each course, and each semester. In order to voice their objections to excessive workloads, students must complete their course evaluations, and bring up the topic with their individual professors and TAs in a candid and thoughtful way during the semester. When a particular assignment appears utterly pointless or a set of readings feels especially unreasonable in its length, students should not hesitate to speak up. Professors seem to forget that their students are enrolled in other courses, engage in extracurricular activities, and still need to find time for their friends and families.

Though it may not seem so at times, professors are human, too, and can be understanding, especially when the discussion is about making their students actually learn better. The first step comes from us as students: We must invest ourselves in not just working more or harder, but in communicating with our instructors to shift the focus from quantity to quality for the sake of learning.

 

Nicholas Jasinski is a managing editor at The McGill Tribune and is studying economics and finance.

 

[email protected]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emerging Trends, Private, Student Life

Smol puppers and fluffy doggos: A history of dogspotting

by Calvin Trottier-Chi on

More in Emerging Trends:

Taking pictures of dogs in public has been nothing but a casual activity for years; however, when humanity’s fascination with our canine companions merged with the reach of social media, the Facebook group Dogspotting was born.

Dogspotting is the act of ‘spotting’ dogs in public, taking a picture, and posting it online for other members to score it. Historically, there has been some debate over the rigidity of the points system. Today, there is an official rubric for scoring, but members can still spontaneously award non-official points.

John Savoia coined the term “Dogspotting” in 2006 on the Something Awful Forums, an online space for sharing hobbies and activities, usually with a comedic twist. Savoia then went on to create the Dogspotting Facebook Group in 2008. It continued as a small community of roughly twenty friends sharing pictures, until several Australian college students found it in June of 2014. Soon after, the social influence of Dogspotting increased exponentially and its membership exploded. Currently there are 350,000 members with about 7,000 joining each week.

Nobody is more surprised by the surge in Dogspotting’s popularity than the founder John Savoia himself. Savoia credits the embrace of social media and technology for enabling what began as a simple idea to become a global phenomenon.

“The original vision for dogspotting was to gamify the act of seeing dogs,” Savoia said. “Simple as that. No community, no concept of cuteness, just a 20-year-old who had played too many RPGs as a kid and wanted to make numbers [add] up. It’s obviously changed in very fundamental ways since then, going from hash marks on a piece of paper in my wallet to a multimedia-based community across the globe.”

Dogspotting has since adjusted to its larger membership base, and aims to continue organically supplementing what was originally a simple idea. The Facebook group has recently expanded its activities through different avenues, including a merchandise store, raising donations for animal rescue shelters, and the release of the Dogspotting app, which allows members to post pictures and receive scores on their mobile devices. 

Savoia hopes that Dogspotting will continue to grow. The administrators intend to use the app to raise donations, but Savoia makes no concrete predictions about the logistics of this idea or the cause toward which funds would be sent.

“The future is not aimless, but more nebulous in a good way for me,” Savoia said. “There are goals and specifics, but generally speaking I want Dogspotting to go it’s own path, with myself and the other admins as guiding forces.”

The community appears to have a thriving sense of identity. Though members enjoy other dog-centric groups and popular memes, they take unique pride in Dogspotting’s original and structured content. Dogspotting President Jeff Wallen suggested that the group contributes to the creation of memes, but that what makes it unique from other online groups and forums is its sense of community.

“[Members] make friends in comments, the more active users recognize one another,” Wallen said. “It is a very interactive place. Our members are loyal Spotters. It’s more than just belonging to a Facebook group. It’s being part of something bigger, something special.”

Coco Thorpe, an administrator of Dogspotting, claimed that some members have over 100 friends in Dogspotting, and many of these connections are international. Although she is proud of social media contributing to a global sense of community, she also addressed the importance of the unique nature of dogs in bringing people together.

“It never fails to amaze me, what a love humanity has for dogs,” Thorpe said. “Seeing pictures of dogs from all around the world has fostered communication and friendships between people of many countries. I also have heard more times than I can count that this group is an antidote to depression for many people, and gets them through hard and sad times.”

Many members come to Dogspotting for the positive environment. Dogs foster sentiments of positivity, and this is echoed in the group’s activities.

“My experience […] is that dog owners bond much more quickly and socially with other dog owners,” Savoia said. “A sort of ad-hoc club, if you will. I think that’s primarily [in real life], but translates to the net just fine.”

 

McGill Tribune: What’s your favourite thing about dogs?

Jeff Wallen: “No person will ever love you like your dog loves you. Their loyalty and love is unconditional.” 

Coco Thorpe: “My favourite thing about dogs is of course their loyalty and unconditional love; and also I really like big furry ones.”

John Savoia: “My favourite thing about dogs would honestly be the points they have accumulated for me over the past 10 years. Being that I have played dogspotting longer than anyone else, I am the unofficial all time points leader.”

News, SSMU

SSMU passes global access to medicines, cost-free birth control

by Julia Metraux on

More in News:

At its Nov. 17 meeting, the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) Legislative Council voted to pass the Motion Regarding Global Access to Medicines Policy and the Motion Regarding SSMU Support for Cost-Free Birth Control Coverage. According to SSMU President Ben Ger, Council voted on motions that were originally supposed to be voted on by students at the General Assembly (GA),  but could not be because it did not meet quorum.


“As some people might know, [the] GA did not meet quorum, so we’re running an online ratification for [the] two motions [Regarding Nomination of the SSMU Board of Directors and Regarding the Nomination of the Auditor for the Fiscal Year of 2017],” Ger said.


According to Ger, the Motion Regarding Global Access to Medicines Policy and the Motion Regarding SSMU Support for Cost-Free Birth Control were heard at SSMU Council by the request of the movers. However, the motions regarding the composition of the Board of Directors and the nomination of the auditor were ratified online by the student body on Nov. 18 by 86.7 per cent and 89.9 per cent, respectively. These motions were required to be passed by the student body, according to the SSMU Constitution


“Both [the Board of Directors and the auditor] are required to allow a company to function,” said Ger. “The Companies Act [of Quebec] states that in cases when the company must continue to function, legal reasoning must prevail over internal procedure. Thus, even though the GA didn't meet quorum, due to Quebec Law those two motions still went to ratification.”


Roughly a third of SSMU Legislative Council was absent from this meeting due to previously scheduled events outside of Montreal, and therefore did not participate in voting for motions.


Motion Regarding SSMU Support for Cost-Free Birth Control


Council also voted to pass the Motion Regarding SSMU Support for Cost-Free Birth Control Coverage, which proposes that SSMU works to expand cost-free birth control for non-Quebec resident students.  This motion is intended to make changes to the SSMU Student Health and Dental Plan and McGill International Health Insurance Plan.


According to McGill Students for the New Democratic Party (NDP McGill) Policy Director Julian Benollo-Stauch, NDP McGill moved this motion because birth control is currently completely covered for Quebec residents, but out-of-province and international students must pay to fill their prescriptions.


“Other countries, for example Australia, have birth control covered in health plans,” Benollo-Stauch said. “Unfortunately, Canada has not yet covered it. It is covered for Quebec residents, we want to expand that to non-Quebec Canadian residents. We also ask that McGill seek to do the same for international students.”


Senate Caucus Representative Joshua Chin asked if NDP McGill explored other areas that might be presenting problems.


“It seems that here in Quebec, the overwhelming barrier to access is not cost but the lack of access to a family physician in order to get a prescription for birth control,” Chin said. “Have you explored this route to look at the access?”


Representatives from NDP McGill responded that they are currently looking into this option.


Motion Regarding Global Access to Medicines Policy


Council voted to pass the Motion Regarding Global Access to Medicines Policy, which proposes that SSMU calls for McGill—a leading university for biotechnology patents—to help lower drug costs to increase accessibility for people around the world. The motion was moved by the McGill Chapter of Universities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM).


UAEM Co-President Sonia Labri-Aissa said that universities have leverage when working with pharmaceutical companies over prices and distribution. This allows the university to negotiate on terms of accessibility to medications in the event of a crisis.


“This motion is specifically dealing with patents that go through the university,” Labri-Aissa said. “Universities then send the patents to pharmaceuticals, who don’t really ask anything. We want to add a global accessibility framework [to McGill] that would say that in the event that this drug or this innovation is ever [needed] in an humanitarian crisis, it wouldn’t charge anything over the cost of using the drug. So if that’s a pill, that will usually be five to ten cents. If it is a vaccine, it is usually around $2.”


Council decided to only vote on the second part of the motion instead of voting to pass or reject it in its entirety. Arts Representative Igor Sadikov clarified that the second part of the motion contained the point of the mandate, whereas the first part was more on policy. This leaves SSMU with a mandate to begin advocating for the implementation of a global access licensing framework for health-related technology transfers to the private sector through the McGill Senate, even though the policy has not been passed yet.


“The first part of the motion on global access to medicines is a policy, and there had been no notice of motion, so we realized that it would violate the regulations to approve it right away […],” Sadikov said. “However, the second part of the motion is not part of the policy, so there is no need for a notice for that part, which is why we were able to divide the question and vote on the second part.”


At their next meeting on Dec. 1, Council will vote on the first section of the motion, which calls for SSMU to support increased access to medicines throughout the world as a public good and a human right.

 

 

A previous version of this article incorrectly spelled UAEM Co-President Sonia Labri-Aissa's last name. The Tribune regrets this error.

Features

Drowning in addiction: The social aspects of alcohol abuse

by Audrey Carleton on

More in Features:

'We are we are we are we are we are the engineers! We can we can we can we can demolish 40 beers!' can be heard echoing through the streets of Montreal during early September every year. This chant, along with others like it, serves as an introduction for many first-year students to McGill. This experience is a prologue for the social environment in which a large portion of students will participate during university.  

 

On university campuses, where alcohol and substance use become integral to social life for many, students are placed at high risk of addiction, abuse, and overdose. Despite welcoming most students to campus with a week of binge-drinking in the form of Frosh, topics of substance abuse and alcoholism are largely left out of the conversation surrounding drinking on campus by the McGill administration and student body.

Science & Technology

Edward Snowden discusses how technological advances have changed the way governments spy

by Andy Wang on

More in Science & Technology:

Edward Snowden, former contractor for the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), spoke remotely via Google Hangouts at McGill University on Wednesday, Nov. 2.

Snowden’s notoriety has not waned since his leak of some 10,000 classified NSA files in 2013.

Snowden began with a few words about surveillance issues in Montreal. In a recent scandal, Patrick Lagacé, a columnist for Montreal’s French language newspaper La Presse, uncovered that police had issued “at least 24 surveillance warrants” on his iPhone this year.

The pace of government surveillance has increased dramatically worldwide thanks to technological advancements that have helped governments spy on their citizens. Highly trained teams of intelligence personnel have been outmatched and replaced in the modern era of mass information.

In traditional, James Bond-esque surveillance, spies could physically follow a target, but could never be within earshot for fear of exposure. They jotted down the dates and times when an individual left their home, whom they met with, and their locations during the day. But traditional spying methods were incredibly expensive and labourious. In order to access an individual’s metadata—that is, information surrounding a message or phone call, including dates, times, and locations—governments had to spend an incredible amount of money on a team of intelligence personnel.  

Without the historical limitations of time and money, government surveillance has become a question of, ‘why not?’

Snowden highlighted the paradigm shift where government officials are no longer held accountable by the citizens they serve.

“Private citizens and public officials have morphed into this brave new world of public citizens and private officials,” Snowden said.

The checks and balances that have traditionally kept democracies free and private have now been outpaced.

In his talk, Snowden also discussed practical applications of the surveillance state.

“First of all, we have to begin to encrypt our data,” Snowden said.

There are a number of companies that offer encryption services. Microsoft Outlook, the platform that McGill uses, has a built-in tool to encrypt all outgoing emails. There are also ciphers that encrypt a message using a “key” that can be a phrase from books, movies, or just random strings of letters.  

But merely protecting the raw data is not enough. According to Snowden, the metadata must also be protected. To prevent the government from accessing this kind of data is much more difficult than protecting the raw content. Metadata is not owned by the sender of a message, but rather by the company that provides the service, such as Google or Facebook—a detail that the NSA’s PRISM program exploited.

Part of the reason Snowden came forward was to expose the American government’s surveillance programs, such as PRISM, and to protect the privacy of U.S. citizens.

The PRISM program was a clandestine protocol of the NSA to collect and store internet communications and metadata from U.S. internet and telecommunications companies. Snowden’s document leak exposed the extent of the PRISM program’s access to private citizens’ metadata.

In Canada, the U.K., and the U.S., there are laws that prevent the government from accessing the private information of their citizens. The PRISM program utilizes a loophole where the information of ordinary citizens can be collected from company databases that are based offshore.

Even if correspondents are in the same country, their data could jump to another continent and back without their knowledge. The U.S. government can then collect this information and store it in their database.

Snowden also leaked documents describing programs targeted at U.S. allies in Europe, including tapping into German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s personal line, as well as bugging the European Union’s office in New York, and spying on European non-governmental organizations.

The U.S. government addressed the consequences of Snowden’s leaks in several internal reports. In 2015, Vice News obtained some 100 pages of the Defense Intelligence Agency’s (DIA) internal reports about the ramifications of the Snowden files. According to Vice, the reason that the that they were aware of the report in the first place was due to clandestine government dealings to smear Snowden’s image.

“The DIA's report had been unknown until the White House secretly authorized the declassification of select portions of it so two Republican lawmakers could undercut the media narrative painting Snowden as a heroic whistleblower," Jason Leopold wrote for Vice News in 2015.

Under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Vice sued the government for access to the reports.

The files were eventually handed over, though nearly every page of the report was redacted to the point where the only writing on the pages were the titles and some subheadings.

With respect to his own personal fallout, Snowden said that, thanks to previous whistleblowers, he knew what could happen to him.

Snowden said he learned from former U.S. whistleblowers such as Chelsea Manning and Thomas Drake. Because of their actions, he knew more of what to expect in terms of persecution and criminal convictions.

“I knew that if I got caught the government would use the Espionage Act against me,” Snowden said. “It’s one of the few laws that silences your story in court, it is designed that way.”

When asked why he came forward, Snowden gave his usual wry smile.

“We have a right to know,” he replied.

Recently, there have been campaigns petitioning the American government to allow Snowden to return to the U.S. without facing prosecution, but this outcome does not look likely.

“I can’t pardon somebody who hasn’t gone before a court and presented themselves, so that’s not something I would comment on at this point,” U.S. President Barack Obama told the German newspaper Der Spiegel on Nov. 18.

Moreover, President-elect Donald Trump’s pick for the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, Kansas Representative Mike Pompeo, said that he would like to see Snowden executed.

Despite the international attention and media frenzy, Snowden insisted that people should look at the critical issues he brought to light instead of focusing on him as an individual.

“I am the least important part of the story,” he said.

Nevertheless, his actions and his message have continued to reverberate around the world. Snowden’s disclosures gave citizens a glimpse into the inner workings of their governments. His revelations have made many realize that Big Brother is not merely a construct of English prose, but is very, very real.

As a rhetorical target of American officials, Snowden, exiled by the U.S. and living under temporary asylum in Moscow, Russia, closed on an optimistic note.

“Hopefully next year I’ll be able to see you in person,” Snowden said amidst a standing ovation.

Private, Student Life

TedxMontreal 2016 defines, inspires, and changes perspectives

by Ella Benedetti and Rebecca Zhuang on

More in Private:

TEDxMontreal, which had Perspectives as its theme in 2016, aims to stimulate curiosity by showcasing a diversity of viewpoints from the Montreal community. It is among the TEDx program of self-organized events, designed to bring a TED-like experience to local cities. This year, the conference was held on Nov. 12 at Espace DCMTL, located in Parc-Extension. This neighbourhood is away from the spotlight of downtown, and was chosen to represent the uncovering of underground ideas and culture in Montreal. 

Created in 2008, TEDx is a global event in which communities worldwide self-organize day-long TED conferences, all with a common mission to foster innovation and spread ideas. The format is simple and effective: Experts in many different spheres–from artists to entrepreneurs–give 10- to 20-minute speeches that engender thoughtful conversation among the speakers and attendees.

Katy Yam, coordinator for the conference, shares TEDxMontreal’s goal to enlighten and strengthen the Montreal community by shedding light upon all of the innovation and creativity happening within the city. 

 “We’re all about discovering and showcasing, and finding those hidden pearls of what’s happening in Montreal,” Yam said. “We want people to change [their] perspectives.”  

Half of the 12 total speakers conducted their talks in French, while the other half spoke in English. All of the presentations were focused on either ideas originating from Montreal or inspiring feats and works by Montrealers. 

One of these innovators was Doctor Yoshua Bengio. Bengio is the head of the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms and a professor in Computer Science at the University of Montreal. Bengio is best known for his contributions to biologically-inspired machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). During his speech, Bengio spoke about the steady integration of AI into everyday life. 

“This new revolution, this second machine age, is going to expand our cognitive abilities, our mental power,” Bengio said. “Computers are not just going to replace manual labour, but also mental labour.” 

On top of a research grant of $213 million given to various Montreal universities to push the boundaries of the AI industry and data science innovation, Montreal has become home to the largest concentration of academic researchers of deep learning in the world. This project is just one among a multitude of remarkable projects occurring in Montreal of which many people may not be aware. 

While more than half of the speakers were scientists, there were also presenters from the arts and social sciences. Speaker Alexis Charpentier, is a music archaeologist; he is among the small community of individuals who dedicate their lives and careers to discovering and refurbishing lost vinyl records. By searching the world for unique records—what he calls his “holy grail”—he gives forgotten music a second chance to thrive. 

 “Beautiful art deserves to be cherished, shared, and rediscovered,” Charpentier  said. “Embrace curators, we are alternative voices to the mainstream music channels.”

In addition to speeches about scientific advancements and creative passions, there were speakers who told stories about their personal experiences. Susan Wener was a crowd favourite, earning a standing ovation at the end of her talk. Wener is not only the author of a national bestseller, Resilience, she is also a therapist with a teaching degree from McGill, as well asa two-time survivor of cancer. Wener told her tale of recovery, and discussed the power of using stories to change perspectives. Wener hoped that people would take away the central messages of strength and finding hope in difficult times.

“It’s not about the things that happen to you […] it’s what you do with what happens to you […] that determines your quality of life,” Wener  said. “The word ‘impossible’ simply means that it hasn’t been done yet.”

The attendees of TEDxMontreal came from a broad variety of backgrounds, professions, nationalities, ages, and talents, showcasing Montreal’s diversity. This speaks to the event’s role as a platform to bring people together expose them to a multitude of unique Montreal-born ideas, all while encouraging creativity and innovation. 

“It’s great for the community, for people to connect, […] and for innovation,” Matthieu Favre, a guest of TEDxMontreal, said.

Yam believed that TEDxMontreal accomplished its goal of showcasing the success and talent from around the Montreal community, along with reinforcing the general importance of diversity. 

“We have so much to be proud of in this city,” Yam said. “I want more success, more Montrealers and Quebecers on the worldwide stage, and TED is a great platform for that."

1 … 700 701 702 703 704 … 1,364

Read the latest issue

Read the latest issue