Latest News

a, News, SSMU

Céleste Pagniello withdraws from SSMU VP Internal race

On Nov. 11 the Elections Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) announced via e-mail that Céleste Pagniello, a candidate for the vacant vice-president (VP) internal position, has withdrawn her candidacy. The e-mail included a written statement from Pagniello citing threats as her reason for withdrawing.

Due to personal attacks and threats directed towards my family, and myself, I have decided not to continue with my campaign to be VP Internal of SSMU,” Pagniello wrote. “These messages have escalated far beyond the appropriate level of a student government campaign, and I have decided to end this campaign in order to protect myself and all parties involved.”

The threats followed an anonymous Reddit post accusing Pagniello of blocking a McGill student from her election Facebook event. The other VP Internal candidate, Alexei Simakov, has since announced that it was his campaign that published the original accusation against Pagniello on Reddit.

The post accused her of creating false profiles to forge evidence that she had not intentionally removed anyone from her event, but had instead made an accidental change in the privacy settings of her personal profile that affected the event.

“Our purpose with this was it came to our attention that a student was saying he was blocked from the event which we found to be in bad behaviour by Céleste and we wanted to bring light to this because it would be obviously beneficial to our campaign,” Simakov said. “Afterward she posted this evidence refuting the blocking. Those we found very suspicious [… and] a lot of these accounts [used for evidence] are fabricated Facebook profiles.”

Ballots for the VP Internal by-election will now include a Yes or No vote on the remaining VP Internal candidate. According to the SSMU elections by-laws, if the vote fails, SSMU’s Legislative Council will have several options.

“If a position is vacant after the extended Nomination Period or as a result of withdrawals, the electoral period shall carry on,” reads Article 6.9 of the Elections and Referenda section of the Internal Regulations of the Presidential Portfolio. “To fill the position, Legislative Council may call a by-election, fill the vacancy by appointment, or delegate the responsibilities to a sitting representative.”

Simakov, while not feeling responsible for Pagniello’s withdrawal, is disappointed that students no longer have two candidates to choose from, and hopes that if he is elected, election reform will be brought before SSMU.

“I’m sad that there’s no longer an option in the race,” he said. “Last year I ran [for president] by presenting that [students] should have an option and I was hoping that this would be the outcome. So I don’t feel responsible for it, and all I can do is run. Hopefully someone else would have been running but […] we’re hoping that moving from the future, if we enact electoral reform then we can move away from these types of situations to talk about the issues.

Pagniello did not respond to requests for a comment.

Jose Bautista
a, Baseball, Sports

The Sport Authority Episode 1: Toronto Blue Jays off-season edition

This is The Sport Authority, the McGill Tribune sports section's podcast. In Episode 1 Staff Writer Aaron Rose and Sports Editor Elie Waitzer get you prepared for the 2015-16 Toronto Blue Jays off-season amid swirling rumours swirling and a scorching hot stove. Will Marco Estrada be the first player ever to accept a qualifying offer? Should the Toronto Blue Jays fork over the big bucks for David Price? Can you imagine Chris Davis rocking the blue-and-white in between Edwin Encarnacion and Troy Tulowitzki? Could Jose Bautista and Darren O’Day set aside their differences in Toronto? The 2015 season ended in heart break, but with the offense returning intact, the 2016 Blue Jays look poised to return to October. If the Blue Jays can lure a top tier pitcher to Toronto and rebuild the bullpen, new team President Mark Shapiro should be able to erase the name Alex Anthopolous from Blue Jays fans’ memory! Listen on to find out what The Sport Authority thinks:

NFL Fantasy Football
a, Football, Sports

Fantasy football: Week 9 Takeaways

With only four weeks to go until playoffs, fantasy football owners are in need of wins now more than ever. Week 9 showed that late-season pickups are the keys to success. Pittsburgh Steelers running back DeAngelo Williams, playing in place of injured Le’Veon Bell, racked up 225 all-purpose yards and two touchdowns, while Chicago Bears running back Matt Forte’s backup, Jeremy Langford, amassed 142 yards, a touchdown, and a two-point conversion. Time to turn to the key takeaways of this week in fantasy football:

Down goes Dion

New England Patriots running back Dion Lewis went down with a non-contact injury against the Washington Redskins on Sunday afternoon. The team later confirmed that Lewis had in fact torn his ACL and will be out for the season. The Patriots have been unstoppable this season, but losing Lewis and his electrifying game will surely take some wind out of their sails. Expect an even heavier usage of LeGarrette Blount going forward, while running backs Brandon Bolden and James White will slide into Lewis’ role.

Sammy Watkins rises from the dead

In his first appearance since Week 6, Buffalo Bills wide receiver Sammy Watkins exploded for eight catches, 168 yards, and a touchdown in a win over the Miami Dolphins. Watkins has only suited up for five games in an injury-plagued season, but has proven to be a difference maker when healthy. With the Bills facing the New York Jets on Thursday Night Football in Week 10, Watkins presents an intriguing boom-or-bust fantasy option as he matches up against premier cornerback Darrelle Revis.

The Red Rifle keeps firing

There may be no player in the NFL with more critics than Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Andy Dalton. The fifth-year signal caller has had an up-and-down career that led many to question his poise under pressure and his viability as a long-term solution in Cincinnati. Now nine weeks into the 2015 season it appears those questions have been answered. Dalton’s three touchdown performance against the Browns this past Thursday puts him on pace for a career-high 4,452 yards and 36 scores. The Bengals will look to extend their record to a perfect 9-0 versus the Houston Texans on Monday Night Football. The time may have passed to buy low on Dalton, but owners can expect top-five production going forward.

Allen squared

Danny Woodhead’s big day With wide receiver Keenan Allen on Injured Reserve, San Diego Chargers running back Danny Woodhead assumed a larger role in the offence on Monday Night Football. Although the Chargers fell to the Bears in the final drive of the game, Woodhead’s shifty moves and pass-catching abilities kept the Chargers afloat through most of the contest. Woodhead rushed six times for 33 yards, and caught six passes for 78 yards and a touchdown. He should continue to see an expanded role in the offence when the Chargers emerge from their Week 10 bye.

Scrivener Creative Review
a, Campus Spotlight, Student Life

The Scrivener Creative Review reclaims its place in McGill’s literary heritage

The Scrivener Creative Review is no stranger to the literary giants of this generation. Established in 1980, the journal has published the works of writers such as Leonard Cohen, Michael Ondaatje, Margaret Atwood, Louis Dudek, and Seamus Heaney; and contemporary writers like Sheila Heti and Sean Michaels. As one of McGill’s oldest literary reviews, it has incorporated fiction, poetry, art, black and white photography, interviews, and book reviews, into its publications. Yet despite its legacy of famous contributors, Scrivener has found itself somewhat forgotten within McGill’s literary community.

“I don’t know how we got lost,” Natalie Coffen, U1 Arts and managing co-editor of Scrivener, said. “We’ve published interviews with or the works of authors who have won the Giller Prize and the Booker Prize [….While] we have published important Canadian literary figures, we also publish emerging young writers.”

Scrivener is currently undergoing a revamp in order to reclaim its relevancy both inside and outside of the McGill community. This year, they have forgone their online issue in order to focus on a bigger and better issue in print that will be published in colour—a first for Scrivener.

“We’re really trying to rebrand […] Scrivener, since a lot of people don’t know about it,” Coffen said. “[We want] to get the word out. Especially, because [there] is really good quality [content] in the journal, it’d be nice if more people read it.”

In addition to its print issue, Scrivener has created a new logo and has redesigned its website. This website will also soon feature scans of the review’s old issues. This is to make the content more accessible while also preserving it for generations to come.

Scrivener Creative Review Logo
(Photo courtesy of Scrivener Creative Review)

“[The revamp] is coming at a time when online platforms are taking precedence over print publications,” Coffen said. “We think Scrivener’s history gives us an edge that should be accessible to everyone."

Although the review undeniably still embraces its McGill roots, the group is working this year to create something that will engage more than just the McGill and Montreal community in their literary production and history. In fact, Zain Rashid Mian, U2 Arts and the other managing co-editor, stressed that what makes Scrivener different from other journals on campus is its submission process, which draws from more than just the McGill and Montreal community.

“We don’t just publish McGill stuff—we publish internationally as well, so anyone can submit to Scrivener,” Mian said. “We do try and make it include as many people from McGill and Montreal as possible, […] but it is nonetheless open to pretty much anybody from anywhere in the world.”

The team has also been coming up with new types of ideas to engage students who would otherwise not be interested in coming to literary events. On Nov. 11, Scrivener combined forces with McGill Improv for an event that incorporated improvisation and poetry in the same performance. Poets had the titles of their poems, which were then used as a prompt for performers.

“Poetry readings aren’t for everyone,” Coffen explained. “Sometimes you’re just sitting there and you can get a little bored hearing people read for 10 minutes—it can get a little dry. That’s why we tried to think of something that would make it more accessible to all McGill students.”

As the Scrivener Creative Review opens up its submission procedures, enhances the print publication, and widens its online presence to reach to as many readers as possible, it is hoping to find its footing again and uphold its legacy within the McGill literary community.

This article was upated on Nov. 16.

a, News, SSMU

SSMU GA fails to meet quorum

Quorum was not met at yesterday’s General Assembly (GA), held by the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU). With less than 100 attendees, no motions were brought forward from the floor that required voting.

The Winter 2015 and Fall 2014 GAs saw attendances of 550 and 700 students respectively. Kareem Ibrahim, SSMU president, commented on the low attendance of the GA, stating that promotional efforts were not prioritized.

“Admittedly, we could have done a better job of promoting,” Ibrahim said. “[With] the absence of the general manager and the [vice-president (VP)] internal and other tumultuous things in the SSMU office this year, we really had to put more emphasis on things that are very pressing.”

Ibrahim continued to mention that the abolition of the GA has been repeatedly discussed in past executive reports.

“People think that this forum is defunct; they don’t really think it serves its purpose and that the only time people actually show up is for specific issues,” Ibrahim said. “In terms of my thoughts, I think it’s on the table to have one annual GA per year.”

Ibrahim noted that more efforts would have been made to promote the GA had there been more pressing issues on the agenda.

“I’m not terribly upset that we didn’t meet quorum today because there wasn’t anything that we needed to get approved,” Ibrahim said. “If there were, I definitely would have put a much stronger effort into promoting this [….] With all the things that are on the table right now […] I don’t feel that as an executive, it would have been a wise way to spend [our] time to promote a GA where there’s nothing to approve.” 

Despite this, the GA agenda was approved and continued as planned.

Frosh and 4Floors 

VP Finance and Operations, Zacheriah Houston, stated in his executive report that in terms of finances, the planning and execution of Frosh went well.

“Frosh […] took up a lot of time, and this year, we ran things a little differently,” Houston said. “I was a lot more involved with the VP Internal and [Integrated Orientation Committee (IOC)] in terms of planning Frosh,” Houston said. “We don’t have the final numbers yet—we’re still waiting on the invoices from McGill—but it looks like Frosh is going to be a balanced budget.”

Houston also stated that 4Floors did not sell out this year, resulting in an overall deficit for the event.

“[4Floors] went pretty well in terms of finances, until we didn’t sell out,” Houston said. “We were able to cut a lot of expenses, but at the end of the day 4Floors ran a deficit. Unfortunately, I don’t have the number yet, but it looks like 4Floors lost probably two to $4,000.”

VP External Emily Boytinck also mentioned in her report that 4Floors had low ticket sales. François-Paul Truc, U3 Science, asked Boytinck to elaborate on the reasons that the event ran over-budget.

“We started [planning] a little bit later this year,” Boytnick said. “It took us […] longer to pick the theme and get the event up [….] We also switched to online ticket sales this year [.…] We thought […] that this was a great idea—that the line was going to go away and that this would be so much more convenient for students. But we realized that the line itself was a major form of promotion, and so we found that the online ticket sales […] lost the urgency.”

Despite not staying within budget, Boytinck expressed that the event was a success overall.

“We ended up selling about 600 [tickets, when] last year, they sold about 900,” Boyntick said. “So it’s unfortunate that we didn’t […] sell out, but I still think that everyone who came had a great time and [the] equity complaints were zero.  There were [also] no issues with [McGill Student Emergency Response Team] M-SERT. It was in general a very positive event even if it was less attended.”

Fall reading week 

VP University Affairs, Chloe Rourke, stated in her report that a possible change to the academic calendar to include a Fall reading week would not be made for several years.

“A survey was sent out to all undergraduate students last winter, and it came back that 71 per cent of students were in favour of Fall reading week, and the majority preferred a five-day break in conjunction with Canadian Thanksgiving,” Rourke said. “So, that’s something that we’ll really be pushing for this year, and hopefully we’ll have it implemented by 2017-2018.”

Rourke expressed uncertainty over the timeline of incorporating the new reading week. 

[It is] still to be determined if it can be [implemented] that early,” Rourke said. “That’s the nature of university—that things are often very slow-moving and decisions are often made about the academic calendar very far in advance.”

Proposal to restructure the SSMU executive committee

The GA concluded with a discussion on the expanding roles of SSMU executives and the need for restructuring within the SSMU executive committee. According to Ibrahim’s report, one of the ideas for change would be the addition of a seventh SSMU executive position. 

Lauren Toccalino, U3 Music, inquired how the creation of new executive positions would affect the budget.

“It is unlikely that the executive salaries would be affected, because they already make […] about five to six dollars an hour, if you divide the actual work they do by their salaries,” Houston said. “I was asked at Council if we could afford to pay a seventh executive, and the answer is certainly yes; the money is there if you want to start cutting other departments. It becomes a question of priorities, and at this point in time, I am not confident in saying that we can pay a seventh executive the salary that we pay executives now without significant cuts that would affect the services that we provide to our members.”

Zack Kassian
a, Behind the Bench, Hockey

The NHL has a character crisis

“Character” and “leadership” are terms thrown around a lot in professional hockey. Hockey culture expects players to fit into a specific mold of physical and mental toughness, applauding those who play through pain and injuries. Unfortunately, these expectations can condone violent, harmful behaviour while castigating players for things outside of their control. It’s becoming increasingly clear that the NHL doesn’t have a clue what good character is. 

“I’m not sure for us there is any need for any code of conduct other than our players, who overwhelmingly conduct themselves magnificently off the ice,” NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman said in a press conference last October. “We deal with it on a case-by-case basis. I don’t think we need to formalize anything more. Our players know what’s right and wrong.”

Recent events, however, contradict Bettman’s statement. In an interview with newspaper Södertälje this off-season, Toronto Maple Leafs prospect Viktor Lööv said that, “In the NHL, there is a lot of cocaine […] if you have money ,you probably have easy access.” A couple weeks later, NHL Deputy Commissioner Bill Daly admitted that cocaine use is on the rise in the league; New York Rangers centre Jarrett Stoll was charged for cocaine possession in April. Former Los Angeles Kings centre Mike Richards was arrested at the Canadian border for possession of oxycodone in June. Ryan O’Reilly, centre for the Buffalo Sabres, drunkenly drove his car into a Tim Horton’s in July. Most recently, Montreal Canadiens winger Zack Kassian was involved in a car crash and admitted into Stage Two of the NHL Players Association’s Substance Abuse and Behavioral Health Program. In the aftermath, Habs General Manager (GM) Marc Bergevin said that Kassian showed a “lack of character” when talking about the car accident.

The media in particular like to use “character” to explain team success or failure. Prior to last season, for example, many were quick to praise the Los Angeles Kings for their great leadership. That was before defenceman Slava Voynov was arrested after hitting his wife at a team party. Following this, he was allowed to skate with the team while still being investigated by Los Angeles police for domestic violence. They said the same things about the Chicago Blackhawks—but that was before the Buffalo police investigated winger Patrick Kane for sexual assault; Kane was welcomed back into the team with open arms, even before the investigation ended.

In contrast, players like Evander Kane of the Buffalo Sabres and Phil Kessel of the Pittsburgh Penguins have had their character questioned by media for years. Evander was blasted for posting a picture of himself posing with a large stack of money in Las Vegas during the lockout. Kessel was called lazy and out of shape when he played for the Toronto Maple Leafs by the press for years because he doesn’t have the physique you’d expect of a world class athlete. He was called a ‘locker room cancer’ because he wasn’t able to turn the Leafs into a good team on his own.

This is what these words really boil down to: Teams that win have good character and leadership, and teams that lose don’t. It’s not surprising that the criticism of Evander and Kessel came when they were playing for awful teams in Winnipeg and Toronto. It’s a shallow definition that puts winning above all else.

Kings GM Dean Lombardi said that Richards’ substance abuse problems were “traumatic”—for Lombardi. Lombardi ended up using Richards’ arrest to justify terminating one of the worst contracts in the league. Meanwhile, O’Reilly, a first-line centre in Buffalo, does not seem to have faced any consequences for his drunk driving. The way teams and the league respond to substance abuse and addiction should not depend on how skilled a hockey player is. 

It’s become clear that the league’s attitude of valuing wins above all else needs to change. The term “character” has become worse than meaningless—its used to condone and encourage harmful behaviour from hockey players. 

In the year since Bettman’s comments, multiple players have been accused and/or convicted of crimes against women. Multiple players have run into problems with substance abuse. GMs have been unequipped with handling either situation, seemingly unconcerned with crimes like sexual assault and domestic violence, missing the point when it comes to issues of substance abuse and addiction. The NHL needs to do better.

a, Opinion

Why Demilitarize McGill should embrace Remembrance Day

As Remembrance Day approaches, Demilitarize McGill has once again been causing controversy on campus. This year, the group announced a campaign called #RememberThis, which calls for McGill students to physically disrupt or deface sites on campus that memorialize war. Their announcement has sparked both debate and outrage on social media, reminiscent of the backlash that emerged after the group’s silent protest at McGill’s Remembrance Day ceremony last year.

While the group’s controversial actions have helped it to garner more attention, the radical steps that Demilitarize McGill has undertaken in the past has discredited its movement by making its message less clear, and this has harmed the group’s relationship with the student body. However, in order to better engage the McGill community to support its cause of ending the university’s involvement with the military, Demilitarize McGill should take a cooperative rather than combative stance towards Remembrance Day.

Remembrance Day is when students are most likely to think about Canada’s role in global conflicts, as the nation takes the time to reflect on the horrors of war. Unfortunately, Demilitarize McGill holds a firm belief that the commemorations serve to glorify warfare; however, the fundamental purpose of the day is to solemnly honour fallen soldiers and reflect on the sacrifices that they made. If anything, there is a strong link between this message and the movement’s overarching mission of encouraging peace and pacifism. If Demilitarize McGill feels that Remembrance Day at McGill is wrongly focused on celebrating Canada’s military, the group should make a cooperative attempt to shift the conversation towards memorializing the victims of war, and remembering the lives that were lost to ultimately end conflicts.

There is an important distinction to be made between joining a dialogue and attempting to dismantle it.

Discussions about the atrocities and horrors of war­—such as the loss of Canadians' lives in the Battle of Passchendaele during the First World War—can set up a valuable emotional foundation for Demilitarize McGill to share its stance about current world conflicts and why it believes the university should not be complicit in the development of military research.

While it could be argued that the group is already contributing to the conversation through protests and conferences, there is an important distinction to be made between joining a dialogue and attempting to dismantle it. The difference was best seen in the wake of its protest of the 2014 Remembrance Day ceremony. While the group raised valid points about some of the negative aspects of Canada’s military history, mainly by presenting facts about the rate of sexual assaults and torture committed in the army, these were not presented in a constructive manner because the context in which they were acting overshadowed their message. It was clear that the group intended to disrupt an inherently peaceful event; therefore, the resulting polarization of the conversation made it nearly impossible for McGill students to take part in the group’s message and naturally integrate it into a constructive conversation about war and Remembrance Day. Instead, Demilitarize McGill’s social media pages were flooded by hate comments and kneejerk responses.

Remembrance Day has a place for a wide spectrum of voices and sentiments. This is perhaps best illustrated by the usage of the white poppy, which is worn by some pacifists as an alternative to the traditional red poppy. The white poppy is a poignant yet respectful way for individuals who are strongly against warfare to display their condolences for the human sacrifices while expressing an alternative perspective on Remembrance Day. Demilitarize McGill should take approaches such as this to creatively express their stance alongside the tradition of Remembrance Day.

Regardless of the organization’s actions and the image it has built on campus in the past, there is potential to generate empathy and even support for Demilitarize McGill’s mission and overarching mindset. Moving forward, the group must find ways to engage students in a way that does not take away from the traditions of Remembrance Day, but instead builds on them.

 

 

Albert Park is a U2 student in Microbiology and Immunology. He is passionate about world issues and has been a volunteer with the Canadian Red Cross for 5 years

 

 

 

 

 

a, Features

Student/Soldier: The Experience of Students in the Military

At McGill, Remembrance Day creates a tense atmosphere. Social media wars are waged on whether disrespect is justified in combating revisionism and oppression. We discuss the glorification of war, selective memory, profiteering, and imperialism. It’s a politicized holiday on campus: There is a group of decorated old men on Lower Field with their hands clasped behind their backs, there’s a helicopter or two chopping above, and there’s a silent Demilitarize McGill protest crowded around the Redpath Museum steps. It’s a controversial time for a reason. The Canadian Armed Forces have a well-documented track record of colonialist violence, sexual assault, and xenophobia. Demilitarize McGill touched on this in a statement issued in advance of last year’s ceremony: “Remembrance Day […] is an exercise in selective memory, organized to enforce the forgetting of any element of war that conflicts with the story the Canadian state wants to tell about itself,” the statement reads. But while it is human nature to reduce debates down to ideals—and to view an issue as the sum of its parts—it gets dicey when the concept at the core becomes divorced from reality. And that’s exactly what has happened over the past few years. The military is seen as an amorphous entity that diminishes the individuality of soldiers within it. In some ways, it’s like pointing fingers at Goldman Sachs employees for the Great Recession—the fundamental outrage is often so great that it can obscure the fact that at its base, a corporation is made of up thousands of complex people to whom the pitfalls of deregulation and Western capitalist

society only make up a tiny sliver what they think about every day. 

People forget that for those in the military, being a soldier is just one aspect of their identity. The label is filled with assumptions and stereotypes, all of which overpower other essential aspects that make up an individual’s identity. 

Master Corporal Jonathan Carson graduated from McGill in 2014 with a B.A. in History and Political Science, and is currently attached to the third battalion of the Canadian Royal 22e Regiment while he waits to be deployed on a tour to the Ukraine to advise the Ukrainian Armed Forces on combined arms. He joined the reserves on a whim after his first year at McGill. 

“I just kind of decided it was something I might be interested [in],” Carson said. “I was overwhelmed with how much [of university] was theoretical—none of it struck me as being particularly grounded. I […] wanted to do something that I thought was real and concrete.”

According to Carson, one of the biggest myths surrounding the military is that every soldier joins the forces out of some sense of patriotic duty. A big factor for Carson’s decision to join the military was simply that he needed a job. When he first signed on, he thought of it as a better alternative to working at the bookstore or in some café. 

“A lot of people seemed shocked that I got paid to be in the army,” he said. “We all get a salary.”

On the other hand, Adam Templer, U3 Political Science, remembers wanting to be in the military since high school. The Hamilton, Ontario native tried for four years to apply through the Regular Officer Training Plan (ROTP), which pays for tuition and living costs in exchange for service time. 

“Coming from a single-parent home, and not being very well off economically […] I didn’t think I had that many options so I decided that the military would be a good way to do something with my life with limited prospects,” Templer said. 

After facing several roadblocks in his ROTP application, Templer ended up joining as a reserve following third year through the Black Watch Regiment on Rue de Bleury just south of Rue Sherbrooke. As a reservist, he trains every Tuesday night from 7 to 10 p.m., and boot camps are typically held in the summer, which leaves him plenty of time for his studies and other commitments. In his time at McGill, Templer has served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Political Bouillon, a university commentary journal on international politics, and he is currently an Arts Representative to the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU). 

Templer wants to pursue law school at McGill after he graduates, and plans on remaining in the military with the hopes of becoming an officer in his regiment. While he has never been uncomfortable walking to his regiment in uniform, and all his friends know that he is on the reserves, he has at times felt hesitant to open up about that part of his identity. 

“I don’t really tell students that I’m in the military, partly because of the politics on campus,” Templer said. “In my capacity as an Arts representative, it’s always kind of been on my mind that if […] it was more widely known, […] would [I] still be as welcome in some of the circles that I have been?”

When Carson was a student at McGill, he also struggled with the assumptions people would make about his identity when they found out he was in the military. 

“I was in [a] Canadian foreign policy [class] one year and I brought up that I was in the army, and I found that any time anything military came up, I was the go-to person,” he said. “I didn’t want to be pigeonholed as ‘the military guy’ in classes or on campus.”

Master Corporal Eric Washburn stopped attending Vanier College in 2008 to join the Royal Canadian Regiment as an infantryman, and was deployed overseas in Afghanistan two years later as a machine gunner. After four years of service, having to revert to being a student to finish up his CEGEP degree was an unsettling experience. 

“As a 24-year-old veteran of the combat in Afghanistan sitting in a classroom full of 17-year-olds—it was quite intense to say the least,” Washburn said. “I was not ready for that.”

Washburn, who joined the Canadian Grenadier Guards—located in Montreal—as a reservist after returning from Afghanistan, is now in his second year 

a, Science & Technology

Toying with our brains: How are optical illusions interpreted?

The human brain is an extremely complex organ that is the integrating and processing centre of the body. It helps people recognize faces, remember complex formulae, and produce emotions. Many of these reactions rely on the brain’s ability to correctly process information through its visual system. As intelligent as the brain may be, under the right conditions, it can still be tricked.

The eyes can be thought of as a satellite that receives visual information from the environment and transmits this data to the brain, like a television receiver. To do this, the eye processes in visual data through specialized light-sensitive cells called rods and cones which are located on the back of the eye—the retina. This information is then sent to the brain through a mass of cells that form the optic nerve. Most of the cells of the optic nerve transmit information to a structure in the brain known as the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), which then relays information to the visual cortex at the back of the brain, known as the occipital lobe. This is where the brain processes the information that had been taken in from the eyes. 

Despite this, the visual cortex can be tricked into ‘seeing’ something different from what the eyes actually ‘see,’ explained McGill Associate Professor Erik Cook from the Department of Neuroscience, whose research focuses on how neural activity underlies conscious visual perception.

“Over millions of years, our visual system evolved in an environment that was pretty stable,” Cook explained. “So it sort of cheats, takes advantage of the prior knowledge of the system, and takes shortcuts. What a visual illusion [really] is, is an image that the visual system was not designed to see; when it tries to take shortcuts, it fails. [This] reveals the algorithms the brain is trying to use.”

In photo one, it seems that the wheels are rotating, even though they actually are not. This geometric illusion—known as the Rotating Snakes Illusion—was developed by Kitaoka Akiyoshi. 

Illusions like this one work because the visual cortex is fooled into believing something that isn’t actually happening—like the wheels moving—is happening. 

“The first thing to notice about ‘Rotating Snakes’ is that the motion grinds to a halt if you stare at just one part of the image,” explained vision scientist and SUNY College of Optometry Professor Ben Backus in an interview with NPR. “On the other hand, it keeps going if you keep looking around.” 

This can be explained by how the eye moves under special conditions. Small and quick changes in the eye’s position, known as saccades, causes neurons to start rapidly firing. This overwhelms the visual cortex, making the wheels appear to be in motion. 

“As your eye moves, it is the particular pattern on the page that stimulates motion sensitive detector cells in your brain [which] are in the cortex,” explained Professor Frederick Kingdom from the Department of Ophthalmology. “It tricks those cells into thinking that this is movement. The cell doesn’t care where it’s activation comes from. When it’s activated, [it thinks] that there’s movement.”

Photo 2 (thebrain.mcgill.ca)
Photo 2 (thebrain.mcgill.ca)

In photo two, the brain interprets the circles as spheres coming out of the page or going into the page. This is because the visual system uses light to interpret the position and space of objects. The brain is conditioned to expect light from a single source, shining down from above (like the sun). This leads it to believe that these shading patterns could only have been caused by light shining down on the sloping sides of a dome—coming out—or the bottom of a hole—going in. Though the shape is drawn on a flat piece of paper, the brain automatically interprets it as a 3-D object, because of the shading.

Moreover, cells within the visual system can fill in the breaks in lines or shapes—without any other input—using the assumption that an object belongs there.

Photo 3: Optical illusions have been designed to trick the brain’s visual system. (wikimedia.org)
Photo 3: Optical illusions have been designed to trick the brain’s visual system. (wikimedia.org)
For example, in photo three, a person will perceive two triangles, though only one is drawn—an illusion known as the Kanizsa triangle.  

“There are different ideas about the Kanizsa triangle,” Kingdom explained. “One is that the ‘pac-men’ [shapes] stimulate a triangle detector in your brain.”

Essentially, there are specialized cells in the brain that selectively detect shapes. These cells are found in the infra-temporal cortex, which is also in the recognition of familiar things like faces, objects. 

“Some of these cells might be being stimulated by the Kanizsa Triangle [to create that illusion],” Kingdom said.

However, other theories have been presented.

“[When] your brain sees something with corners, it tries to fill in what would be there to produce such a pattern,” Cook explained. “You see corners all the time and corners correspond to edges. [The brain thinks] since there’s corners here, there must be some kind of object. ”

To survive, humans have been hard-wired to trust their instincts. But in the modern world, there can be more than meets the eye, and an understanding of the brain’s circuits can lead to the manipulation of these inate responses. 

 

a, Know Your Athlete, Men's Varsity

Know your athlete: Redmen Swimmer Kade Wist

Kade Wist is 17-years-old but, contrary to Ray Bradbury’s quote, he is not “17 and crazy.” In fact, Wist exudes maturity beyond the levels of most upper-year university students. A freshman for the Redmen swimming team, Wist competes in both the butterfly and free-style. Between the two strokes, he’s already won seven gold medals in his first three RSEQ meets. He just started racing free-style about a year ago and is quick to explain that picking up the free is easy if you already swim the fly. 

Wist, a Calgary native, is the youngest swimmer in the RSEQ. He doesn’t turn 18 until June—he skipped second grade—but being so far from home at a big school in a big city doesn’t faze him in the slightest.

“I have an apartment with a guy on the team,” Wist explained. “He’s a first year, but he’s from Quebec, so he’s 20. So [with me being 17], it balances it out.” 

Apartment living isn’t without challenges though. 

“We didn’t have bagged milk in Calgary!” Wist exclaimed. “I hate it so much. I always pour [milk] into my cereal and the bag just falls out!”

Albeit 17, Wist shrugs off his age as a minor issue. He’s too young to legally go to bars in Montreal, but the vibrancy of the city is part of what drew him to McGill. He says that spending time with his team is his favourite way to relax.

“The team is really good [about my age],” he said. “We joke about it and do things that I can be included in as well. There’s another 17-year-old on the team […] we get along so well. We just all hang out in the library.”

Wist credits the laid-back and inclusive nature of McGill’s swim team as what largely edged out UBC and the University of Calgary during his recruiting process. He also cites his mom, McGill Sports Hall of Famer and Canadian Olympian Andrea Nugent, as a huge influence in his life—especially when he first started swimming.

“Starting up, she had a really big influence,” Wist described. “In grade nine I decided to swim year-round and she was really supportive, but at the same time she doesn’t try to coach me at all.”

Even though Nugent was a McGill swimmer, she did not pressure Wist into picking McGill for his post-secondary career. Wist and his mother discussed gap years, the merits of different schools, and different swim programs. Ultimately, Wist explained, his mom took on the role of a conscientious mother in his decision process, as opposed to pressuring him to go to her alma mater. He smiled fondly when he remembers how his mom expected him to give a list of reasons why McGill was the right school and swimming program for him before she gave her blessing.

As for future plans, Wist is still fairly unsure. He remembers first seeing his mom’s Olympic medal.

“I want one of those one day,” he thought.

Wist enjoys his economics classes, so he thinks he’ll major in that. He might not know what he wants to do after McGill, but he has the next four years to think it through. Besides, Wist gives the impression that he’s firmly rooted in the present—enjoying his studies, Montreal, and just being one of the guys on the team.

 

McGill Tribune (MT): If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you live?

Kade Wist (KW): Probably Greece. I remember watching the movie Mamma Mia (laughs), and it’s just so beautiful.

 

MT: What was the last movie you saw?

KW: The Wolf of Wall Street. I loved it.

 

MT: Do you have any pets?

KW: I have a cat and a dog. The dog’s named Misty and the cat’s Coebo.

MT: Do you have a favourite?

KW: Definitely the cat. He’s just solid black so I always just thought that was really lucky.

 

MT: What’s the worst nickname someone’s given you?

KW: Probably “Baby Kade.” It started on my recruiting trip when [the swim team] figured out I was only 16 at the time, and they were like, “God, you’re so young!” And it stuck.

 

MT: What’s the most embarrassing song on your iPod?

KW: Probably my favourite song, actually. It’s “Party in the USA” by Miley Cyrus. 

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