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Research Briefs, Science & Technology

‘Not enough:’ How racial invalidation impacts the mental health of multiracial individuals

by Michelle Yankovsky on

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Despite facing unique forms of discrimination, multiracial people remain largely overlooked in research on the intersection of racism and mental health. Multiracial people not only experience racism from strangers, but also from within their own families—a phenomenon known as intrafamilial racism. This, in turn, is a risk factor for poorer mental health outcomes.

In a recent study published in Race and Social Problems, N. Keita Christophe, assistant professor in McGill’s Department of Psychology and principal investigator of the Cultural Developmental Science Lab, examined how biracial individuals experience racial identity invalidation—the experience of having one’s racial identity denied. While previous research has focused on racial invalidation in public settings, this study looked inward to examine how these dynamics unfold in family circles. 

“Multiracial people are the fastest growing ethnic group in North America, and they’re already making up 10 to 15 per cent of the under 18 population,” Christophe said in an interview with The Tribune. “But at least in the type of stuff that I do, they make up one to three per cent of research, so I think there is a big gap.”

Christophe found that racial identity invalidation within families was not necessarily more or less common in certain types of families; rather, the difference lies in how discrimination between family members presents itself.

“For multiracial folks interacting with people of colour (POC), I think there’s kind of those invalidation comments around them not being X enough, like ‘you’re not Black enough’ or ‘you’re not Asian enough,’ and denying membership into that [POC] identity,” Christophe said. “Whereas from white family members, it tends to be more around being a [POC]. So because of skin tone, you already feel like you won’t be accepted or you’re not similar to white people, even though you have some of that heritage.”

The study found that nearly half of the 383 biracial adults surveyed reported experiencing racial identity invalidation from at least one family member. Those who experienced invalidation reported lower self-esteem and higher social anxiety, highlighting how experiences of discrimination can lead to increased mental health risks.

Christophe emphasized that although multiracial individuals share similarities with other racialized individuals in their experiences of discrimination, they differ in who they endure discrimination from.

“The difference is that they might also be more likely to experience discrimination from the groups to which they belong, such as from those POC groups to which they belong.”

Chrisptophe also highlighted how intersectional oppression plays into this phenomenon, where different axes of identity—race, gender, socioeconomic status, and sexuality—interact to create unique social positionalities for different people.

“Multiracial people also have intersectionality [within the element] of race,” Christophe said. “This kind of violates some longstanding notions of race as a binary [principle] and mutually exclusive category.”

Multiracial individuals often feel a stronger sense of connectedness or belonging to one group over another, and Christophe points out how these varying factors are worth investigating. 

“[Some multiracial individuals] really identify a lot more strongly with one group over the other just because of how they look. They may be white or Black presenting, [cases in which] people wouldn’t clock them as being multiracial,” Christophe explained. “However, some multiracial people feel very comfortable with all of the different backgrounds that they are [a part of].”

Overall, Christophe aims to highlight multiracial individuals’ resilience in their experiences and how their identity can bring many unique and positive experiences.

“Just because there’s more complexity in the multiracial experience living in our racially charged society, doesn’t mean that being multiracial is bad. A lot of people have really positive senses of self and feel a lot of pride in their identity and experience really good mental health,” Christophe noted.

As the gap between the rapidly growing population of multiracial individuals and their underrepresentation in research grows, studies such as Christophe’s call attention to the importance of addressing the unique experiences multiracial communities face.

Arts & Entertainment, Film and TV

Racial representation is missing from the world’s most beloved rom-coms

by Julia Lok on

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When people think about popular, treasured romantic comedies, a few titles immediately come to mind: 10 Things I Hate About You, When Harry Met Sally, Love Actually, and 13 Going on 30. These films continue to dominate conversations about classic love stories and remain some of the most beloved in the industry. They make us laugh while giving insight into relationships, which transform into life lessons. But what do they—and most rom-coms—have in common? They primarily centre white leads and white storylines as the face of love, reinforcing the idea that they are the standard for romantic narratives. Some films completely lack diverse racial representation, and when there is representation, Black characters are confined to supporting roles, often reinforcing stereotypes.

In North America alone, over the last 31 years, the rom-com genre has brought in $11.7 billion USD. This widespread popularity emphasizes the influence of their message—who is represented and who is not—leaving a majority of viewers underrepresented. In 2024, white actors occupied 74.7 per cent of top roles in films, while Black actors only made up 10.7 per cent of these leading roles. This is even more striking considering that a study conducted in 2025 found that the majority of movie-goers are BIPOC. 

The rom-coms that do include Black representation often reduce characters to caricatures like ‘The Black Best Friend,’ an attempt for productions to seem inclusive by diversifying the cast and narrative structure while still pushing a white-centric storyline. Take Gabrielle Union’s role as Chastity Church in 10 Things I Hate About You, the best friend of co-lead Bianca Stratford (Larisa Oleynik). At the end of the film, Chastity is villainized, whereas Bianca experiences a positive character arc. It is not a coincidence that Chastity is one of the only Black characters in the film. 

Alongside her is Daryl Mitchell’s Mr. Morgan, the film’s Black English teacher. He is depicted as the ‘sassy’ Black character—another common cliche in film. Unlike Chastity, Mr. Morgan has the authority to be adored for his actions rather than villainized.

10 Things I Hate About You also exemplifies how passive inclusion of Black characters in the cast doesn’t qualify as authentic representation. Most of the Black representation exists as harmful stereotypes or underlying negligence of the Black character. Even when films highlight Black love stories, there’s often a condition of trauma or social struggle that affects the storyline. It’s uncommon that the industry shows Black couples experiencing love without hardship. To combat this industry-wide ignorance, fully developing Black characters in narratives and casting more Black actors in film and TV will address the film industry’s representational needs. Diversity isn’t a difficult feat to achieve; it simply requires active effort.

Black-led rom-coms do exist. However, they simply aren’t as popularized. Brown Sugar, Love and Basketball, and Love Jones are all fan favourites centering Black couples. But if we look at the worldwide box office earnings, How To Lose a Guy in 10 Days made over $178 million USD,  whereas Brown Sugar, released a year before, made only a little over $28 million USD. This large difference in earnings illustrates how Black rom-coms are simply not prioritized in the film industry. White is the default of the majority of films, and it is what’s constantly advertised to consumers worldwide. Meanwhile, Black rom-coms are typically only marketed to Black people. There’s an imbalance in the distribution system that favours white narratives. 

Rom-coms are essential to modern-day pop culture. They provide comfort and hopeful love stories that shape our views on relationships. As such, these movies must go beyond telling the story of white characters and seek more racial diversity in their leads and storylines. Cast diversity is still lacking in Hollywood, and there remains a lack of care when writing non-white characters. 

BIPOC representation matters because BIPOC matter; representation isn’t simply a character on screen, it is a different outlook on life, one where individuals from marginalized communities deserve to be appreciated, seen, and loved. Seeing someone who looks like you on the silver screen validates your lived experience, which is why representation matters. 

Science & Technology, Student Research

Started vaping to stop smoking? This medication may help you quit both

by José Moro Gutiérrez on

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Electronic cigarette usage has increased rapidly in recent years, with global estimates surpassing 100 million users. As vaping continues to grow in popularity, physicians and public health researchers are facing a difficult question: How should people quit a habit for which there is virtually no medical treatment consensus? A new clinical research review suggests the answer may already exist.

Tamila Varyvoda, a first-year student in McGill’s Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, found that varenicline—a medication prescribed to help people stop smoking cigarettes—may also help users quit vaping. The drug appears safe and potentially effective, though scientists emphasize that evidence is still developing.

Although vaping is often marketed as a safer alternative to smoking, it still administers nicotine, a substance that creates addiction by stimulating reward pathways in the brain. Despite growing concerns about its effects, there are no medications specifically approved to treat vaping dependency.

“Historically, teenagers were introduced to nicotine through cigarettes,” Varyvoda said in an interview with The Tribune. “Now that’s no longer the case. The first thing many young people try is vaping. When I was in CEGEP, there was literally an entrance where everyone would stand and vape. Seeing that made it clear that if we’re going to help people quit nicotine addiction, we need treatments designed for this new reality [….] If there’s a time we need treatments to help people quit, it’s now.” 

Researchers are intrigued by varenicline because, although it is typically used to help cigarette smokers quit, it is suspected that the medication could work for e-cigarette users as well. Varenicline targets the same brain receptors as nicotine, partially stimulating the receptor while blocking nicotine’s full effect, and thus maintaining a moderate dopamine release that reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms. 

To investigate this hypothesis, Varyvoda conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, combining the results of three randomized controlled trials conducted between 2023 and 2025 in Europe and the United States.

Across those trials, 178 participants received varenicline while 177 received a placebo. Participants ranged in age from roughly their early twenties to mid-fifties, and about half were male. Treatments lasted between eight and 12 weeks, and participants were followed for up to 24 weeks. In addition to medication, many participants also received behavioural support such as counselling sessions or text-based quitting programs.

Researchers measured success primarily by whether participants stopped vaping. Results showed that people taking varenicline were estimated to be about twice as likely to achieve abstinence as those receiving a placebo, although the limited sample size prevented any statistical significance.

“We couldn’t say, in good conscience, that varenicline was definitively effective yet,” Varyvoda explained. “Two of the trials showed clear benefits, but a smaller pilot study was inconclusive, which widened the confidence interval. Larger studies with longer follow-ups will likely clarify the effect, but right now the evidence points in a promising direction rather than a final answer.” 

Stronger evidence appeared in secondary measures. Participants using varenicline were more than twice as likely to report not vaping within the previous week, both at the end of treatment and during follow-ups. In two of the trials, continuous abstinence rates reached roughly 40 to 51 per cent in the varenicline groups compared to about 14 to 20 per cent in placebo groups at the end of treatment and remained higher months later. 

Safety findings were reassuring as well. Serious adverse reactions occurred in zero to three per cent of participants. The most reported side effects included nausea, insomnia, and vivid dreams, which were typically mild and temporary. Overall, the drug did not produce a higher rate of serious complications compared to the placebo.

Varyvoda reiterated that evidence remains limited. With only three trials available, and one involving only 40 participants, the results are not necessarily conclusive. Differences in treatment length and how quitting was measured also reduced certainty in the findings. In any case, Varyvoda reminds us that quitting nicotine is a path worth pursuing.

“It’s never too late to take care of your health,” Varyvoda said. “Quitting nicotine is difficult, but the body can recover, and it’s always worth trying.”

Sports, Varsity Round UP

McGill varsity sports roundup

by Zain Ahmed on

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This past week delivered a wide array of results for McGill’s Redbirds and Martlets, with overtime heartbreak, senior celebrations, and a tough road loss setting the stage for the upcoming Winter semester regular season finales. From volleyball victory to hockey hurt, McGill teams battled across multiple venues as they prepared for their respective playoff pushes.

The Martlets Volleyball team banded together for a dramatic 3–2 victory over the École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS) Piranhas on Feb. 8 at Love Competition Hall. The match marked the squad’s first five-setter of the season, with McGill prevailing 25-17, 25-15, 21-25, 19-25, 15-10.

Emma Waskiewicz recorded a match-high 16 kills while Selima Guidara dished out 38 assists in what proved to be a fitting home finale for the program’s graduating players. Seniors Guidara and Emilia Grigorova were fondly celebrated in a post-game ceremony following their final match at Love Competition Hall.

The victory lifted the young and slightly rebuilt Martlets squad to 7–13 on the season and snapped a six-match losing streak. McGill then travelled to Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), suffering a 2-3 defeat on Thursday before moving forward to wrap up the regular season against Laval University on Valentine’s Day, where they unfortunately fell short 1-3 against a relentless opposition.

Redbirds Hockey persisted through a difficult week on the road, dropping both of their games by painfully narrow margins. After a thrilling 3-2 overtime victory over the Queen’s University  Gaels on Feb. 6, McGill unfortunately could not build and maintain its positive momentum in its subsequent matchups.

The week began with a heartbreaking 4-3 overtime loss to cross-town rival, the Concordia University Stingers, in the Corey Cup showdown on Feb. 7 at the Ed Meagher Arena. After battling back from a 2-0 deficit to take a 3-2 lead in the third period on Mathieu Gagnon’s goal, the Redbirds saw Concordia equalize and eventually prevail when captain Simon Lavigne scored on a breakaway in overtime.

The struggles continued Wednesday night with a 5-4 loss at Carleton University, leaving McGill with a 16–8–2 record leading up to their regular season finale. The Redbirds hosted the Ottawa University Gee-Gees on Valentine’s Day at the McConnell Arena in a dominant 4-0 victory in what was their final regular-season tilt before the OUA playoffs begin next week.

Bouncing over to basketball, the Martlets Basketball team suffered a disappointing 56-53 loss to the Bishop’s University Gaiters on Feb. 5 at Mitchell Gym, as a dominant second quarter from the Gaiters proved decisive. After leading 16-9 following the opening frame, McGill was outscored 23-12 in the second quarter, turning a seven-point advantage into a six-point halftime deficit they could never fully erase.

Emilia Diaz-Ruiz, still recovering from injury, paced McGill with 16 points and nine rebounds in 20 minutes off the bench. Lily Rose Chatila added 13 points and Daniella Mbengo contributed 12, but the Martlets struggled from beyond the arc, converting a faltering four of 20 three-point attempts.

The loss snapped McGill’s three-game winning streak and dropped them to 9–4, slipping into second place in the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ) standings behind Laval University. However, a hard-fought victory in the late stages of their home win against Concordia (57-52) shifted their momentum heading into the last two games of the season against Laval and L’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM). That being said, a comfortable first-seeded Laval team fought off the McGill momentum in Quebec City to close out another 57-52 victory, securing their spot at the top of the rankings for the season. The Martlets, currently holding third place in the league, will be determined to secure a victory in their last game of the season.

As Redbirds and Martlets compete on home ice and courts in what is shaping up to be a bitter winter, a high-stakes playoff season looms ahead, giving the regular season finales added significance across all McGill programs. Teams will look to build momentum heading into the postseason, with strong performances serving as crucial confidence boosters before the stakes rise even higher. For McGill athletics, February has delivered its fair share of drama, but the most important games have yet to come.

Arts & Entertainment, Theatre

The McGill Classics Play brings a chilling new ‘Antigone’ into the modern world

by Dylan Hing on

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Sophocles is having a moment. The Ancient Greek playwright may be well over two millennia old, but his plays are seeing new life; his famed Oedipus Rex was recently adapted for an acclaimed Broadway run, and, here at McGill, his terrifying Antigone could not have been a more fitting choice for this year’s Classics Play.

Antigone, chronologically the last of Sophocles’s three Theban plays, culminates the story chronicled in Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at Colonus. In a move to modernize the work, translator Adam Zanin, adapter Caroline Little and director Madelyn Mackintosh set this production in the 1930s, on the heels of European fascism.

Starring Anelia Stanek, U2 Arts, as the eponymous daughter of Oedipus, the tragedy follows the rise of Oedipus’s advisor, Creon (Nikhil Girard, U3 Arts), to the throne of the city of Thebes after a violent civil war. His first act is to honour the fallen Eteocles, brother of Antigone, who fought to protect Thebes against their rebellious brother Polynices. For his treason, however, Creon denies the latter traditional Greek burial rites. The play’s conflict surrounds Antigone’s choice to bury her brother in spite of the edict.

Antigone’s actions create a storm in Thebes: Her sister, Ismene (Neela Perceval-Maxwell, U1 Arts), disagrees with her, fearful of Creon’s wrath. It can be easy to scorn her as cowardly, but in an interview with The Tribune, Mackintosh provided a more sympathetic perspective on the character.

“Most of us, maybe, would like to be Antigone but are Ismene, and would not necessarily accept execution, even for the strongest principles,” Mackintosh said. “But I don’t think that makes Ismene or anyone else weak […] and I don’t think it’s a responsibility to all be martyrs, or to all be some unforeseen level of bravery. I think it is our responsibility to be as courageous as we can.”

Mackintosh’s direction brings out the play’s debate over what loyalty entails, humanizing the struggle of the fight for the audience. Much of it feels familiar even now; many of the play’s subjects, such as the tempting of fate and the idolization of leaders, resonate brightly.

“The show was written 2500 years ago, it’s set a hundred years ago,” Mackintosh said. “And it pulls on references from today, and I think it is demonstrative of the way that tyranny is cyclical and destructive that the same story is applicable in all of those contexts.”

In this regard, Sam Snyders, U4 Arts, takes his part as “The Bartender” seriously. His near-constant presence throughout the production, as a spectator and aide to those in need, anchors him as the man who has witnessed and endured the cycle of tyranny. As the closest figure to a narrator, Snyder’s passionate performance brings with it anticipation and a will to fight.

While staying generally true to Sophocles’s original plot, there were several notable changes. One of them is the adaptation of the traditional Greek Chorus into a more modern ensemble; another is the introduction of death scenes, which were never performed in Ancient Greece. Together, these changes heighten drama in the production, resulting in a powerfully modern show that treats its source not just as history, but as a warning of what might be coming.

Ruminating on how Antigone mirrored the current state of U.S. politics, Mackintosh shared mixed emotions regarding global politics. Still, she highlighted a silver lining—that so many are willing to help keep Antigone’s fire alive through their work.

“A very significant part of me wishes the show was not as prescient as I feel it is, but at the same time, I also think that is why it is necessary and why I’m really proud of it […] a lot of people have put a lot of heart into the production, and I’m so incredibly proud of them.”

Research Briefs, Science & Technology

Improving Black and Latine youths’ sense of belonging in schools

by Antoine Larocque on

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Adolescence is a formative time for young people to define both who they are and who they hope to become. For Black and Latine youth, that journey often unfolds against a backdrop of historical barriers and discrimination in society as well as in educational settings, ultimately shaping how they see themselves, their future, and their place in school.

Negative stereotypes about academic ability, exposure to racism, and the lack of both role models and an institutional culture that reflects their identity are among the barriers affecting Black and Latine students’ identity and sense of belonging in school. Such barriers are not just individual shortcomings, but conditions that can affect students’ sense of belonging, confidence, and long-term engagement in school.

Régine Débrosse, an assistant professor at McGill’s School of Social Work, and her collaborators investigated whether simple, strength-based reflection activities could improve the academic persistence of Black and Latine adolescents.

In her study, participants were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group completed a community resourcefulness reflection, identifying strategies they could employ to help overcome obstacles to their ideal future. Participants in the second group completed a voice reflection, in which they were prompted to reflect on situations in which they might be underrepresented and were encouraged to view their identity and perspective as strengths. The third group served as a control group and did not complete any reflection activities.

The participants then filled out a form assessing school belonging, academic persistence, and ethnic-ideal alignment—the connections between their racial/ethnic identity and their future identity.

“Both reflections improved markers of academic persistence by transforming adolescents’ experiences,” Débrosse wrote in an email to The Tribune.

Altogether, the community resourcefulness and voice reflections both increased academic persistence of Black and Latine adolescents, but their effects depend on gender and operate through different psychological pathways.

Girls who completed the written community resourcefulness reflection reported greater alignment between their racial and ethnic identities and their ideal future self, which, in turn, predicted higher academic engagement. There was no measurable impact on the boys in this group.

However, both boys and girls who participated in the voice reflection reported greater belonging at school, which was associated with higher academic engagement.

Débrosse’s research highlights the importance of shifting away from deficit-based narratives in education and toward approaches that affirm students’ identities and lived experiences. Her results also suggest that identity development during adolescence may be especially sensitive to targeted messages. Repeated opportunities for students to see their racial or ethnic background as aligned with long-term goals can reshape how young people relate to school and their futures and help nurture developmental pathways marked by sustained motivation and persistence.

The results also underscore the importance of intersectionality: Black and Latina girls appeared to benefit differently from the community resourcefulness reflection, potentially because they face distinct social expectations or tensions when imagining their futures.

“[This research] adds to work demonstrating the potential of highlighting people’s strengths and full experiences, especially people whose community is negatively stereotyped in a certain area,” Débrosse wrote.

The study also points to practical implications. For instance, schools might consider implementing structured reflection activities that both highlight community resilience and affirm students’ unique voices, particularly during key developmental transitions. However, Débrosse cautions that further research is needed, especially given limitations such as small subgroup sample sizes and measurement constraints.

“[Future studies should examine] further the potential of strengths-based approaches, identity approaches that support expanding and connecting the different parts composing who each of us is, and of approaches that counter harmful narratives and make space for people to be their full selves,” Débrosse wrote.

Ultimately, the findings suggest that even brief, structured opportunities for reflection can meaningfully shape how adolescents see themselves in relation to school and their aspirations.

“It is powerful to go beyond common stories we hear about one another, and that incredible things happen when we focus on and lift each other’s strengths,” Débrosse wrote.

Research Briefs, Science & Technology

How socioeconomic inequality accelerates musculoskeletal decline

by Nell Pollak on

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As we get older, our muscles and bones gradually weaken, a progression that can lead to falls, fractures, and a devastating cycle of hospitalization and physical decline. But not everyone experiences this decline at the same rate—social and economic conditions over a lifetime can profoundly shape how the body ages, influencing access to nutrition, physical activity, and preventive health care. New research co-published by Gustavo Duque, the Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine and professor in McGill’s Department of Medicine, suggests that a patient’s position on the socioeconomic ladder may play a significant role in how quickly that deterioration occurs—and that the disadvantage begins well before a patient ever reaches a hospital.

The study examines the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and bone, muscle, and physical function in 300 community-dwelling adults aged 50 and older in the metropolitan region of Melbourne, Australia.  Researchers measured five indicators of SES—education, income, employment, health care card ownership, and area-level disadvantage—against outcomes including bone mineral density, muscle mass, grip strength, gait speed, and leg power.

Notably, the researchers found that participants who completed post-secondary education had significantly higher bone mineral density, greater muscle mass, stronger handgrip strength, faster walking speed, and greater leg power than those with less education. Higher income and possessing a private health care card—as opposed to a government health card—were similarly associated with better outcomes across most measures. 

Duque said in an interview with The Tribune that the findings confirmed what the research team had long suspected.

“People with lower levels of income and lower levels of education […] were the ones who showed the worst situation in terms of muscle and bone,” Duque said.

One unexpected finding is that employed participants showed different patterns of deterioration, regardless of salary. Duque attributed this to the physical demands of their work, noting that those still employed tended to be active throughout the day. For those who were retired or unemployed and in the lowest socioeconomic brackets, however, the outcomes were markedly worse.

Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by low bone mineral density, which ultimately raises the risk of fractures, affects approximately 18 per cent of older adults globally. Sarcopenia, the progressive age-related loss of muscle mass and physical function, affects between 10 and 27 per cent of individuals over 60. Although a growing body of work links SES to musculoskeletal health, evidence on how social gradients operate in specific musculoskeletal conditions such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis remains limited. Prior studies have typically relied on secondary analyses of existing datasets rather than directly investigating the relationship.

Since the study is cross-sectional, it captures a snapshot of health outcomes at a given point in time and cannot determine whether interventions would prevent or reverse the disparities observed. Duque acknowledged this limitation, which is why his future research aims to explore the longitudinal impacts of socioeconomic status on bone and muscle decline.

The study also raises questions about health literacy—the ability to access, understand, and apply health information—as a potential mechanism linking a lower SES to worse musculoskeletal outcomes. Both osteoporosis and sarcopenia require patients to adopt and maintain lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and dietary adjustments.  However,  lower education and income are strongly correlated with lower levels of health literacy, meaning that socially disadvantaged groups may be less likely to receive, understand, or act on prevention and treatment advice. Consequently, the same communities that enter older age with weaker bones and muscles are also the least equipped to access the information and resources needed to slow that decline, further entrenching existing disparities.

Duque stressed that prevention does not need to be expensive or complicated.

“It does not demand a lot of resources. A good physical activity can be done in a park or in a mountain,” Duque said. “There are some dietary recommendations, […] there are good sources of calcium that do not necessarily have to be very expensive.”

But he also emphasized that individual behaviour change alone is not enough, and that policy-level action is essential.

“We need a policy [….]The problem is that some of these policies are not necessarily applied, developed, or funded,” he said.Duque’s team is now launching a Quebec-based screening project in collaboration with the World Health Organization to identify musculoskeletal decline early in older adults across the province. Musculoskeletal data cannot close the socioeconomic gap in bone and muscle health alone, but knowing where that gap starts is the first step toward designing interventions that effectively address it.

Arts & Entertainment, Film and TV

‘Bridgerton’ Season 4: A peek behind the curtain

by Loriane Chagnon on

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Warning: This piece contains spoilers.

Dearest Gentle Reader: It has come to my most attentive notice that this midterm season is hereby interrupted by the return of Netflix’s crown jewel, Bridgerton, which graces our screens with its fourth instalment. While young McGill students sharpen their minds in the hopes of succeeding in their upcoming examinations, they may find respite in this hit television series, which follows the lives of the Bridgerton family in a reimagined Regency-era England. An adaptation of Julia Quinn’s third novel from the Bridgerton series, An Offer from a Gentleman, the first part released on Jan. 29 with the second arriving Feb. 26. The fourth season explores the blossoming romance between second son and notorious rake Benedict Bridgerton (Luke Thompson) and Sophie Baek (Yerin Ha), the illegitimate daughter of a nobleman who is forced to become a maid by her evil stepmother.

In this reimagined Cinderella story, the beloveds meet at a masquerade ball where Benedict falls hopelessly for Sophie, who is, well, not like other girls. Dissatisfied with society women, whom he deems dull and uninteresting, Benedict has traded his faith in true love for short, passionate, and meaningless encounters. He finds, in Sophie, the infatuation for life that he has been secretly yearning for in a partner, whilst pretending to be a free-spirited bachelor. Unaware of her identity and social standing, he develops romantic feelings for her, which she reciprocates. Yet he cannot pursue her openly, since she is a maid and he, a gentleman.

For the first time, Bridgerton explores the upstairs-downstairs divide between the noble ton and the servant’s working class. Masters need servants to sustain their lifestyle, whilst servants depend on the masters for a living wage and employment. This season delves into the servants’ lived reality, class dynamics and the interdependence between those above and below. Bridgerton highlights how depersonalized that system is and how it keeps the lower class at the mercy of the upper class, exemplified notably when a young maid is treated in an untoward manner by a supposed gentleman, or in the uproar and confusion that the ton experiences because of the Maid Wars. Further, it exposes the unfairness of the fate of children born out of wedlock, who are kept out of society on account of their status as ‘illegitimate.’

This peek behind the curtain is a breath of fresh air, providing a new perspective by centring the narrative on the lives of servants for once. Both Sophie’s story and her romance with Benedict are authentic and a welcome departure from the last season. Ha’s acting is genuine and honest, and her chemistry with Thompson is refreshing. She revealed during her appearance on Royal Court, the YouTube show hosted by internet sensation Brittany Broski, that she worked closely with showrunners to reimagine the role of Sophie, making her more authentic to her heritage. Most notably, she changed Sophie’s family name from Beckett to Baek. As the first East Asian lead of Bridgerton, she shines beside her co-star as a relatable character who deals with real-life problems whilst retaining her individuality. This comes across most notably when Sophie refuses Benedict’s offer to be his mistress despite her attraction to him. She has too much self-respect to debase herself in such a way and teaches Benedict a well-deserved lesson. 

Now, the ton feverishly awaits the next chapter of this season’s captivating drama. Lest we forget the people who make their lifestyle possible and hope that a happy ending soon befalls Ms. Baek and Mr. Bridgerton, who yearns to reunite with the lady in silver that he met at the ball. Until then, this author wishes you great success in your midterms and hopes that you find peace and wellness despite the cold and busy season. 

Commentary, Opinion

Nunavik’s disproportionately high suicide rate reveals colonialism’s continued impact on mental health

by Defne Feyzioglu on

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Content warning: Mentions of suicide

Feb. 2 to Feb. 8 marked Quebec’s Suicide Prevention Week. The province entered the awareness week with a statistic that sounds like a clear public health win: The suicide rate has dropped to 11.9 per 100,000 people, making it the lowest observed since 1981. However, this provincial average obscures the fact that progress has not occurred evenly across Quebec. The Institut national de sante publique du Québec (INSPQ) reports that Nunavik, an arctic region in Northern Quebec primarily inhabited by Inuit, had the highest suicide rate by far, with 122.7 suicides per 100,000 people—over 10 times more than the provincial average. 

The uneven jump in suicide rates disproportionately affects Indigenous people in Canada, and this difference is not coincidental. If a region’s suicide rate is over 10 times higher than the rest of the province, this discrepancy cannot be explained as a statistical outlier. Nunavik’s case reflects the persistence of the deeply embedded power structures of colonialism, racial discrimination, and the intentional erasure of culture and language in the province. 

Quebec’s suicide-prevention messaging often emphasizes reaching out, breaking the stigma around mental health, and reminding people that they are not alone. Those are not empty gestures, but stigma alone cannot explain a tenfold regional gap. This year’s campaign theme, “tendre la main, soutenir l’espoir” (extend a hand, support hope), captures that emphasis on individual intervention and interpersonal relations as key to combating suicide. 

But if awareness and social stigma were the main barriers, there wouldn’t be a stark geographic pattern; Nunavik’s disparate suicide rate instead points to an uneven landscape of support and access. In practice, ‘reaching out’ can take on very different meanings depending on whether suicide-prevention services are stable, staffed, culturally safe, and close enough to be accessed before a crisis escalates. A generalized campaign cannot, and should not, substitute consistent, local, and culturally-grounded care. 

Research on the pervasive harms of Canada’s residential school system demonstrates that state policy has created intergenerational risk through family separation, abuse, and cultural suppression. A Western University study highlighted the link between increased rates of suicide, intergenerational trauma, and residential schooling. By forcibly separating children from their families and communities, residential schools also laid the groundwork that perpetuates downstream inequities and raises suicide risk today, including lower educational attainment, lower income, unstable employment, and poorer housing conditions. 

INSPQ also noted that Nunavik lacks emergency rooms, and that consultations in its 14 local community service centres may not be as effective as ER visits elsewhere. When staffing is unstable and specialized services are concentrated at the two regional hospitals, this can result in time-sensitive delays and transfers.  

With Nunavik’s small population of approximately 14,000, each death in the province carries an outsized statistical weight. In small, tight-knit villages, the impact of a single suicide can ripple through extended families, peer groups, schools, and frontline workers, intensifying grief and strain on already limited support systems. Public health guidance on suicide clusters emphasizes that closely connected communities can face a heightened risk of additional deaths after an initial loss. This cascading vulnerability is itself a product of the structural conditions colonialism created: Isolated communities with minimal services bear disproportionate grief, with disproportionately fewer resources to absorb it.

The Quebec government must treat colonial policies as living determinants of health, not just features of history. When the province headlines its declining suicide rate, it obscures the systematic inequalities keeping Nunavik’s rate disproportionately high. The same report used by Quebec to demonstrate progress also shows where mental health programming has not translated into prevention outcomes and well-being.

The key imperative during Suicide Prevention Week isn’t just whether reaching out matters—it’s applying that message to systems that people can actually reach. Culturally safe care is inseparable from addressing racism and power imbalances in service delivery. 

Nunavik’s disparate rate doesn’t erase Quebec’s progress, but it does complicate it. It suggests that any honest accounting of prevention has to hold two truths at once: The provincial average is falling, but regional crises remain severe. If Suicide Prevention Week is meant to describe the province’s reality—and not just offer a reassuring statistic—then local disparities are where the prevention has to begin.

If you or someone you know needs support, help is available 24/7 via suicide.ca or the AQPS.

Commentary, Opinion

Quebec immigration reform has left bright minds behind

by Abigail Kronenberg on

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Monica Colín Silva and her family moved to Quebec City from Mexico four years ago, during which she obtained a Master’s degree at Université Laval. After completing the program and becoming fluent in French, she felt hopeful for her path to permanent residency in Quebec. 

In late 2024, the federal government started requiring post-graduation work permit applicants to take a language test. Colín Silva’s score of 427 on the written section of the required French exam fell one point short of the minimum 428 threshold. Because the permit is directly tied to the applicant’s authorization to work, Colín Silva’s failing score meant that neither she nor her husband would be eligible for employment in Quebec. Facing limited options to support her family, Colín Silva is preparing to return to Mexico. 

While framed as measures to protect Quebec’s linguistic and economic priorities, these reforms place educated international graduates in a state of uncertainty, where years of academic achievement and language acquisition are undermined by shifting immigration policies.

The stricter language requirements are just one example of controversial policy changes made to Quebec’s immigration system under Immigration Minister Jean-François Roberge this year. In September 2024, the government replaced the Quebec Experience Program (PEQ) with the new Skilled Worker Selection Program (PSTQ), shifting to a points-based system that evaluates applicants across several categories to determine how strongly they “match Quebec’s needs.” Roberge has argued that the new program allows Quebec to select workers in the sectors it considers most valuable, such as healthcare, education, and construction. 

The PEQ’s dissolution has left thousands of international students, along with countless professors and other academics in Quebec, feeling suddenly abandoned, as it is almost impossible to predict one’s chances of being approved under the PSTQ. The point system leaves much to the government’s subjective interpretation of the value of one’s job instead of providing a clear checklist for hopeful applicants. 

29.8 per cent of McGill’s student body of over 40,000 is made up of international students—and for many, repeated shifts in immigration policy can generate uncertainty around their chances of a future in Quebec. Quebec’s universities rely on international students for tuition and academic contributions during their studies, but its evolving immigration framework has made long-term settlement far less predictable once those students graduate.

For students like Colín Silva, the inherent issue lies not in Quebec’s desire to preserve French, but in how narrowly immigrants are defined under the law. When one score on an exam outweighs years of living, studying and working in French within Quebec’s institutions—including the completion of a Master’s degree in the language—it calls into question whether the current paths to permanent residency are fairly and holistically evaluating applicants.

Besides increased scrutiny on an applicant’s field of work, Quebec’s updated permanent residency pathways now require graduates to have completed at least three years’ worth, or 75 percent of their coursework in French, in order to qualify. For students who began their studies under previous criteria, the change has caused great anxiety, particularly for non-Francophone university students, as they now struggle to make up for the French coursework they’re missing. 

When single factors such as line of work or language policy become the determinant in deciding who gets to stay and who must leave Quebec, the province sacrifices the minds of countless talented individuals whose stories, if considered through more holistic measures, would more than demonstrate their eagerness and dedication to contribute to the province’s workforce. While Quebec has the right to protect French and its cultural identity, rigid criteria excludes many graduates with proven intentions of contributing to Quebec in the long term. Colín Silva’s story demonstrates that she belongs in Quebec, and that the value her family can offer Quebec cannot be reduced to a single point on a standardized exam.

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