There is not an hour in the day when a tired, hungover, deadline-pegged McGill student cannot seek refuge in the Milton B cafeteria.
Tucked in on the corner of Avenue Parc and Rue Milton, Milton B was originally a 24-hour Second Cup and five years ago, it rebranded and reopened. But one thing remained: The shop’s hours. It’s still open 24/7.
With exams looming, we need to stay ready for anything, and I want to play my part. So, I have placed three deliberate grammar mistakes in this piece. Grab a pen and circle the ones you can find. There are only three, so keep your eyes peeled. If you see four, I’ll buy you a Kit Kat.
I walk past Milton B every day I come to campus—and because I’m a nerd, this is most days. The building is a wooden structure with a steep gabled roof and a dash of vibrant green on the wall overlooking the sidewalk. Its straight out of Club Penguin. And despite coming close with it nearly every day, I still can’t put my finger on what exactly Milton B is trying to be.
The interior is chaotic and incongruous. Thick, tan beams contrast razor-light green curtains by the front windows. A row of metal stools stalk the Rue Milton sidewalk and an assorted mix of yellow, green, black, and metal-rimmed chairs accompany a mismatch of different tables, with some varnished and some not quite as lucky.
My biggest issue is with the lifeless, white-grey wall on the far left of the entrance. It offers nothing but a reflection of your tired, depressed soul as you wish you were on a different plane of existence.
The menu offers the usual café fare, like espresso-based beverages, cakes, and pastries. But it also provides milkshakes and an extensive range of hot food, from calzones to poutine. Prices are reasonable, and some of the cakes were in clingfilm, which doesn’t scream ‘freshly baked.’
I order a black Americano ($3.55) and I’m quite peckish, so I also grab a cookie with a heart-shaped centre ($2.70), a chocolate torsade ($2.70), and a mozzarella chicken calzone ($7.95). I take a seat by the window.
The mood is sullen, like a late night in an airport. Piano jazz plays monotonously in the background and the light is desolate and unnatural, like in a casino.
The room is scattered with MacBook warriors toiling over deadlines. And they’re not just working—they’re waiting. Waiting to find love, to find an internship, to find a decent show on Netflix. But above all, they’re waiting to finish their work and go home.
And then it hit me: Milton B is not trying to be a café you want to visit. It’s trying to be a café you visit out of necessity.
A big tell of a shabby coffee shop is whether they use stale coffee. If there’s a harsh acid after-taste, the beans are probably stale. And, thankfully, Milton B’s coffee did not smear my taste buds. There isn’t the richness that more specialized coffee shops offer, but this Americano is balanced, pleasant, and easy to drink—once it cools down.
The cookie looked more appealing behind the glass. It’s, underbaked and its glaze is bleakly pale. It’s in desperate need of a tan. I’m not sure if the red sugary layer in the heart-shaped centre was initially a spread of jam that’s since been desiccated from the artificial light. But whatever it is, it tastes like a melted edible sticker.
The chocolate torsade is nothing special. If anything, it’s a little dry. The mozzarella chicken calzone has the texture of a fossil. It could also be politely used as an object for a game of catch. The chicken is well-seasoned and fills you up. Would it survive the high streets of Naples? Don’t be silly. Does it suffice as a midnight snack? Hell yes!
Off the pitch, in a bizarre defence of FIFA’s controversial decision to host the tournament in Qatar, FIFA president Gianni Infantino went on a 57-minute rant praising Qatar’s migrant worker policies and deflecting criticism of the human rights abuses that continue to unfold under FIFA’s supervision. In the speech, Infantino, often regarded as the most powerful man in sports, compared himself to a number of oppressed groups and labelled the criticism directed at FIFA as hypocritical.
Qatar’s early knockout
The tournament opened with a 2-0 win for Ecuador over Qatar. For many, this did not come as a surprise as Qatar had never qualified for the World Cup before 2022. All host countries are given automatic entry regardless of their ranking. This marked the first time that the host of a World Cup lost the opening game; after Qatar’s 3-1 loss to Senegal, it marked the earliest elimination for a host team in FIFA’s 92-year history.
Protests against the Iranian government
On Nov. 21, the Iranian football team refused to sing their country’s national anthem in a display of solidarity with the ongoing human rights protests in Iran. Despite this move, the team met with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi prior to the World Cup. Fans wearing shirts with the name “Mahsa Amini”, the woman who was killed by the Islamic Regime’s morality police, were removed from the stadium. Some protesting fans said they had flags, t-shirts, and signs confiscated while others were shouted at and harassed by stadium workers.
Upset number one: Saudi Arabia beats Argentina
Saudi Arabia shocked the world with a 2-1 victory over Argentina on Nov. 22. This win astonished many fans as Argentina is ranked third in the world and was a pre-tournament favourite, while Saudi Arabia is ranked 51st. This ended Argentina’s three-year, 36-game winning streak but the team was able to avoid elimination with a 2-0 win over Mexico on Nov. 26.
Upset number two: Japan snubs Germany
Another pre-tournament favourite faced defeat on Nov. 23, when Japan claimed victory in a 2-1 win over Germany. Germany is a four-time World Cup champion, while Japan has never progressed past the round of 16 stage.
Hope for a new era of men’s soccer in Canada
While many eyes were drawn to Spain’s record breaking 7-0 win against Costa Rica, the Canadians took the field for the first time since 1986. In a heartbreaking 1-0 loss to Belgium, the Canadian team still made its fans proud with their impressive performance. They had 14 shots on the Belgian goal in the opening 45 minutes alone and dominated play for much of the match, but unfortunately, were unable to capitalize on any of their opportunities. Canada became the second country to be eliminated from the World Cup, after getting defeated by Croatia 4-1 on Nov. 27. The match did have some bright spots, with Alphonso Davies scoring Canada’s first goal in five World Cup games within 67 seconds of play.
The first red card
On Nov. 25, Wales’ goalkeeper, Wayne Hennessey, crashed into Iranian striker, Mehdi Taremi, when he steamed out of his penalty area, missed an attempted clearance, and received the first red card of the tournament. Iran scored two goals after the ejection for a 2-0 victory.
The banning of ‘OneLove’ armbands
With the tournament taking place in Qatar, a country where homosexuality is illegal, rainbow armbands intended to show support to the LGBTQ+ community have been banned, alienating queer players and fans. The captains of seven European teams were planning on wearing armbands with the ‘OneLove’ logo but FIFA warned that they would receive an automatic yellow card if they did so. In protest, German players covered their mouths with their right hands in team pictures before their opening game to denounce how FIFA is silencing support of the LGBTQ+ community. Fans and media have also been subject to these restrictions, as a BBC cameraman and Welsh fans were refused entry for possessing items with the rainbow print. Although FIFA has continually insisted that all fans are allowed and encouraged to attend matches, it is clear that certain spectators are not welcome at the World Cup.
When I tell people I’m a Buffalo Sabres fan, I get one of two extreme reactions: A look of shock, or one of disappointment. Everyone knows that being a Sabres fan is a merciless and unforgiving job, one that breaks you down until you find yourself cheering for any ounce of success they can hold on to. The only thing the Sabres are leading the NHL in right now is the longest-consecutive record for missing the playoffs at 11 years and counting.
For Sabres fans, it feels like we will never get a moment of reprieve from the endless cycle of lacklustre seasons. Despite making the playoffs in 2010-11, the Sabres have been on a steady decline since losing to the Dallas Stars in the 1999 Stanley Cup Final. Between 2012 and 2018, Buffalo finished last in their division in five out of six seasons. The team desperately needed a rebuild but a few faulty decisions, like tradingRyan Miller and Steve Ott and picking up Evander Kane, who only brought controversy, left the team no better than where it started.
In 2015, hope arose in the form of superstar Connor McDavid, whom many Buffalo fans pegged as a sure future Sabre who could save the franchise. Things didn’t go as planned, however, and Buffalo ended up with second pick Jack Eichel who, despite being one of the league’s top stars, amounted to nothing for the team. After failing to make the playoffs for Eichel’s first five seasons, his patience began to wear thin. As Buffalo continued to decline, drama arose surrounding a disagreement between Eichel and the team about how to handle an injury, leading him to publicly request a trade and be stripped of the captaincy.
Looking at the Sabres’ losing culture is painful, to say the least. The 2017-18 season ended in complete misery with yet another last-place finish, but spirits began to rise after drafting Rasmus Dahlin first overall in the 2018 Draft. That’s one thing the Sabres have going for them at least––last-place finishes turned first-round draft picks, with 10 in the past five years.
Are the Buffalo Sabres just cursed? On paper, there is no practical reason for the Sabres to be this bad, especially this season. Tage Thompson, a former St. Louis Blues first-round pick, whom the Sabres acquired in the Ryan O’Reilly trade, has had an incredible season so far with 28 points. Dahlin and Alex Tuch, a highlight of the blockbuster Eichel trade last season, have held their own with 23 and 21 points, respectively. Owen Power, the first overall pick in 2021, is having the breakout season you dream about for a young player, with some even calling him the best defenceman in the game. Goaltender save percentages are hovering around average, Sabres stars are consistently putting up multi-point nights, and Buffalo’s roster of young, talented players are populating the top of NHL stat lists. Despite all of this, Buffalo still sucks.
To rub salt in the wound, O’Reilly won a Stanley Cup in his first season with the St. Louis Blues and Eichel has continued to taunt Sabres fans, scoring a hat trick in his most recent appearance in Buffalo.
All this leads me to the conclusion: Something is broken in the Sabres’ culture, and it’s time to fix it. With just a few tweaks, and by continuing to develop a promising young core, the Sabres may finally emerge from their decades-long slump. Not to sound like a broken record, or worse, a Leafs fan, but maybe next year really will be the season for the Sabres. If all scandals are avoided and if off-season moves live up to their promise, maybe, just maybe, the Sabres can sneak into the playoffs and give their debilitated fans something to cheer about.
When the time for course selection begins, students often turn to their most reliable platform: Rate My Professors. However, are these anonymous reviews really trustworthy, or just an expression of students’ frustrations? The McGill Tribune decided to find out.
Rate My Professors allows the user to search for professors that will be teaching the courses they are interested in and lets them read anonymous reviews from previous students. This site is especially helpful to first-year students, who have only recently set out on their McGill journey. Charlotte Livingston, U0 Science, reflected on how the site helped her choose her courses for the winter semester in an interview with the Tribune.
“Among STEM courses, there are multiple professors who will teach a class and have a certain reputation for being really good, so of course, I wanted to be in their class,” said Livingston.
Livingston believes this platform is effective and uses it as a guiding point to choosing her courses for the upcoming semester. Many students have been using this site in a similar manner for years because it allows them to learn about the aspects of a course that are not found in the course description, such as evaluations or structure.
Another way students have been making the most of this platform is by leaving reviews and ratings. Students are often motivated to leave reviews discussing the way a professor teaches, the difficulty of course content, or even the grading scheme.
However, Rate My Professors is unlikely to fade away any time soon. It can be useful for many students, but small reviews often do not represent what the entire class may experience.
Jessica Kay Flake, an assistant professor at McGill’s Department of Psychology, says that “There are two types of students who use Rate My Professors: Students who love their course or students who hate their course.”
Flake’s research involves improving measurement practices in psychology. She believes that Rate My Professors would be more helpful if more students used it because more reviews and ratings can bring validity to the platform. She does not think, however, that a small number of reviews for a professor that has taught hundreds or thousands of students would be accurate.
“If there aren’t many ratings, then that extreme information probably isn’t representative of the entire class,” said Flake.
As it turns out, many students do, in fact, leave reviews either due to their satisfaction or frustration with the course.
“I really enjoyed [a] professor’s class and found them really interesting, so I wanted other students to take his class and share the similar sentiments I have,” Mia Bhatia U1 Arts and Science, said in an interview with the Tribune.
Rate My Professors not only gives students an opportunity to share any opinions they have on a professor, but to evaluate the instructor’s abilities and provide them with tags such as “inspirational” and “caring,” or even “stodgy.”
University professors can also check the ratings and reviews that students have left for them. However, this does not necessarily impact the way a professor will choose to teach going forward.
Daniel Douek, faculty lecturer at McGill’s political science department, said that he prefers to focus more on course evaluations than Rate My Professors.
“I systematically avoid Rate My Professors,” Douek said. “The course evaluations, I pay a lot of attention to and I have adjusted my teaching based on feedback I received in various instances.”
The course evaluations that are available through McGill’s Mercury platform near the end of a semester give students an opportunity to share their thoughts about the course content and style of instruction. Douek believes this is a better alternative and allows professors to reflect on their teaching methods.
“Maybe it’s useful when taken together with other considerations,” Douek said. “I imagine it could be useful, but at the same time it would probably be a mistake to rely upon it exclusively.”
The exceptional play of first-year goalkeeper Ludovyck Ciociola was a bright spot for Redbirds soccer fans during a disappointing 2–8–4 season. After a successful stint at Collège Ahuntsic, the rookie fromMontreal Northcapped off his debut season at McGill by earning a spot on both the RSEQ all-rookie team and the U-SPORTS all-rookie team. This provincial and national level recognition cements Ciociola as a name to watch in the Canadian university soccer circuit. The McGill Tribune sat down with Ludovyck to discuss his accomplishments and to hear about his path to McGill.
A four (or maybe five, his memory failed him here) year-old Ciociola began playing soccer in his neighbourhood under the guidance of his number-one fan––his mother.
“Honestly, my mom put me in because it was the most popular sport in Montreal North. Since I can remember, I liked it, so I’ve just continued,” the keeper told the Tribune.
It wasn’t until a few years later, however, that Ciociola started standing between the posts. The transition from the outfield was seamless as the youngster slid into his new position with ease. With a game inspired by Barcelona’s Marc-André ter Stegen, the Redbirds keeper has the skill set of a modern goalkeeper: Excellent footwork, fast reflexes, and solid passing abilities.
Ciociola’s success this season comes after overcoming persistent doubt in his playing abilities early on.
“For a long time, I didn’t have self-confidence as a keeper,” Ciociola said. “From U13 to U17, I didn’t have the confidence to play AAA [the highest level in Quebec] [….] After U17, I just made the jump to AAA, and I won the golden glove in my only AAA season. I was invited to try out for semi-pro. I made the semi-pro team, so when I got over that mental block, it really started working out.”
Early in the Redbirds’ season, Ciociola had a brilliant stretch of play, showcasing incredible poise against some high-quality teams.
“We faced [Université de Québec à Trois-Rivières] at home on Friday and won 1-0, then Sunday we went to Laval and [tied] 1-1,” Ciociola said. “I played excellent games on an individual level in the two matches. And, after that week, I won McGill athlete of the week, RSEQ athlete of the week, and U-SPORTS athlete of the week.”
However, the triumph didn’t last long. McGill’s early success ground to a halt after the team failed to pick up points in five out of the last six contests. Nevertheless, Ciociola had plenty of positive experiences throughout his first year with the Redbirds.
“[I want to give a] shoutout to Mika [Michael Palomo], I met him this summer when I joined Blainville to play semi-pro, and I found that he really helped me become more aware of goalkeeping tactics,” the keeper said.
After getting the first-ever red card of his career against Sherbrooke on Sept. 15, Ciociola wanted to clear up what really happened and to emphasize the support from his team.
“It wasn’t really a red card; the ball hit my face. That was the one time I was actually mad [….] A coach, Pierre [Lepage], came to see me on the bench and told me they were going to win for me, and we did win, 2-0.”
Ciociola also expressed gratitude for senior goalkeeper Chris Cinelli-Faia as the veteran guided him through his first season.
“There’s the team, and then there are the goalies, who form a sort of team inside the team,” Ciociola explained. “Chris has been there all season, talking, giving advice. If I had something to ask, I would see him. You can say he took me under his wing. Chris wrote a paper on penalties and how you should move as a keeper […] but I haven’t applied his paper findings yet.”
During the offseason, the Redbirds keeper will be keeping busy by cheering on Les Bleus in their World Cup defence while attending his first-year management classes and weekly team training.
*The interview was translated from French by the author.
During exam season, I’m a mess. I stay in my apartment all day trying to work, I spend hours scrolling through social media with increasing levels of stress, and my mind is a tangle of negative thoughts. I hate this. Please help.
Freaking Out Over Finals (FOOF)
Before I even begin, FOOF, I’m sure that you’ve heard it a million times, but I’ll make it a million and one: It’s going to be okay. It really is. Finals season brings everyone to this intense, lonely, stressful, breaking point, so know that (no matter what it may feel like) you’re not alone. Being in such a high-stress state for a long period can also lead to burnout and, having battled it a couple of times myself, I know how ugly it can get. This is a how-to guide to studying during finals season, but it’s also a guide for how to do it in a way that centres self-care. This year, get the grades and your beauty sleep. Get the marks and the moments with friends. Make finals season a love letter to you.
1. Step Away
The first thing you’re going to want to do is step away. Close all of your tabs, swipe out of all the apps on your phone, and turn everything off. Take a breath, then another, and then another. To study to the best of your ability, you need a healthy perspective. Right now, that perspective is crowded with negative thoughts, stress, and anxiety, so set your phone’s timer for an hour and do something else. Have an ‘everything’ shower, go to the gym, or have a deep stretching session. It can be super beneficial to get your body moving but, if that’s not possible, at least get your brain moving. Give yourself a second to breathe, away from the work. Give yourself a second that isn’t riddled with stress, simply because you deserve it.
2. Make a Detailed List
Now we’re going to open that laptop back up, but not jump back into things just yet. You’re going to write down every single possible thing you have to do in order to get a particular task done. Get into detail and name all the steps between you and the finish line. Maybe the list is getting long and your freak-out-metre is starting to rev back up—but don’t stress. The list might be long, but it’s filled with tiny, manageable steps. You’ll fly through them and then be able to reward yourself with the satisfaction of checking things off your list!
3. Study in the Best Way for You
Sometimes the biggest roadblock to getting into your flow is studying in ways that are actually blocking your flow instead. Study in the way that most excites you, feels natural, and helps you understand the content best. Here are some ideas:
Creating collages/mood boards for different topics
Be sure to take regular breaks (have you tried the Pomodoro method?) and do at least one thing every day that is purely for fun, just for you.
4. Know That This is Only One Step
You’re doing great, and are well on your way to getting your studying done. Now, one final note, possibly the most important one, is to keep sight of the fact that this is only one step in your overall academic journey. Of course the assessment matters, and you should bring your best self to it, but it’s still just one hurdle. Just one exam. Just one lab. Just one essay. It doesn’t define you. Who you become in this journey is way more important than any single step of it.
The Quebec Public Interest Research Group at McGill (QPIRG-McGill) held its annual Culture Shock event series on “anti-racism, migrant justice, and Indigenous solidarity” from Nov. 21 to Nov. 25. Centred around the theme of “joy, pleasure, and celebration as a form of community building,” the week was filled with workshops, panels, and shows open to anyone. Contrary to last year, the majority of the week’s events were held in person—either on campus or around Montreal.
QPIRG-McGill is a student-funded and student-run non-profit organization founded in 1988. The organization is composed of a board of directors, staff members, volunteers, and working groups—such as the Community Cooks Collective (CCC)—who receive monetary and logistical support from QPIRG. McGill students who pay the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) or Post-Graduate Students’ Society (PGSS) fee of $5 are automatically members of QPIRG-McGill. All students are welcome to attend events, volunteer, or apply for a position within the organization.
In an interview with The McGill Tribune, Ivory Tong, BA ‘19 and finance administration coordinator at QPIRG, explained that over the years, the organization has opened the doors for students—often new to Montreal—to participate in activism and engage with the broader Montreal community.
“Through socially engaged research, popular education, and advocacy, we are working towards social and environmental justice,” Tong said. “We aim to connect students interested in activism with the community. However, this week of events focuses specifically on anti-colonialism, anti-racism, and migrant justice.”
This year, organizers strongly encouraged community members to step forward with event proposals following the announcement of the week’s theme.
Tong told the Tribune that the theme of joy, pleasure, and celebration as a form of community building came easily, especially after all events were held online last year.
“We decided to go with this theme because so much of activism today is naturally focused on what is wrong and what is unjust in the world, but there is great joy in coming back together,” Tong said. “We especially wanted to try and create a space for queer, transgender, Black, Indigenous and people of colour to rest and allow ourselves pleasure and joy.”
Yara Coussa, U4 Arts and events coordinator at Queer McGill, was very fond of QPIRG’s choice of theme this year.
“The theme of joy and celebration is so important because it focuses on underserved populations, but does not portray us as damaged or broken, but rather celebrates us,” Coussa said in an interview with the Tribune. “Yes, we do face challenges and hardships, but it is always nice to celebrate our diversity and our uniqueness which I think this event series does very well.”
On Nov. 25, QPIRG held a QTBIPOC Comedy Night in collaboration with Queer McGill—a service run by queer students, for queer students.
“We are hosting They Go Low, We Go Laugh—a comedy group primarily composed of women of colour and friends. For this show, our prompt was queer, trans, Black, Indigenous, people of colour, and the lineup of eight comedians identify themselves as such,” Coussa said. “I fell in love with their whole theme of inclusivity and comedy without being problematic, and just highlighting voices that aren’t represented in comedy.”
Sandy El Bitar, one of the comedians, told the Tribune that her act focused on the use of humour as a form of therapy and healing. She was moved by the audience’s interaction and enthusiasm.
“I feel it’s great to offer brave spaces for marginalized people to come together and learn about each other’s life experiences,” El Bitar said.
Tong agrees with El Bitar and hopes that QPIRG-McGill can continue to be a space that allows for such community connection.
“I think that while we are talking about joy and pleasure, there has also been a lot of despair and sorrow,” Tong said. “I truly believe that one of the best ways to combat those feelings is to get involved in your local community, and if people are interested in doing so, they can come to QPIRG.”
In middle school, I spent objectively too much time reading dystopian Young Adult fiction novels and watching rom-coms from the 1990s and 2000s, which have now left me with a questionable repertoire of references and an insatiable taste for casual insurgency. I’ve never considered my attempts at nonconformity as dangerous to others simply because the scale of my “anarchy” is what many would call pathetic.
Like many of my other personality traits, I could easily blame my weirdest qualities on my immediate family. To many of my friends, buying a pair of ripped jeans or eating a sandwich with white bread are simple, unweighted choices. For me, deliberately calculating the cost-benefit analysis of such choices is a crushing reminder of how I’m disappointing my mother. The idea of buying white bread—even when it’s on sale—sends a chill down my spine, lighting up my nervous system with my eight-year-old self’s fear of stepping out of line.
While I have no qualms about hiding my purchase of what my mother calls “overpriced pants that have already been broken” from her, I always feel a sense of anxiety when stepping into them, as if I have gained a power I have no control over. Even though I fully understand that the pants annoy my mother, it feels almost stupid to think that wearing pants with holes in them is a way to forge some kind of path forward for myself.
I wouldn’t necessarily describe myself as a rebellious person, but I am often compelled to do things that I had previously avoided at all costs, as long as there are hilariously low stakes. For the majority of my life, I actively avoided any and all scary movies. When I went to see //Titane// (2021)—a body horror drama film about a serial killer—I felt a glowing sense of pride as I left the theatre, even if I watched most of the movie’s gruesome first third through my fingers. It may not have been a traditional “scary” movie, but having previously avoided horror like the plague, it felt like a weird, powerful step towards overcoming my fears.
Sometimes I think that these casual acts are just a product of all my own insecurities—maybe a new angle at which I can attempt to not be myself. Because of my persistent inclination towards making self-deprecating jokes, I know that it’s easy for me to joke about the low-stakes nature of these challenges. But inadvertently, some of these new efforts have brought me genuinely closer to different parts of myself than I had previously thought possible.
I’ve spent a solid two decades complaining about sports: I got excited about the Super Bowl solely because of the buffalo wings and would constantly decry that I didn’t get sports—it was easy to hide my chagrin from not understanding them behind loud expressions of hostility. Yet, for all the times I’ve annoyed my family by complaining about the television constantly being tuned to the sports channel, my dislike has finally started to crack. While my brother bribing me with takeout to watch Mets games with him didn’t exactly spark joy, following the Rangers during the Stanley Cup playoffs last year with my family was an intense, yet jubilant experience. Watching every game was more than just a few hours of visual engagement; it was a true bonding experience. Becoming a hockey fan probably should have felt like a betrayal of my own opinions, but I found that picking up the game was more of a fun challenge—I don’t understand a good amount of the rules, but I still won’t quit.
I’m not immune to wishing I could take risks that are indubitably serious, or wanting to know more surely where that drive comes from. But for the most part, I’m pretty content with my low-pressure unrest—if the worst thing that can come from it is ribbing from my family, I can probably handle that. Regardless of how strange or mundane some risks may seem, if they bring me closer to myself and to my family, I see no good reason to stop.
Canada is one of the world’s most prominent players in the mining industry, and its presence has been swiftly growing since the 1990s. Nowhere is Canada’s dominance seen more clearly than in Latin America—where between 50 and 70 per cent of mining activity involves Canadian companies.
With its neocolonialist control over the mining industry, Canada holds immense influence over the political and environmental landscapes of Latin America. This control has proven to be devastating, with mining being responsible for the highest proportion of human rights violation complaints in Latin America. North American governments also create a trap of terrible conditions that workers in the mining industry cannot escape due to restrictive immigration policies in Canada and the U.S. Educational institutions that prepare students to enter the mining industry, including McGill, are complicit in the detrimental effects mining has on Latin American countries.With Canada’s oldest mining engineering program, McGill must re-orient its mining program towards sustainability and end its perpetuation of mining’s destructive status quo.
Canadian companies participate in extractivism, by which minerals are extracted from the Earth with virtually no regulation to maximize profit. The lack of enforceable guidelines leads to terrible working conditions and environmental destruction, such as pipeline failures that cause cyanide solution to enter waterways. Canada funds and directs most mining operations in Mexico, which are notorious for poor labour conditions such as exposure to explosives, or toxic gases that contribute to injury and death through workplace accidents, lung disease, and cancer. Although the extractive model of mining provides workers with jobs, the lack of regulation stifles workers’ rights in an industry where conditions are already brutal. Furthermore, this practice encourages an economic focus on resource extraction that weakens the economic self-determination of the resource-rich region.
Inequitable mining practices are directly contributing to the displacement and subsequent migration of Latin American peoples. Although illegal border crossings have seen a downward trend in the past 20 years, Canada and the U.S. have been arresting and detaining more people than ever over the past three years with the numbers still on the rise. Migrants resorting to illegal entry often come from Mexico, where smugglers profit off of locals needing to escape dangerous working conditions, poverty, and violence. Canada already has a history of displacing and exploiting racialized peoples to achieve its economic goals, as evidenced by the construction of pipelines on Indigenous lands.
McGill prides itself on the fact that its students and alumni have “shaped the face of mining” in Canada and around the world.With this pride should also come responsibility.The McGill Research Group Investigating Canadian Mining in Latin America (MICLA) is a research collective based at McGill that aims to fund public research and debate regarding Canadian mining in Latin America. Composed of students and faculty, MICLA is part of the university’s ongoing effort to link teaching with research and to connect these to the public interest. However, they have not released any public updates since 2013. McGill students working in mining research should be examining Canada’s neocolonial practices, and the MICLA’s mission should be revived to spur activism for those forced to work in these poor conditions.
To truly transition to sustainable mining, governments and corporations must acknowledge the horrific impacts of current mining conditions and bring forward laws and regulations that have undergone community consultation. The needs and concerns of those inhabiting the land must be prioritized in the development of a project to ensure the community is not harmed. Further, McGill must take the proper steps to change the devastating state of the mining industry by incorporating sustainable and ethical mining practices into its curricula.
It is crucial that the Canadian government be held accountable for its exploitative practices in Latin America. The unethical tactic of displacing workers and subsequent denial of safe and equitable migration cannot continue. McGill must pool its resources to prepare its students to promote positive change in the mining sector. Having the oldest mining program in Canada means nothing if it is not being continually updated to serve the needs of today. McGill must stop resting on its reputation of prestige, and work on sustainable changes.
Hemorrhages account for about two million potentially avoidable deaths around the world every year. With a 30 to 40 per cent rate of trauma mortality, the impact of hemorrhages worldwide cannot be understated. Yet, a group of researchers at McGill made a remarkable improvement in its treatment by developing bioadhesives derived from structures found in flatworms to efficiently handle pressurized blood flows in non-compressive hemorrhages.
Hemorrhages are caused by blood loss due to damaged blood vessels. The bleeding can be minor, resulting in a bruise, or significant, leading to fluctuations in vital signs and altered mental status. Hemorrhaging can occur outside the body, as a traumatic wound, or inside the body, as internal bleeding. Internal hemorrhages require clinical investigations that include physical examinations, laboratory tests, diagnostic imaging tests, and close monitoring of vital signs.
Various factors can lead to hemorrhaging, such as alcohol abuse, drug use, tobacco consumption, cancer, surgery, or damage to an internal organ. Uncontrolled hemorrhaging leads to decreased blood flow and oxygen supply to organs, which could ultimately result in organ failure, seizures, coma, and death. The treatment for a hemorrhage depends on its anatomical location, the extent of the blood loss, and the patient’s symptoms.
External bleeding can usually be treated by applying direct pressure and placing tourniquets near the wound. However, the treatment of non-compressible hemorrhages, when wound sites are inaccessible, remains challenging. Current treatments, including the use of hemostatic agents (thrombin and kaolin) and bioadhesive sealants, have major drawbacks: They can be insufficiently absorbent and are difficult to store.
Researchers from McGill developed bioadhesives modelled after structures found in marine animals, such as mussels and flatworms, to remedy many of the problems presented by traditional adhesives.
In a new study published in Nature, Jianyu Li, a professor in McGill’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, and his team have proposed the use of liquid-infused microstructured bioadhesives (LIMBs) as an innovative strategy to treat non-compressible hemorrhages.
“These interesting microstructures provide us with a solution to handle heavy blood flows, which is mission-critical in the cases of non-compressive hemorrhages,” Li said in an interview with The McGill Tribune. “They act like a sponge, sucking in the blood at the source of [the] wound, can rapidly induce clotting, and can instantaneously form strong bioadhesion that seals bleeding sites. This new material is mechanically robust and tough to encounter pressurized blood flows and can be instantly removed after surgery.”
As their name suggests, the LIMBs are formed by infusing liquids into a bioadhesive gel called xerogel, which absorbs blood and promotes clotting at bleeding sites. Infused liquids facilitate interfacial bonding and sealing—sticking formed by the intermolecular forces in liquids. The synergy of xerogel and infused liquids allows the bioadhesives to form robust adhesions without having to apply pressure.
Unlike traditional wound closure methods like sutures, wires, and staples, bioadhesives are less invasive and promote wound healing through various mechanisms, such as the release of antibacterial and growth factors, induced host immune responses, and delivery of healthy cells. The bioadhesives possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and self-healing properties, and can remain stable on the site of application due to their intrinsic adhesion property derived from flatworms. These bioadhesives also prevent leakages after surgery, which account for 30 per cent of complications that can easily result in pain, inflammation, infection, and death. LIMBs were validated through both in vitro and in vivo testing using pig models.
The application of LIMBs is quick and pressure-free, making them suitable for non-compressible hemorrhages. Additionally,e LIMBs minimize the risk of re-bleeding upon removal and can be left inside the body to be absorbed.
“Our material showed […] better-improved safety and bleeding control efficiency than other commercial products,” Li said. “Beyond bleeding control, our material could one day replace wound sutures or deliver drugs to provide therapeutic effects and would have important implications in various clinical settings and even the Canadian Armed Forces.”