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Science & Technology

Cutting-edge biomaterial for regenerative medicine

Regenerative medicine is an exciting and rapidly developing field that involves replacing or regenerating human tissues to re-establish their normal function. In the lab, scientists are trying to create and improve biomaterials to use for tissue repair. 

For instance, vocal cords can be severely damaged in patients who suffer from laryngeal cancer. For these patients, as well as others with vocal cord damage, one promising therapy involves injecting a biomaterial into the affected folds to regenerate them. However, existing biomaterials for this procedure have significant limitations. 

First, the implant should allow the cells of the damaged vocal cord to exchange nutrients and waste with their environment and to migrate into the implant for proper incorporation. Therefore, the material needs to be porous. Because a large invasive surgery to implant the biomaterial into the vocal cords could be detrimental to the patient, it needs to be injectable. Finally, given that the vocal cords are extremely dynamic due to their high vibrational frequency, the biomaterial needs to be resistant to high levels of mechanical stress.

With existing biomaterials for such procedures failing to exhibit these three crucial characteristics, patients often suffer the repercussions of unsuccessful implants and frequent re-injections.

Recently, a team of scientists in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill created a highly effective biomaterial made of hydrogel that respects all three requirements. Hydrogel is a material made up of at least 10 per cent water, as well as large biomolecules called polymers. Its composition resembles the extracellular matrix found between the cells in our bodies, making it very biocompatible. 

Jianyu Li, an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill and the Canada Research Chair in Biomaterials and Musculoskeletal Health who co-led the study, explained the drawbacks of current hydrogel materials.

“The problem with injecting hydrogel is that it becomes condensed when it goes through the needle and therefore any pre-formed pores will collapse,” Li said in an interview with The McGill Tribune. “We designed a hydrogel in which the pores form spontaneously post-injection.” 

To acquire this special property, they used an ingredient they kept secret until the publication of their paper in Advanced Science in November 2021. It’s called chitosan, a natural polymer found in the shells of crabs, shrimps, and lobsters that is able to stay liquid in acidic solutions instead of solidifying right away. Once it is injected into the human body—which has a neutral pH—phase separation occurs and the material solidifies, creating a rigid matrix with pores. 

“In the previous materials, it would take a very long time for the cells to migrate, as the pores weren’t large enough,” said Guangyu Bao, a Ph.D. candidate in mechanical engineering who co-led the study, in an interview with the Tribune. “The material would need to be degraded for the cells to infiltrate the implant. Our material has pores big enough to allow the nutrients to diffuse easily, and the cells to migrate into the hydrogel, effectively fusing it with the existing vocal cord.”

This biomaterial could also be used to repair other mechanically dynamic tissues such as the heart, the lungs, and musculoskeletal tissue, and even steady tissue, such as that of the kidney. 

“No matter what kind of tissue you want to repair, you always need the material to be porous for the nutrients to be delivered and for the cells to survive, and you always want this minimally invasive approach, so, injectability,” Li said. 

The team’s hydrogel can also be used for purposes outside of regenerative medicine, such as in the field of microfluidics. Microfluidic devices can be thought of as small chips with circuits of fluids. Their applications are vast: For example, they can be used to model biological systems. According to Bao, scientists are even using microfluidics to study how drug treatments against COVID-19 would work in the lungs.

“It’s mostly being done in 2D [on a chip],” Bao said. “With our biomaterial, we can form a 3D environment [with the fluid flowing throughout the porous hydrogel], which gives a better mimicry of the human tissue. It could possibly change the way people do microfluidics.” 

McGill, News

Wellness Hub staff drawn to overwhelmed Quebec hospitals amid COVID-19 surge, leaving limited student appointments

The week of Jan. 3, Charlie*, U1 Medicine, said they contacted the Student Wellness Hub’s phone line every day of the week in an attempt to book an appointment for their partner, who was suffering from a concussion. Instead of receiving support at the Wellness Hub, which would be fully covered under McGill’s insurance plan, they were redirected to a hospital emergency room where there can be up-front costs for international students. According to Charlie, the operator informed them that all of the Wellness Hub’s medical staff had been reassigned to public hospitals as a result of the province’s surge in COVID-19 hospitalizations. 

“[The Wellness Hub is] actually luring you into almost a false sense of security, ” Charlie said in an interview with The McGill Tribune. “If I was a sick person who was getting worse day by day, I might avoid going to the ER because of the expense and instead […] hope that I get an appointment the next day and then the next day [at the Wellness Hub] and get sicker [in the meantime].” 

Frédérique Mazerolle, a McGill media relations officer, clarified that the hours physicians dedicate to the Wellness Hub are only ancillary, meaning they do not fulfil the Plans régionaux d’effectifs médicaux (PREM) or activités médicales particulières (AMP) requirements obligatory to practice medicine in Quebec.

“Our physicians are those who offer their time to us after fulfilling all these government-mandated requirements,” Mazerolle wrote in an email to the Tribune. “It is important to note that while we do serve a large number of students […], our services are not intended to serve as the primary care provider for our students.” 

Charlie believes that the Wellness Hub should be more transparent with the student body, and should notify students when they are unable to meet demands or handle emergency situations. 

“[The Wellness Hub] is being untruthful in that they are not clearly telling people that they really don’t have any appointments,” Charlie said. “[Limited access to physicians] is still a problem for the university because they need to offer their students healthcare and not just the illusion of healthcare, plus a fee that you have to pay for that illusion of healthcare.”

Arwyn Regimbal, U1 Social Work, sees many of the Wellness Hub’s weaknesses as indicative of a larger institutional defect, and expressed frustration with the Wellness Hub’s reactive, rather than proactive, mental health resources.

“If you just ignore minor health needs now, eventually they’ll be bigger health needs,” Regimbal said in an interview with the Tribune. “[The Wellness Hub’s counselling services] are very short term, i.e. crisis counselling, and I was told that long-term counselling isn’t really a thing [the Wellness Hub offers]. From the systemic view, I understand [that] mental health in Quebec is at a crisis point, but at the same time, keep.meSAFE is not an appropriate solution in the long term.”

The Wellness Hub has faced persistent criticism over its inaccessibility, prolonged wait times, and limited appointment availability.

Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) Mental Health Commissioner Julia Caddy acknowledged that student mental health has reached a critical point in light of the fluctuating and uncertain public health situation. Caddy shared Regimbal’s view that the Wellness Hub offers limited mental health services, but believes that SSMU can provide an alternative for students.

“One strategy is to meet students where they’re at by having more targeted initiatives and drop-in sessions for students to unload […] both as a social environment but also as support,” Caddy said in an interview with the Tribune. “If we can distribute people to the [options] that are actually relevant to them, it will decrease the demand and increase the capacity of the right services for the right people.”

*Charlie’s name has been changed to preserve their anonymity.

McGill, News

Students report loss of income and stressful working conditions amidst Omicron wave

McGill students with on-campus jobs are facing new struggles since the latest COVID-19 case surge driven by the Omicron variant. The provincial lockdown closed many non-essential sites of employment on campus, from Gerts Student Bar to the Athletics and Recreation facility, leaving some student employees without income. For students with essential jobs, on the other hand, the surge in cases has meant pressures to work over-time amid staffing shortages. 

Student jobs deemed essential include research employees working in Tier 1 activities and select student service positions offering in-person support, such as the Peer Health Ambassadors at the Student Wellness Hub. Students with jobs in McGill’s residences are also still working in person. 

Non-essential campus jobs have moved to a virtual setting or closed altogether, a move that has impacted students like Sabrina Ahmed, U2 Arts, who works as an office assistant at the currently closed Athletics and Recreations facility. Ahmed’s shifts scheduled throughout January were cancelled following the lockdown, impacting her ability to support herself financially. 

“All the income from my on-campus job went towards paying my rent,” wrote Ahmed. “Since I am an international student, the tuition fees I am required to pay are quite high, so my job was a way for me to contribute to my living expenses and reduce the burden on my parents. Now with no income of my own, it has definitely put more pressure on my parents to pay for my living costs on top of already high tuition fees.”

In an email to the Tribune, McGill media relations officer Frédérique Mazerolle listed some of McGill’s channels of financial support, including one specifically created for those dealing with a loss of income stemming from lockdown—the In-Course Financial Aid program

“Since the pandemic began, the Scholarships & Student Aid Office has received tremendous support from the University, donors and the provincial government to assist students with unexpected financial barriers,” wrote Mazerolle. “Nearly $6-million in one-time funding has been used to provide student bursaries for COVID-related situations—including remote learning tools, quarantine and lost or interrupted employment.” 

For some students in permitted on-campus positions, the spike in COVID-19 cases has made their jobs more strenuous. According to Beatrice Robert, U2 Arts and a floor fellow in multiple residences, there have been pressing staff shortages due to coworkers getting sick, resulting in frequent overtime work.

“I worked 50 plus hours [and] had to be called within 12 hours of a shift, because [another employee] was down for 10 days,” Robert said. “It’s just really tiring. But at the same time you try to be really flexible, because you know, it’s hard for everyone. And if you are available, you do not want to say no.”


The lack of adequate personal protective equipment on campus is another issue facing essential student employees. Though McGill offers free procedural masks, there is no widespread access to N95s or KN95s, which are now deemed essential for proper protection against the Omicron variant.

Student Life

Dance in the time of COVID-19

McGill’s dance community is labouring under a lack of recognition and support in the COVID-19 era. After fully online Zoom practices during the 2020-2021 school year, McGill dance troupes continued to struggle with restrictions on their practices and performances throughout the Fall 2021 semester. 

Some members of the dance community, including United Groove member Sophia Monahan, U1 History, said they felt unsupported and undervalued by the university, in comparison to intramural and varsity athletic teams.

“In the Fall 2021 semester, for some reason, we still weren’t allowed all 30+ of us in the room and we had to split up our rehearsals while sports and intramurals were allowed to gather to practice,” said Monahan. “Our typical McGill facility access was denied or extremely challenging to get.”

Isabel Heard, U3 Urban Studies and coordinator of multi-genre dance group Mosaica, shared similar sentiments. 

“One unfortunate reality that the dance community at McGill has faced is the experience of being seen as subordinate to sports teams. Dance sits right on the border between arts and sports, and we are proud of occupying that space,” Heard said. “Throughout COVID, we sat back and witnessed intramural and varsity sports teams practice maskless and hold games while we were unable to rehearse together.”

As COVID-19 restrictions tightened over the winter break, and as McGill transitioned back to online learning for the beginning of the Winter 2022 semester, dance groups were forced to bring their practices back to Zoom, much like the 2020-21 school year. 

Monahan expressed the frustrations and challenges of practicing online. 

“I danced all throughout high school and never once felt that I didn’t want to go to dance,” Monahan said. “After doing dance online for several months, I found myself exhausted and almost annoyed to have to turn on Zoom again.” 

In order to keep morale up and prevent dancers from abandoning their craft, many McGill dance groups significantly reduced their practice hours over Zoom. Alegria, McGill’s contemporary ballet company, cut its practices from six hours in person to two hours over Zoom per week.

Heard said Mosaica was also hit with the same frustrations that many dancers felt.

“A few members of Mosaica decided to pull out of the company once we went virtual, as virtual rehearsals can be unfulfilling and frustrating,” Heard said. “The barriers of learning original choreography without the company being in the same room is a huge hurdle for us. [It] has really limited our creative freedom, our opportunity to connect within our own community and provide the kind of support network we want to offer to our dancers.”

Not only were in-person practices cancelled for the Winter 2022 semester, but groups had to cancel performances they had been preparing all Fall 2021 semester for. In compliance with COVID-19 restrictions, Urban Groove, McGill’s hip-hop dance troupe, cancelled its showcase planned for February. 

“We had to readjust completely,” said Urban Groove coordinators Maya Baylis, U3 Social Work, and Lucie Russell-Kearns, U3 Arts and Science. “It was heartbreaking as we were really excited to finally perform together for an audience again.”

Alegria Contemporary Ballet Company’s co-presidents Hannah Dmowski, U2 Arts and Science, and Lillian Yoffe, U2 Science, shared similar disappointment as their guest performance at Urban Groove’s showcase was cancelled.

“For many of us, dancing is a huge part of our lives and our identities and serves as an important de-stressor,” Heard said. “I personally felt like my life lost a lot of meaning.”

Arts & Entertainment, Internet

Where do I begin: ‘Hot Ones’

In the Internet’s depthless sea of celebrity interviews, YouTube series Hot Ones offers a refreshingly authentic look into the lives of celebrities. The secret? Feeding guests unbearably hot chicken wings.

Hosted by Sean Evans and produced by First We Feast, the show draws audiences in with promises of, as Evans puts it, “hot questions and even hotter wings.” In each episode, Evans sits down with a famous guest to eat 10 chicken wings, each one topped with a hot sauce that gets increasingly spicier than the last. As if doing it once isn’t enough of a challenge, Evans manages to finish all 10 wings in every episode. With hot sauces ranging in spiciness from 1,800 to over 2,000,000 Scoville units, it is not uncommon for guests to react with statements similar to Joey Diaz’s during Season 3: “That is fuckin’ hot, Jack.” 

In between each wing, Evans asks guests questions about their personal life, public personas, and creative processes. With such a simple concept, it’s miraculous that the show is so popular. But after finishing its 16th season, the Hot Ones YouTube channel has garnered over 715 million views. On a platform flooded with content, the show manages to hold viewers’ attention by doing what no other show dares to do: Torture its guests. 

The show’s brilliance lies in how it puts its guests in vulnerable positions, encouraging them to open up. As the wings get progressively spicier, the questions become deeper and more personal. Although Evans’ interview style is seemingly laidback and casual, he lets the wings do the talking. As guests suffer and toil in the heat that lies on their own tongues, they tend to give honest, and often insightful answers. Sometimes they even lose bowel control.

Currently, the most-watched Hot Ones episode features Evans’ interview with Gordon Ramsay, from the eighth season. This episode gives us a private peek of a more soft-spoken Ramsay that directly conflicts with his belligerent TV persona. With a glimpse into his training as a chef, personal reflections on past contestants of his hit reality show Master Chef Jr., and the recipe for the perfect burger, Ramsay’s appearance is a perfect example of what the show does best; it allows—or at times forces—celebrities to turn off the act and really connect with the host. 

Possibly the most viral clip from the show is from “Paul Rudd Does a Historic Dab While Eating Spicy Wings.” Rudd reflects on the inauthentic nature of late-night talk shows and press junkets while offering insight on succeeding in show business for over 25 years. After finishing off the final wing, Rudd remarks to Evans, “Hey, look at us…who would have thought?” Rudd’s statement has been clipped into a six-second audio clip dubbed the ‘#paulruddchallenge’ which has been viewed just under a million times on TikTok

A favourite episode of mine is the fourth episode of season nine: “Aubrey Plaza Snorts Milk While Eating Spicy Wings.” Like many things Plaza is known to do, this interview can only be described as unhinged. As the video title suggests, to cope with the pain of the hot sauce, Plaza decides to pour milk up her nose. When the pain of the hot only sauce gets worse, Plaza entertains the possibility that she may be hallucinating. 

On a platform oversaturated with content, Hot Ones is a strange breath of fresh air. Evans’ interview style flawlessly rounds out the show’s unique format, cultivating original and light-hearted conversations that allow audiences to gain a new perspective on the guests. With its increasing popularity, Hot Ones has even released its own line of hot sauces so that fans of the show can play—or suffer—along at home. 

McGill, News, PGSS

Council members voice grievances about inadequate stipends at PGSS Legislative Council meeting

McGill’s Post-Graduate Students’ Society (PGSS) held its first virtual council meeting of the Winter 2022 semester on Jan. 12. Secretary-General Kristi Kouchakji announced the society’s efforts to improve COVID-19 safety standards for graduate students, such as distributing higher quality masks in graduate-student work areas. Councillors also discussed possible ways to distribute the pool of money from the now-defunct Legal Support Fund, and heard a presentation from the McGill Trainees’ Poverty Observatory on how to make the Faculty of Medicine’s harmonized stipend policy more equitable.

With the imminent return to on-campus learning on Jan. 24, Kouchakji noted that the PGSS is working closely with McGill facilities to add more mask dispensers in graduate school buildings and work areas. 

“I’m also very excited to say that we are in the early stages of organizing access to some higher quality masks for our members,” Kouchakji said. “N-95s, KN-95s, KN-94s, and any other mask-related PPE that you might want to use on campus can be put in the recycling bins, so that’s very exciting.”

The requirements to enter buildings such as The PGSS Thomson House—which will soon require proof of three vaccine doses for entry—were also discussed. Councillors then spoke about the continuation of online extracurricular activities for the foreseeable future.

Financial Affairs Officer Sophie Osiecki held discussion with various councillors regarding best how to  distribute the funds accrued from the Legal Support Fund. The society ceased collecting student fees for the fund as of Fall 2021. Osiecki advocated for putting the funds—which total approximately $125,000—toward McGill’s Need-Based Bursary Program. Councillors offered other suggestions, such as subsidizing the society’s legal protection plan, donating the money to the McGill Wellness Hub, or contributing it to the Society’s Special Projects Fund. In the end, they decided to postpone the verdict, encouraging members to send in their ideas via email for how they want the funds allocated.

The society’s final topic for the evening regarded a presentation by Morgan Maher, a third-year Philosophy PhD candidate, on behalf of the McGill Trainees’ Poverty Observatory—a group of student trainees from various departments advocating against student poverty. Maher’s presentation recounted a number of recommendations the Observatory has brought forward to the Faculty of Medicine regarding their Stipend Policy, including raising stipends. This Stipend Policy is intended to provide complete tuition and fee coverages, standardized living allowances, and a standardized policy on scholarship Top-Up awards for all thesis-based graduate students in the Faculty of Medicine.

Maher acknowledged that the policy is a step in the right direction for improving living standards for graduate students, but that it fails to address student poverty. According to Maher, the Harmonized Stipend Policy does not account for inflation and increasing costs of living. Even in 2019, when the policy was originally written, the living stipends were insufficient in providing students with enough money to live above Quebec’s poverty line. 

During the question period following Maher’s presentation, a representative from the McGill Biology Graduate Student Association (BGSA) detailed how Biology Graduate stipends can be deducted if students are also working as a teaching assistant (TA). 

“It is written in the [Department of Biology’s] contracts […] that TA pay can be deducted from stipends, meaning that, in some cases, you are actively punished for TA-ing,” the representative said. “It’s creating situations where some people working in the same lab are being paid drastically different amounts.”

Upon learning of the deducted TA wages, Kouchakji announced, “I am really mad, and I am going to close my microphone and keep yelling at the walls now.”

Soundbite:

“Deducting TA wages or [research assistant] wages from your funding is not acceptable, it is a form of wage theft,” said Kouchakji in response to the BGSA representative. “Doing it specifically with TA wages is actually a violation of the AGSEM collective agreement [….] This is not meant to be happening and the new funding letter template, when it was given out to [graduate program directors], made it explicitly clear that you cannot do this, as per the terms of the AGSEM collective agreement.”

Moment of the Meeting: 

Students from other departments, such as Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, aired frustrations about how their living stipends are inadequate for paying McGill’s tuition. Kouchakji detailed how, in her program, Communication Studies, students begin to receive lower stipend payments after four years of graduate work at McGill, effectively penalizing them for continuing in the program and doing research under the McGill name.

Chill Thrills, Student Life

Six cures for winter workout blues

Temperatures dipping into the negative 20s. Streets covered in ice, snow, and grey slush. Gyms closed. In Montreal, getting exercise is more challenging now than in warmer—and not to mention pre-pandemic—times. Even when considering indoor workouts, many students struggle with a lack of space and equipment, the presence of roommates, and stressful, busy schedules. Nevertheless, regular exercise is incredibly important as it improves mental and physical health, which can help with students’ academic performances and can also lead to the release of endorphins, which decrease the perception of pain.

Although exercise options may be limited because students are stuck indoors for most—if not all—of the day, it’s possible to still stay active. A survey that concluded in 2021 revealed that the start of the pandemic triggered the growth of home fitness app downloads by 46 per cent globally. From the comfort of home, or even in small shared spaces, there are always creative ways to reach your daily exercise goals.

  1. Shadow boxing

One type of workout to try is shadow boxing, a type of cardio. Specifically, it is a martial art training method and endurance workout that involves punching the air. While it may feel unnatural to some, shadow boxing is a great full-body workout, and helps improve coordination, physique, and posture. Also, there is no need for punching bags, boxing gloves or headgear!

  1. Apartment-friendly cardio

Apartment-friendly cardio is not limited to boxing. Such types of exercises are great if you need to be mindful of neighbours, roommates, or family members. There are short-but-effective online workouts, like Zumba classes, that are fun and make people happy. Cardio is a beneficial form of exercise known for improving brain and joint health, promoting REM sleep, and increasing circulation, which helps to clear skin, aid digestion, and combat depression, all without the necessity of purchasing equipment.

  1. Yoga and pilates

Other types of popular indoor workouts include yoga and pilates. Both workouts aid stress management and relaxation, which can be beneficial for university students during a difficult semester. Yoga and pilates also help improve physical coordination, balance, and flexibility. While it may be helpful to invest in a yoga or pilates mat for comfort purposes, they are not necessary for completing the exercises.

  1. Strength training

Strength training is another type of indoor workout that is a great way to keep bones strong and healthy, boost your metabolism, and reduce the risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. Though strength training traditionally involves more equipment, calisthenics is one form that utilizes only your body mass; this type of workout can include exercises like jump squats, pushups, crunches, and plank. 

  1. High Intensity Interval Training

High Intensity Interval Training, also known as HIIT, is another popular indoor training to try, as there are many HIIT videos to follow that are short and sweet––perfect for university students to use in between online classes. While they don’t take much time to complete, this kind of exercise increases metabolic rate for hours even after completion.

  1. Taking a walk

Last but not least, though it may be cold, slippery, and slushy, going outside and getting fresh air is still incredibly important for mental and physical health. Some benefits of going on walks include improved cardiovascular fitness, moods, cognition, memory, and sleep, as well as increased energy levels and stronger immune systems––take that, COVID! Walks can also help to reduce stress and tension. If you prefer your outdoor venture to be a bit more intense, try running at a slow pace that feels comfortable to you; this way, you won’t begin to see the exercise as a grueling task to avoid and will more likely stick to it in your fitness routine.

Emerging Trends, Student Life

Balaclavas: Where practicality and personality meet

Balaclavas have recently stepped on the scene, taking the fashion world by storm. In the past year, the Google search “how to knit a balaclava” grew by five thousand per cent. What was once deemed unfashionable has dramatically taken off. 

Typically made out of wool or other kinds of yarn, balaclavas are meant to cover almost the entirety of your neck, head, and face. Clearly, the idle hands that took up crocheting and knitting during the pandemic are itching to create their own balaclava project.  

If you’ve been on TikTok these past few months, you might have encountered the accessory on your feed in a handmade variation, with commenters demanding tutorials and asking for stitch-types.

For frigidly cold places like Montreal, balaclavas are practical, explaining their quick rise in popularity. The necessity of face protection in our lives the past two years have definitely influenced what we find trendy as well as convenient, making the balaclava a perfect accessory that keeps users both comfortable and fashionable while donning our facial masks. Others simply might use it as a unique alternative to the beanie.

The original use of the balaclava leans into its practicality. The accessory’s roots can be traced back to the Crimean War in 1853. Its name comes specifically from the Battle of Balaclava fought during the war. 

During the Battle of Balaclava, British troops were stuck in the port of Balaclava in the southern Crimea while on their way to siege the Crimean capital, Sevastopol, from the Russians. Supplies were impossible to deliver to British troops because of the freezing weather, leaving many soldiers to starve or develop frostbite. Britain officials promptly supplied their troops with knitted headgear to keep them safe and warm in the subzero temperatures. The goal was to cover the entire head, the place where most heat is lost in the body.

Although the balaclava’s rise as a trend comes under less urgent circumstances, the accessory is certainly a testament to people’s turn to creative outlets with tangible results during the pandemic. Though neutral styles can be a staple for warmth, many have picked up crocheting or knitting to create balaclavas with their own sprinkle of individuality, especially as the project doesn’t take much yarn, or time. 

“I’ve been eyeing them since last winter,” said recent balaclava purchaser and U3 Arts student Yu Xuan Zhao. “It’s a good way to support small businesses [….] If you ask to commission a piece or even DIY it, it can be even more unique and sentimental because you get to choose your own yarn.” 

On a more immediate scope, the balaclava reflects an overarching trend in pandemic-era fashion: The desire for practicality and style. From bright athleisure to rubbery crocs to fluffy uggs, it seems most people are turning to comfortable, convenient styles that still leave room for individual expression. 

For others, the accessory is tied to race, gender, and religious issues. The accessory resembles the hijab, a religious head scarf worn by Muslim women. While some Muslim women hope that the trend can propel a more empathetic understanding of the hijab, others see it as evidence of the freedom given to white femininity. In Quebec, a teacher was recently fired from her job for wearing a hijab after the school board determined she was in violation of Bill 21.

There’s no telling whether balaclavas might simply be another microtrend or an accessory that sticks around each wintertime, but like any fashion trend, the garment carries complex communal and individual significance for its wearer. 

Student Life

Travelling with caution

After cancelling the Fall 2021 exchange program and nearly cancelling the Winter 2022 exchange program, McGill announced in November 2021 that this semester’s exchange program would proceed as planned. But with the ongoing pandemic causing travel disruptions worldwide, this year’s exchange program is not without its complications. Despite the rapid spread of the Omicron variant and Quebec’s latest lockdown, McGill students are still packing their bags for international destinations this winter. 

The decision to reinstate the exchange program for Winter 2022 came after Global Affairs Canada lifted a travel advisory on all non-essential travel outside of Canada. However, as of Dec. 15, 2021, the COVID-19 Global travel advisory once again encouraged Canadians to avoid all non-essential international travel due to the Omicron variant. Nevertheless, McGill Abroad decided not to cancel this semester’s exchange, but is encouraging students to proceed with caution

Students planning to go on exchange this semester have had to navigate the ongoing COVID-19 developments, as well as mixed messages from McGill Abroad. 

Molly Westrup, U3 Arts, is planning to attend Trinity College Dublin this semester. Westrup expressed to the Tribune that she had doubts about the COVID-19 situation while planning her exchange. 

“[O]f course I was nervous because everything’s so up in the air all the time,” Westrup said. “In early October it did get cancelled [because] of COVID.”

Westrup noted that while she had “made peace with it [being cancelled],” she “was happy when it got reinstated.” 

Megan Waters, U3 Arts, explained that McGill’s lack of clarity on whether exchanges would happen this semester contributed to her anxiety.

“McGill added a lot to my anxiety during the whole process with the constant cancelling, reinstating, and properly cancelling,” Waters said. “So that made me nervous, not just because of COVID, but because of the lack of clarity of what I will be doing in two, three months time.” 

Waters was far from the only student frustrated with McGill’s communication about exchanges. In an email to the Tribune, Henry Ceffalio, U2 Arts, highlighted how McGill’s decision to cancel and then reinstate the exchange made organizing his affairs abroad particularly challenging. 

“McGill’s cancellation and later [reinstatement] of exchanges caused a lot of logistical challenges for me,” Ceffalio wrote. “McGill cancelled exchanges on October 5th and didn’t confirm that my exchange was fully reinstated until November 11th. I didn’t receive my visa until just days before travelling and nearly all of the housing options offered by my university in France were filled by the time I applied.” 

Ceffalio further explained that he would have been unprepared to stay in Montreal had the exchange been cancelled. 

“I was blind-sided when McGill initially cancelled exchanges,” Ceffalio wrote. “I had no backup plan for how I’d be able to live in Montreal and attend McGill in Winter 2022. I wasn’t signed up for Winter classes and didn’t have an apartment in Montreal. I had to scramble to figure those things out, only to be told that I could actually go abroad.”

Although students expressed frustration over the university’s poor communication with regards to the winter exchange program, many are excited to embark on their international adventure. 

When asked whether she worried that COVID-19 regulations would taint her experience on exchange in Dublin, Westrup replied enthusiastically that she would make the best of the situation, while proceeding with caution. 

“Technically I’m abroad right now [as an American],” Westrup said. “My second year was tainted by COVID regulations […] but now I’m much more accustomed to what I’m comfortable with and [determining] what seems safe to me. So I think I’ll be able to have a really good experience on my own terms without having COVID take hold of it.” 

After nearly two full years of living through a global pandemic, McGill students feel both thrill and uncertainty in dusting off their suitcases for a long-awaited semester abroad. 

Sports

Varsity Council speaks out against sports shutdown

Following the spike in COVID-19 cases associated with the Omicron variant, McGill varsity athletes have, for the third time, been forced to press pause on their seasons and their training. After an announcement from the RSEQ confirming the postponement of all sports due to measures imposed by Quebec’s Ministry of Health, McGill Athletics announced on Jan. 6 that sports would be postponed indefinitely. Although in-person teaching is slated to start again on Jan. 24, there has been no definite date set for the resumption of extracurriculars, including sports. Further, once sports are given the go-ahead, teams will be given two full weeks to practice before they are able to compete. 

Many of those athletes who rely on their sport for structure and stress relief were disappointed by the announcement. Chloe Fleurent-Gregoire, a master’s student in nutritional science and member of the McGill Track and Field team, misses the support of her team and her sport.

“[Being in] my final year of eligibility, it’s really disappointing to finish really abruptly and [it’s] very isolating without being surrounded by teammates,” Fleurent-Gregoire said. “Studies seem harder without daily, structured sport.” 

With the ever-changing COVID-19 situation, Fleurent-Gregoire is unsure when she and her teammates will be able to return to competition.

While McGill Athletics is closely monitoring the situation—sending out emails whenever they receive updates regarding governmental restrictions—athletes are becoming frustrated with what many view as overly restrictive policies.

However, one student group is standing up for both varsity athletes and other students: The McGill Varsity Sports Council. Composed entirely of students from a wide variety of varsity teams, including members from teams that recently saw their seasons axed, the group serves to represent the interests of McGill athletes to the university’s administration. 

In a recent Instagram post, the council was disappointed with how the Quebec government has handled athletics and recreation during the pandemic, especially the recent decision to postpone the seasons of many teams. 

They expressed their despondency that the government appears to have no definite end goal for the suspension, and no plan for the long-term provision of safe sport for communities in Quebec. The council’s VP Communications and U3 student Owen Cumming expressed his distress at the “all or nothing” approach.

“Quebec needs to look for safer ways to keep things going,” Cumming said. “Increasing social distance and reducing the amount of people training at once is still training. However, when shutdowns occur, we immediately go back to step one, [full cancellation]. The mindset is not to keep things going.”

The council was also confused by the decision to omit student athletes from the elite sport exemption, a rule which allows elite athletes to continue to practice, with increased safety measures, despite the public health restrictions. The council wishes for clarity in this choice, and wants answers from the Quebec government as to why university sport is sidelined. The council’s chairperson, Evelyn Silverson-Tokatlidis, a fifth-year student on the women’s rugby team, stressed that for many student athletes at McGill, sport is more than just a game.

“You have so many students [at McGill] trying to get recruited to take their sports to the next level,” said Silverson-Tokatlidis. “But athletes who have been out of their sport for the last two years from schools in Canada can’t have the same stats or film as someone from the United States. There are countless examples of peoples’ careers being impacted by these shutdowns.”

Cumming further noted that other provincial leagues, like the Quebec Junior Hockey League, are being allowed to continue despite the circumstances.

“The huge frustration is that university students are often coming to play high level sports, which is an equivalent thing,” Cumming said. “We [varsity sports] are not an amateur league.”

The council hopes that their message can start more conversations about athletics and wellness at the university, despite the measures imposed by the Quebec government. 

“The goal of every team at McGill, as well as the council and the athletics administration, is how we get people to feel more pride for their school through athletics,” said Cumming. “Things will be slow to move, but we want to provide transparency and be the outlet for the voices of student athletes.”

The two council members also acknowledged the hard work done by the staff at McGill athletics to get sports started up again in  Fall 2021, and highlighted that most legislative hurdles stem from the government, not from the university 

“We find that because of the constraints on McGill athletics administration imposed by the government, especially with how late cancellation decisions are made, the voices of athletes are rarely being considered,” said Cumming.

The group wrapped up by acknowledging that the closure of health and fitness facilities across the province is not only affecting student athletes, but the community as a whole. During freezing cold Quebec winters, gyms and fitness facilities are often the only option for many to stay active. Furthermore, the mental health benefits of exercise are enormous, especially for a student body that has spent two exhausting years schooling online.   

“Two years ago, almost a quarter of the student body used McGill athletics facilities,” said Silverson-Tokatlidis. “There are so many people who love to run on the treadmill and lift weights and love that release from their day-to-day lives.”

Matthew Beaudet, U2 Engineering and member of the McGill Cross Country team, has found the transition to training outside and alone to be challenging.

“The most difficult thing was returning to training alone outside,” said Beaudet.  “I’ve been doing pretty much all of it alone [….] But I’ve tried to focus on what I can control, so just continuing to train for when races resume,” said Beaudet. 

While most track athletes have been training solo, other programs, like McGill women’s volleyball, have been able to keep in touch through various virtual platforms. Third-year middle blocker Ramou Taal is grateful for the support of her teammates, but is anxious to get back on the court.

(Matt Garies / McGill Athletics)

“Luckily, our team is a close group of girls and we have been in contact, whether that was through our Zoom sessions or through social media, but we have all been on the edge of our seats waiting for a return,” Taal said. 

Although some teams like volleyball have been able to keep in touch virtually, the ability to train and compete with teammates in person is beneficial for the athletes’ mental and physical well-being. 

“Beyond anything else, playing sports has such a huge value to people, no matter the level,” said Silverson-Tokatlidis. “It hurts people to not be able to live their lives through the sports they choose, it hurts their physical and mental health.”

While students are returning to in-person classes on Jan. 24, it remains to be seen when varsity athletes and other McGillians who regularly use the athletics centre will see a glimpse of normalcy.

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