Quebec Health Minister Christian Dubé recently announced reform plans for Quebec’s healthcare system, which include restricting new doctors to the public sector and potentially invoking the notwithstanding clause to enforce compliance. The provincial doctor shortage is a pressing issue: Quebec has seen a 70 per cent increase in physicians moving to the private sector since 2020. Contributing factors like difficult working conditions, excessive paperwork, and restrictive policies have driven doctors out of the public sector, yet the minister’s plans do not adequately address or offer solutions to these underlying issues. As a result, public healthcare accessibility has worsened, with increasing wait times for essential treatments and over two million Quebecers lacking access to a family doctor. This situation reveals systemic failures in supporting public-sector doctors and exposes a troubling pattern of neglect toward marginalized communities.
Due to being understaffed and overwhelmed, Quebec doctors struggle to provide adequate time or empathy to their patients—a deficiency whose effects particularly impact BIPOC and 2SLGBTQIA+ groups, who face discrimination and inappropriate medical questioning. The Canadian healthcare system still predominantly serves a white, cisgender, patriarchal model, contributing to widespread misdiagnoses for those who do not fit this profile. As such, non-white individuals are more likely to experience medical discrimination; women of colour are often dismissed by doctors who fail to take their symptoms seriously, while dermatological medical conditions are often misinterpreted on darker skin.
The detrimental impact of this crisis disproportionately affects Indigenous populations who face life-threatening discrimination within healthcare settings. Inuit patients from Nunavik, for example, must often travel to Montreal for medical care, as their region lacks sufficient healthcare resources. Ullivik Lodge, intended as a supportive space for these patients, has faced serious issues—unsanitary conditions, staff disrespect, and mismanagement—compromising patient well-being. Furthermore, the provincial government’s oversimplified and superficial 90-minute online sensitivity training course for healthcare professionals fails to meaningfully engage Indigenous voices or ensure cultural safety for the large Indigenous populations it serves. This broader issue of disrespect and trauma faced by Indigenous patients is clear all over Canada, as was made clear in Saskatoon when doctors cut off Métis elder Ruben St. Charles’ long ponytail—a symbol of his heritage—without consent during a hospital stay.
Indigenous health needs, which are deeply influenced by cultural values, go mostly unrecognized in Quebec’s healthcare system, which was designed without Indigenous input. This maltreatment has led to severe consequences for Indigenous communities, who already experience reduced life expectancy, insufficient or even harmful medical care, and cultural insensitivity, exacerbating historical trauma.
One major obstacle to overcoming this crisis is Quebec’s recent tuition hikes, which restrict access to medical education and discourage aspiring healthcare professionals. These financial changes not only limit McGill’s ability to foster new talent in the healthcare field but also exacerbate the existing shortages in Quebec’s public health sector. Still, it is not completely out of the university’s hands: As a leading research institution, McGill has a responsibility to drive progress in Canada’s healthcare system through education and innovation and a duty to support other essential public sectors, such as healthcare, that serve the broader community—a commitment that is more critical than ever in light of the current crisis.
To address these structural issues, healthcare leaders need to proactively work to dismantle systemic racism. This involves more than short sensitivity courses; it requires integrating Indigenous and marginalized perspectives into healthcare education. Universities, especially those like McGill which have significant influence, must implement comprehensive cultural competency training in their medical programs. This training must centre unlearning ingrained biases, not simply learning new concepts. Incorporating Indigenous health perspectives as mandatory components of the curriculum, as seen in Manitoba’s Indigenous studies prerequisite for medical school, could pave the way for a more inclusive healthcare system. McGill can further support these efforts by encouraging inclusive innovation and the inclusion of cultural lifeways within the medical field. This would foster a new generation of healthcare providers who approach medicine with a culturally-informed perspective, not only to better serve Indigenous communities and communities of colour, but to enrich Canada’s healthcare system as a whole.
On Nov. 5, McGill President and Vice-Chancellor Deep Saini, accompanied by the heads of other major Quebec universities and CEGEPs, spoke at a public consultation at the National Assembly of Quebec regarding the province’s proposed Bill 74. If passed, the bill would allow the provincial government to put a cap on the number of international students that can be admitted to Quebec universities and CEGEPs.
McGill, alongside Université de Montréal, Université de Sherbrooke, and Université Laval, called to be exempted from the proposed cap. They argued it would hurt Quebec’s competitiveness as a centre for research, and restrict universities’ autonomy by granting the government control over the number of international students admitted, and the programs they could enroll in.
In the past decade, the number of international students in Quebec has risen from 50,000 to nearly 120,000, which the government says has contributed to a strain on public services and real estate. In response, the Quebec government proposed Bill 74, titled ‘An Act mainly to improve the regulatory scheme governing international students.’
The bill would amend the Québec Immigration Act, allowing the government to enforce a cap on the number of international students admitted to higher education institutions. The bill would also allow the government to determine the number of international students at any given institution, and even accept students based on their program and mandate certain courses.
The National Assembly of Quebec held a public consultation regarding the bill on Nov. 5, in which Saini and other university leaders argued that certain universities ought to be exempted from the cap.
“At McGill, the percentage and actual number of international students has remained more or less constant over the past 10 years,” Saini said at the consultation. “We’re not responsible for the huge increase [in the number] of international students here in Quebec.”*
In a joint statement presented at the consultation, the universities argued that placing a cap on the number of international students accepted would stifle research output and jeopardize institutions’ ability to retain student talent.
“In its current form, Bill 74 jeopardizes our universities’ ability to attract highly talented international students, further reducing our capacity to attract high-calibre professors and researchers,” the statement read. “The autonomy of universities enables them to be the place where disciplines and discoveries emerge, with measurable long-term benefits [….] The introduction of a bill whose regulations could limit or constrain universities threatens this autonomy, which has proved highly beneficial to Quebec in the past.”*
The universities acknowledged that some higher-education institutions may have accepted more international students than their communities could absorb. However, they urged the government to pass more nuanced legislation to prevent harming research institutions through a generalized cap.
“The problem is there are some bad actors in our system,” Saini said in the consultation. “The government has all the tools that it can possibly need to solve that problem. We just have to be surgical. We don’t give medicine that will have a whole bunch of side effects.”*
Jennifer Elrick, Associate Professor of Sociology at McGill and Chair of Multiculturalism in the department, told The Tribune that she believes that Quebec’s attempt to regulate international student numbers is a logical extension of the control the government already has over permanent economic immigration.
“[Temporary immigration] numbers have been going up against the backdrop of domestic policy areas like housing, and healthcare infrastructure, all sort of being retooled and starved for funding since the 90s,” Elrick said. “No one really had their eye on what it meant to be bringing in more people while neglecting healthcare, education, infrastructure, and other areas of society.”
However, Elrick does not believe that international students are the primary source of strain on Quebec’s public services and housing market.
“Tinkering with immigration levels, be they international students, temporary foreign workers, [or] permanent residents, is not going to solve deeply-rooted and complicated domestic policy issues like housing, education, climate change, [or] the economy,” she said. *These quotes were translated from French.
It’s Halloween day, 2024. You and all your friends are in pursuit of what may be the pinnacle of McGill first-year social life: Halloween Thirsty Thursday at Café Campus.
The tickets are bound to sell out as soon as they drop, and to make matters worse, sales are only going live at noon. However, your plan is foolproof. You and your friends will all log on to the Café Campus website and simultaneously attempt to buy the tickets in bulk. That way, even if the online queue is disgustingly long, someone is bound to secure the highly sought-after tickets. The clock strikes 12. Across the McGill residences, first-years and upperclassmen alike are refreshing their browsers. A 504 error later and your place in the queue is being calculated. Your heart drops. You are number 2,381 in line.
This Halloween, Café Campus’ tickets sold out almost immediately, making attendance at this coveted location incredibly exclusive. But, how much would //you// pay in the face of FOMO? Tickets for Halloween Night One were already valued at a higher price than the usual club entry fee, with tickets being sold for $30 CAD at the door instead of the $20 CAD online ticket. Yet, clearly—and perhaps unsurprisingly—thousands of students were prepared to spend these inflated amounts.
What //is// surprising are the prices students were offering in McGill residence group chats. Within an hour of Café tickets selling out, students were reselling theirs at extreme prices ranging from roughly $50 CAD to over $200 CAD. Of course, the unrealistically expensive tickets were likely not purchased at the prices proposed by their sellers, but a broader truth still remains: McGill students are practicing extreme, unethical ticket scalping.
Although it may sound silly in writing, Café Campus is a space many McGill first-years flock to when seeking to make friends and experience Montréal nightlife for the first time. When tickets are increasingly financially difficult to obtain, economic barriers fracture the student body between those who can afford the steep resale prices and those who cannot. Ticket scalpers capitalize on this reality; it’s Café Campus’s status as a popular social space that enables exorbitant markups.
What McGill students may not know, however, is that a ticket-scalping side hustle can be illegal in Quebec. While most Canadian provinces require ticket scalpers to file a T2125 tax form for profits from ticket reselling, Quebec has stricter regulations. The Office of Consumer Protection in Quebec has prohibited the resale of tickets at prices above their face value since 2012, as per Bill 25. Those who violate the law will face fines between $1,000 CAD to $2,000 CAD for first-time offences and up to $200,000 CAD for repeated violations. For students who have been making a habit of ticket scalping, this legislation should serve as a terrifying deterrent.
So, will McGill students be attacked with lawsuits and charged with fines? It depends. Café Campus ticket scalpers are dancing along an interesting loophole. Currently, the resale of tickets at inflated prices is not punishable by law if the transaction occurs between two consumers. Many websites like StubHub take advantage of this legal loophole, describing their website as a platform for inter-consumer ticket sales, much like AirBnB is a platform for inter-consumer house or apartment rentals. In this way, sites manage to serve as vendors for illegally price-gouged tickets without facing fines. The question of whether a residence hall Instagram group chat violates the concept of the two-consumer rule is unclear. It will likely come as no shock that there is no Canadian legal precedent for a Café Campus Halloween ticket scalping frenzy.
Still, regardless of the potential legal repercussions that ticket scalpers may face, McGill students should feel a social—or even moral—responsibility to avoid the harmful practice.
And yes, I am bitter that I didn’t get a Café Campus ticket.
The SSMU Base Fee increase was rejected with 58.1 per cent of voters casting a “No” vote. The motion sought to raise the semesterly fee that students pay for SSMU services by $14.68 CAD for full-time students to a total of $85.81 CAD and an increase of $7.22 CAD for part-time students to a total of $41.66 CAD. SSMU claimed the increase in funds would allow the organization to eliminate its current deficit of between $400,000 to $1.3 million CAD, and increase SSMUnion members’ salaries to reflect inflation. Without the added increase, SSMU stated that the organization will have to cut staff as well as funding for clubs, initiatives, programs, and student financial assistance.
In a written statement to The Tribune, SSMU President Dymetri Taylor explained that he believes the referendum question was rejected due to waning interest in the student union.
“Frankly, I’m neutral about the results,” Taylor wrote. “I hope that this serves as a waking-up call that perhaps the SSMU needs to work on improving its relationship with the student population and showcase why it is a vital part of our university’s culture, which has been degraded in recent years.”
Voters also rejected the Creation of a Contribution to Support Francophone Affairs. A vote in favour would have support creating an opt-outable fee of $1.00 CAD per semester to support francophone clubs and translation services. The measure failed with 59.7 per cent of voters selecting “No.” Maëla Dube, the SSMU Francophone Affairs Commissioner, explained to The Tribune that current francophone groups receive little to no funding from SSMU.
“I think [it] is a reflection of the experience of being francophone at an anglophone university in Quebec while also being a consequence of current governmental politics that make advocating for francophone rights and promoting the French language difficult,” Dube wrote.
While SSMU did not get some of the results it hoped for, many other organizations were successful in the referendum. CKUT, a campus and community radio station based at McGill, received its first fee increase since 2012, with 60 per cent of participating students voting “Yes.”
In a written statement to The Tribune, Madeline Lines, a representative for the radio station, relayed that CKUT staff, volunteers, and community members are “elated and relieved” with the result.
“CKUT’s deficit will be eliminated, staff will receive a more livable wage, and the workshops, student jobs, and overall offerings the station will be able to offer will be expanded,” Lines wrote. “CKUT will be able to go from surviving to thriving with this result.”
Voters also approved the Committee Engagement Fee Renewal with a 67.9 per cent “Yes” vote. The $0.72 CAD per semester opt-outable fee funds students and clubs at McGill, and seeks to give students autonomy to create events.
SSMU Community Engagement Commissioner Nika Rovensky highlighted that the fee increase will help establish new initiatives, such as the creation of a free food pantry that seeks to address food insecurity on campus.
The QPIRG fee increase from $5.00 CAD to $6.75 CAD passed, with a 53.8 per cent “Yes” vote. The increased funding will help QPIRG maintain programs like its free textbook loan program, upkeeping its alternative library, and supporting independent research projects over the summer.
“Passing this referendum ensures that we can strengthen the communities around us, and that we can support activists who fight for social change for the years to come,” the QPIRG team wrote to The Tribune.
The group also noted how significant this favourable vote is for them, especially considering students’ financial limitations.
“We don’t take it for granted that students have voted to increase our funding at a time of unprecedented inflation, when their own finances may be severely constrained,” QPIRG wrote. “We aim to give them back greater value than what they contributed to us.”
PGSS’s Fall General Meeting included key discussion points such as an update from the Quebec Student Union (QSU), a motion to share an Expression of Concern (EoC) on Palestine, and concerns from a Macdonald Campus student about parking and childcare services.
After Speaker Vibhuti Dikshit opened the meeting, Vice-President of the QSU Tania Michaud provided updates on the union’s campaigns to address food insecurity, student mental health, and financial aid. The QSU is an association that represents its member associations, such as PGSS, to the provincial government for improvements in student conditions. Michaud emphasized the need for more funding through the Quebec Research Fund. She also encouraged students to fill out the Quebec Provincial Survey on Student Mental Health in Higher Education and its Determinants.
Most of the meeting’s discussion centred around Motion 7.1: “Motion for the PGSS to share the recent Expression of Concern submitted by the McGill community.” This EoC, submitted by the McGill Graduate Students for Palestine, urges McGill to divest from companies complicit in Israel’s occupation of Palestine.
Andrew Carkner, a PhD candidate in chemical engineering, introduced the motion, stressing that divestment has been an effective tool for social change at McGill, citing South African apartheid as a historical precedent. Following a petition that gathered over 600 signatures, the EoC was submitted to McGill’s Committee on Sustainability and Social Responsibility for review. Through Motion 7.1, Carkner argued that PGSS members ought to know the content of this EoC.
During the discussion, Jonathan Hubermann and Eleane Hamburger, two Master’s students in experimental surgery, expressed concerns about the clarity and consistency of the motion. They argued that the document was vague in its terms, lacked proofs and definitions, and had spelling mistakes. The two advocated for the vote to be delayed to the next meeting so that people would have time to reexamine the motion.
Nick Vieira, a PhD candidate in astrophysics, proposed amendments to the motion for it to reflect what he alleged should have been the version on the agenda. This included having “Palestine” in the motion’s title. He also raised concerns that PGSS had altered the language to “share the context” rather than directly distributing the EoC, which he viewed as diluting the motion’s intent. Eventually, the assembly voted to approve the amended motion put forth by Vieira, with 73 in favour and 10 against.
The meeting concluded with Macdonald Campus graduate student in Food Science Ekua Manful raising concerns about parking availability for students with dependents and the lack of childcare services on the satellite campus. PGSS executives said they would work with the Macdonald Campus Graduate Students’ Society to address these issues and invited Manful to contact the PGSS External Affairs Officer and Mac Campus Commissioner.
The council’s fourth meeting of the semester began with reports presented by committees, executives, and councillors. Vice President (VP) Operations and Sustainability Meg Baltes announced her resignation, effective at the end of the semester. She noted that bi-elections for hers and the position of VP Student Life—vacant since Chloé Muñoz’s resignation on Oct. 29—are open.
The council moved on to debate four motions; the first was the Motion Regarding the SSMU Policy Against Antisemitism, presented by VP External Affairs Hugo-Victor Solomon. The motion aims to provide specific cultural, ethnic, and religiously sensitive measures to combat antisemitism for students. It also seeks to improve advocacy, communication, education, and trust between the SSMU, the McGill administration, and Jewish student groups. Solomon explained that consultation for the policy involved many actors including various Jewish student groups on campus. During the Q&A period of the meeting, he explained that he did not consult Israel on Campus (IOC) as the group had been deemed inactive by Muñoz per the SSMU’s Internal Regulations of Student Groups. Further, he explained that student groups involved in the consultations were strictly those who self identify as Jewish student organizations.
Later on in the Q&A session, several council members expressed dissatisfaction with the proposed definition of antisemitism in the motion. It defined antisemitism as the discrimination against Jewish people or Jewish institutions, as well as conditions that marginalize Jews, hindering their ability to participate as equals in political, religious, cultural, economic, or social life.
Multiple executives disagreed that the definition was unsatisfactory. VP Internal Affairs Zeena Zahidah expressed that the policy was broad in order to encapsulate various Jewish student experiences and to provide swift action against antisemitism.
In response, Music Senator Seraphina Crema Black put forth a motion to create a working group to amend the proposed policy which would include SSMU External Affairs and representatives from all interested McGill Jewish student groups. Her proposal sparked intense debates, with some believing the working group was necessary to come to a consensus while others saw it as a measure to shut down the conversation and leave the council without a working policy to address antisemitism. Some councillors pointed out that since no concrete amendments had been proposed, the motion should be passed. Ultimately, the council tabled the motion until the next meeting, cancelling Black’s motion.
The council then moved on to the Motion Concernant la Politique des Affaires Francophones de l’AÉUM introduced by Solomon. The motion aims to promote the growth and endurance of the Francophone Affairs Committee (CAF). It also strives to provide funding to help cover the salary of the Commission des affaires francophones and part-time translators, and enhance accessibility to services for francophone students. Arts Councillor Rishi Kalaga asked to postpone the motion, saying he couldn’t understand it because it was in French, despite receiving it two weeks earlier. During the debate, some councillors expressed frustration that others had not taken the time to read the policy in advance of the meeting. Ultimately, the motion was approved.
Council also approved a motion on the Legislative Council Statement on Campus Emergency Measures 2024-2025, presented by VP University Affairs Abe Berglas. Additionally, Baltes introduced a motion to allow the VP Operations and Sustainability and President to fulfill the VP Student Life’s responsibility of leading the club committee until someone assumes the role. The motion passed unanimously.
McGill Senate and Board of Governors (BoG) Nov. 7 joint meeting
The Senate and BoG came together in the Faculty Club for the annual joint meeting of the governing bodies. The group focused on financial challenges the university faces arising from a number of pressures from the provincial government, including the tuition increases for out-of-province students, efforts to impose a cap on international students through Bill 74, and limits on funding for university capital projects.
McGill President and Vice-Chancellor Deep Saini noted in his opening remarks that there is a perception that measures to adapt to these financial pressures are the responsibility of the senior administration team alone.
“We need to shed that fallacy,” Saini said. “It’s our collective responsibility.”
Addressing members of the Senate and BoG, Associate Provost (Teaching and Academic Planning) Christopher Buddle explored ways that the university could cut costs by reviewing the academic programs it offers. While some study areas are growing in enrollment—such as bioengineering and psychology—others are decreasing. Buddle drew attention to the fact that McGill currently offers roughly 415 degree programs, yet in Fall 2023, 73 programs had no students enrolled in them. He did not specify which programs. As Buddle emphasized, changing the university’s offering of programs would not necessarily mean slashing them. It could, however, mean retiring, restructuring, and even developing new programs.
In his presentation, Vice-President (Administration and Finance) Fabrice Labeau discussed how the university can begin to “transform” its delivery of services. Labeau stressed the need to increase efficiencies, such as through eliminating red tape—bureaucratic formalities that waste time—and to ensure that all members of the university community are working together to integrate changes. He also pointed to the imperative in increasing space efficiency on campus, especially since more McGill staff have begun to work from home since the pandemic.
Then, Provost and Executive Vice-President (Academic) Christopher Manfredi gave a presentation on how McGill hopes to change its budget model to respond to financial challenges. Manfredi explained that McGill has an incremental budgetary model wherein all revenue flows to the Provost, who distributes the funds to different units. This stands in contrast to the Responsibility Centre Management or Activity-Based Budgeting models, wherein each unit controls its own budget and revenue. According to Manfredi, McGill will seek to move to a hybrid model, which may help incentivize faculties to develop new programs to attract more students and revenue.
Following presentations from various members of the senior administration, there was a discussion period in which Senators and BoG members brought questions and concerns to the administrative team.
In his closing remarks, Saini highlighted the need to engage all members of the McGill community in addressing the university’s financial situation, including students. He also addressed the “trust deficit” between faculty and administration at the university and acknowledged the need for the latter “to restore it.”
A previous version of this article stated that SSMU did not consult Israel on Campus (IOC) in its drafting of the SSMU Policy Against Antisemitism because of its previous inactivity. In fact, consultation did not occur because IOC had already been deemed inactive by former VP Student Life Chloé Muñoz before she left her role per the SSMU’s Internal Regulations of Student Groups. Further, IOC was not consulted because they are not a self-identified Jewish group. The Tribune regrets this error.
The 2024-2025 Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League (UCL) season saw the first dramatic change to the league’s format since the second group stage—introduced in 1999—was dropped in 2003. The UCL is an annual, elite showcase for Europe’s most storied clubs. Since its inaugural edition in 1955, the tournament has symbolized the pinnacle of club competition in the continent; it often achieves viewership numbers that events like the Super Bowl could only dream of.
Traditionally, the UCL’s group-then-knockout-stage format offered a clear and competitive pathway for champions and top contenders across Europe, balancing a sense of exclusivity and inclusivity for top teams across nations. However, the 2024-2025 season brings a new chapter, to the chagrin of many. The UEFA Executive Committee’s is making a fundamental change to the UCL’s structure via the “Swiss model” league phase that will replace the classic group stage. In this rendition of the Swiss, 36 (up from 32) clubs will compete, facing eight opponents each. Subsequently, the total number of games will increase from 125 to 189, allowing for thousands of minutes of additional viewing time. The expansion raises an intriguing question: If the UCL is the “competition of champions,” what is the rationale behind adding more teams?
After these league-phase matches, the top eight teams will automatically qualify for the round of 16. Teams placing ninth to 24th will compete in a play-off round for a chance to reach the knockouts.
Effectively, the new format increases the number of games played by four in the pre-knockout phase. Clubs will now face more opponents, providing fans with marquee matchups earlier on. Meanwhile, the seeding system, wherein teams play two opponents from each “pot,” takes away features like home and away fixtures of the same matchup. However, it attempts to retain the essence of that idea by hosting four, an equal number, of both games. The Swiss model’s intention is clear: T1o generate a more varied and exciting group of matches, even if it means altering the established rhythm of qualification and impacting players’ ability to rest.
UEFA has laid out several motivations for these reforms, emphasizing a need to increase competitive diversity, boost revenue, and respond to the demands of elite clubs and fans alike. UEFA President Aleksander Čeferin has said that the changes maintain the league’s tradition of open competition by allowing more clubs to face Europe’s best. Some industry analysts suggest that investor and broadcast interests play a larger role in driving the reform than he lets on. With more games featuring top teams, UEFA and its broadcasting partners stand to see an increase in viewership and, by extension, advertising revenue. The expansion also helps satisfy elite clubs’ managements, which see the new format as both a financial incentive and a chance for their players to gain visibility in the European audience.
For fans, the Swiss model offers the chance to see their teams compete against a larger variety of European opponents. However, traditionalists may struggle to enjoy the drastically different new format. Players will certainly feel the effects of a longer, more intense competition—with the four extra games in the league phase, there is increased strain on top players, who already face packed domestic and international schedules. There’s also a heightened risk of fatigue and injuries, which could impact performance throughout the season.
UEFA’s investors and broadcasting partners, on the other hand, will benefit from the greater revenue potential that the format changes allow. The Swiss model is designed to increase viewership, and its fruition is aligned with UEFA’s goal of further solidifying the UCL as a commercial powerhouse, particularly in an era when sports broadcasting faces fierce competition from other mediums such as streaming platforms.
By expanding the number of teams and adopting a more inclusive approach, UEFA risks compromising the UCL’s identity and exclusivity as a “competition of champions.” The Swiss model undoubtedly introduces something fresh, but whether these changes ultimately enhance or dilute the League’s prestige is yet to be seen. As the upcoming season unfolds, only time will tell if the Champions League’s new format can live up to the legacy it seeks to build upon.
The successful development of sustainable public transportation is key in the global fight against climate change, due to its potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and mitigate land-use effects. On average, personal vehicles produce one pound of carbon dioxide per passenger mile, while public buses, if assumed to be operating at 25 per cent capacity, produce only 0.64 pounds of carbon dioxide per passenger mile. Ensuring high use rates of public transportation also helps increase their impact: The closer buses are to capacity, the lower their emission per passenger mile.
Researchers at Transportation Research at McGill (TRAM) recently published an article in the journal Transport Policy analyzing how public perception influences sustainable public transportation development. They applied these analyses to two current projects in Montreal: A light-rail transit (LRT) system and a bus-rapid transit (BRT) system.
The Montreal LRT, with 27 open stations, is expected to be fully operational by 2027. Meanwhile, the BRT system, centred in Pie-IX, began its extension to Notre-Dame East Street in fall 2023.
Lancelot Rodrigue, a PhD candidate working under Professor Ahmed El-Geneidy at McGill’s School of Urban Planning, helped design these analysis projects and co-authored the paper.
“It was really to understand [the LRT and BRT] individually, but also to compare them to different types of projects,” Rodrigue said in an interview with The Tribune. “[We wanted to see] what drives support for these types of projects.”
To collect data, TRAM sent an anonymous survey to Montreal residents, analyzing both quantitative and qualitative responses.
“We always tend to focus on very objective data when we look at projects. But sometimes we forget that decision-making is not necessarily done solely from an objective standpoint, so we really wanted to go into this project taking into account the subjectivity of a lot of people’s perceptions,” Rodrigue explained.
The team found a critical difference between the quantitative and qualitative responses: While people generally gave positive ratings in the quantitative section, the open-ended qualitative responses were less favourable.
“When you ask open-ended questions, first of all, not everyone answers them. People who feel neutral won’t necessarily answer, but the people that do answer almost always tend to be more negative,” Rodrigue said. “[This trend] is something that has been found in literature across a lot of different domains.”
The team also found that the public perception was highly impacted by the speed at which the government pursued the construction of these projects.
“There’s kind of a duality between how fast [the project governance team is] willing to go, but also how properly [the project governance team is] planning the projects,” Rodrigue said.
They found that people generally wanted their projects completed quickly, but also wanted to ensure there was enough time to prevent common problems during development. Furthermore, they wished for plans to be public to encourage community input without derailing the project’s timeline. Given all of these concerns, policymakers need to achieve a delicate balance to ensure timely project completion while addressing community concerns and maintaining project integrity.
To better understand these dynamics, the TRAM team is continuing to analyze similar survey data.
“The data from this paper was the second wave, and now we’re just finishing the fifth wave that we just collected,” Rodrigue said.
While their surveys are anonymous, TRAM collects demographic information to contextualize their findings within the Montreal population. They have noticed the results they receive tend to be skewed in favour of upper-class, white individuals, which is something they are actively working on addressing.
Through targeted advertising, the team has successfully altered their samples in more recent surveys to balance data received in terms of gender and are hoping that balance across race and income level will soon follow.
“We’ve done a lot more targeted advertising, and we’re now weighing our sample to correct these issues as much as possible,” Rodrigue explained. “We’re trying to get a portrait that’s more representative of the Montreal population.”
By looking into the factors that dictate policy decisions, the TRAM team is working towards new policy guidelines that can help support both the decision-makers and the general public in future urban planning and transportation development.
Scientific research has undoubtedly become an integral aspect of human existence. It shapes our understanding of the world and drives advancements that impact nearly every aspect of life. With ongoing scientific efforts to combat diseases such as Alzheimer’s, breast cancer, and immune disorders, the demand for accessible data continues to grow, emphasizing the importance of Open Science for advancing scientific discovery.
Open Science is the practice of sharing data, information, tools, and research results. It accelerates discovery by enabling others to build on previously validated research.
On Nov. 7, the Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro) hosted its sixth annual Open Science in Action Symposium, aiming to highlight the practical implementation of Open Science across all stages of the research lifecycle. The event emphasized areas where the adoption of Open Science remains limited, such as data acquisition in laboratories.
The symposium commenced with a compelling presentation on Open Science by keynote speaker, Ed Lein, a senior investigator at the Allen Institute for Brain Science.
Allen Institute and their open science commitment
Lein strives to enhance the accessibility of science to promote collaboration, team cohesion, and address any potential accessibility barriers in current research methods.
“The aim here is to create resources that can be catalytic much, much beyond our walls. Our core principles really are picking big impactful problems in current health issues and helping researchers tackle the complexities in biology,” Lein said.
The keynote lecture then addressed the Allen Institute’s Open Science commitment as a transformative force within neuroscience and beyond. The Allen Institute’s approach is rooted in an ethos of early data sharing, which is a central focus of the institute. This guiding principle facilitates democratic access to research findings and accelerates progress in scientific discovery by making complex datasets readily accessible to the broader community.
The Development of a Brain Cell Atlas and technological advancements
This ambitious project involves cataloging the vast diversity of brain cells, understanding their unique properties, and mapping their spatial organization across different brain regions.
“We now have a complete cell atlas of the mouse brain, and we’re able to get a first draft in humans,” Lein highlighted.
The Brain Cell Atlas uses a technique called single-cell transcriptomics to differentiate various brain cell types. By examining the transcriptome, which encompasses all messenger molecules, this process pinpoints the active genes within each individual cell. This data allows scientists to group cells into categories based on their gene expression profiles, providing insights into their specific functions and identities. By analyzing these profiles, researchers can identify specific cell types and their roles in brain function and disease.
While single-cell transcriptomics provides a “who’s who” of brain cells, spatial transcriptomics shows where these cells are located within the brain’s complex architecture. By pinpointing the location of each cell type, scientists can understand brain structure, cellular interactions, and cellular arrangements in different areas of the brain.
Developing the Brain Cell Atlas relies on integrating enormous datasets generated from advanced techniques. The Allen Institute uses sophisticated computational tools and machine learning to analyze and synthesize this data, allowing them to build a coherent map of the brain’s cellular landscape. This integration of vast datasets is essential for making connections between cell types in animals and humans, brain structure, and cognitive function.
“By focusing our sampling efforts, we’ve been able to identify and map over three thousand distinct human cell types, capturing their complex interactions within a comprehensive database,” Lein said.
Through its commitment to transparency, the Allen Institute has emerged as a leader in Open Science, especially in neuroscience, where complex data often challenges traditional research approaches. Embracing this openness not only enhances collaboration but also accelerates discovery, setting a new standard for accessibility in scientific advancement.
Why advocate for healthcare in Canada if it’s perceived as universally free? Despite the common misconception, increasing awareness of healthcare disparities in Canada—particularly highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic—emphasizes the urgent call for equitable access to medicines. In the fight for affordable care, McGill students are stepping up to advocate for a critical cause: Global health equity.
Universities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM) McGill, a local chapter of the international organization, is led by passionate students who are committed to addressing the barriers that prevent essential medicines from reaching those who need them most.
A mission to educate and advocate
United by a focus on both education and advocacy, the team is challenging the status quo within academic research.
“I had been interested for a while in access to medicine, and at UAEM I saw an opportunity to learn in an extremely motivating yet kind environment,” UAEM McGill President Amanda Leloup, U3 Arts, wrote to the The Tribune.
One of UAEM’s initiatives, The Canadian Report Card, measures how well universities follow equitable licensing practices. The evaluation system assesses whether institutions such as McGill adhere to frameworks like the Global Access Licensing Framework (GALF). This report card is a crucial tool used to hold universities accountable, ensuring that research innovations are accessible to everyone, not just those who can afford them.
By assessing and publicizing how universities manage their research outcomes, the report card pushes for greater transparency and fairness. For students, researchers, and policymakers, understanding and engaging with the report card is essential to advocacy efforts for policies that promote equitable access to essential medicines.
“We hold the university accountable to ensure that there is fair and equitable access to innovations paid for through tax money,” Leloup said. “We want to make sure McGill lives up to their equitable licensing agreements.”
In addition to their ongoing efforts, UAEM McGill is hosting its annual conference in Montreal later this year. This milestone event will bring chapters from across North America together to discuss the role of Canadian healthcare, Indigenous rights in medicine, and other topics regarding global health equity.
The conference will address the reality that even with public healthcare, affordability and accessibility remain pressing issues for marginalized communities in Canada.
Projects and calls to action
Last April, the team launched a Donation Tracker website that invites manufacturers, shelters, and community groups to donate essential goods, such as masks and medications, to vulnerable populations in Montreal. In promoting the website, the team will be donating to The Open Door during their collaborative donations drive, sending clothes, food, and toiletries to those in need.
Additionally, their Open Science initiative advocates for transparency in medical research, ensuring that students, researchers, and the public can freely access research findings without costly paywalls. This is essential for students, as it enables them to engage with the latest scientific developments and contribute to ongoing research efforts. Open Science empowers the academic community to push for systemic changes underlying the importance of access and affordability in healthcare.
How McGill students can make a difference
UAEM McGill encourages students to get involved in advocacy and education regarding global health equity. In doing so, they empower themselves to become active participants in shaping a healthcare system that prioritizes accessibility and fairness for all.
“Students can gain access to resources, training, and a network of like-minded advocates who are all passionate about the same topic, and this enhances their capacity to influence policy, engage with experts, and work on impactful campaigns while making an actual impact,” Leloup wrote.
Leloup also urges student researchers to incorporate Open Science and DEI principles into their research practices. This can help steer academia toward addressing the most pressing issues and focusing on structural inequalities in research.
As the club’s motto goes, “Make medicines for people, not for profit.” This call to action reminds us all that accessible, affordable healthcare is a human right, not a privilege.
Montreal’s metro system has long been the lifeline of student life, whether it’s a late night out at Café Campus or an early 8 a.m. at Leacock Building. The metro system connects many major universities: Concordia, Université de Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Université de Sherbrooke, and of course, McGill. It is fast, convenient, and affordable, enabling direct access to these educational institutions. In recent months, however, it has become apparent that it has many flaws, one of the more significant ones being frequent service delays. The causes of these holdups vary, from equipment failure to degrading infrastructure to leakages. Some of these delays last minutes or hours, but others are far more drastic, lasting weeks with no clear end in sight. Serious measures must be taken to enhance the functioning and reliability of Montreal’s public transportation system, for the sake of McGill students and the community at large.
A prime example of this is the ongoing shutdown of the St-Michel station on the Blue Line due to degraded concrete. Though this station is on the far end of the Blue Line, far from any downtown universities, it still affects those Montreal students living far from campus, as well as the many community members who also rely on public transportation. As a result of this station closure, Montreal is urging the province of Quebec to take action on this matter and increase funding for public transit to $560 million CAD per year, a significant jump from the current annual projected sum of $240 million CAD.
Though there have been mixed reactions to this demand for increased funding, the overall consensus is that the metro system needs significant improvement. Denis Martin, mayor of Deux-Montagnes, agrees that the city has waited far too long for changes to be made. Geneviève Guilbault, Quebec’s Minister of Transport and Sustainable Mobility, also acknowledges that service must be improved. Despite these high-level discussions and shared concerns, the reality remains stark: Montreal’s metro system faces budget cuts rather than the vital funding it needs. Students everywhere, myself included, cannot afford to keep arriving late for lectures or missing them altogether due to circumstances out of our control.
McGill students, many of whom depend on public transit to reach campus, face increasingly unreliable commutes with few alternative transportation options. McGill must play a role in advocating for its students and pushing for better services, by collaborating with the Societé de Transport de Montréal (STM) on initiatives to ensure transportation accessibility for students. The distribution of temporary taxi or Uber vouchers in times of STM system failures could be implemented, to guarantee that students can still arrive on campus in an affordable and timely manner. Alternatively, McGill could allow for flexible class schedules in times of delay. The university should allow students to attend lectures, labs and/or exams virtually during transportation disruptions, or at the very least allow for some degree of lenience, especially for classes that have a participation or attendance grade.
The current trajectory of budget cuts rather than increased funding that STM desperately needs threatens not just daily commutes, but the fundamental accessibility of higher education in Montreal. As students navigate the pressures of academic life, the added uncertainty of reliable transportation creates an unnecessary burden that disproportionately affects those with fewer financial resources or schedule flexibility. This transit crisis, coupled with Quebec’s recent tuition hikes for out-of-province students at Anglophone universities, suggests a troubling trend of provincial policies that create additional barriers to education rather than fostering the accessible educational environment Montreal has long been known for.